• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.989-992
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of larval stages of three species, namely, Tenebrio molitor, Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis, and Ptecticus tenebrifer larvae, in degrading poultry manure, specially, broiler and duck manure. The survival rates of larvae were also noted. For the experiment, T. molitor (n=300), P. brevitarsis seulensis (n=60), and P. tenebrifer (n=300) hatched larvae were randomly divided into six groups with three replicates. The degaradation efficacy tests were then performed for 30 days in a laboratory. The test groups were as follows: T1, 110 g broiler manure + T. molitor larvae (n=50); T2, 110 g duck manure + T. molitor larvae (n=50); T3, 125 g broiler manure + P. brevitarsis seulensis larvae (n=10); T4, 125 g duck manure + P. brevitarsis seulensis larvae (n=10); T5, 105 g broiler manure + P. tenebrifer larvae (n=50); and T6, 105 g duck manure + P. tenebrifer larvae (n=50). The groups showed significant efficacy in degrading broiler and duck manure (p<0.05). The highest survival rates were recorded for T. molitor larvae in both manure types [T1 (92.67%) and T2 (50%)], followed by P. brevitarsis seulensis larvae (T4, 40%) and P. tenebrifer larvae (T6, 14.67%) in duck manure. Next, the survival rates of P. brevitarsis seulensis (T3) and Ptecticus tenebrifer larvae (T5) in broiler manure were 0%. In conclusion, these results point to the feasibility of using insect larvae to degrade broiler and duck manure.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.753-759
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to develop the optimum oligonucleotide primers for the simple detection of Campylobacter in food samples. In order to achieve this goal, a variety of oligonucleotide primers were designed via the modification of 16S rDNA, ceuE and mapA sequences of Campylobacter. Through the subsequent analysis of the specificity and sensitivity of primers, two types of oligonucleotide primers, CB4 and CJ1, were selected for Campylobacter genus-specific and C. jejuni species-specific primers, respectively. The detection limit was found to be $10^0{\sim}10^1$ cells per reaction with the prepared cell suspension, however, the sensitivity in the meat samples was less, at $10^1{\sim}10^2$. We suggested that PCR inhibitors such as hemoglobin or immunoglobulin in pork or beef influenced.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.433-442
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• 2017

As a result of the Four-River Restoration Project in Korea, the habitat of endangered plant species of Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae and Polygonatum stenophyllum, which had been natively grown in the riparian zone of Namhan River, was destroyed and artificial replacement habitats were created. In this study, Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) was used to determine whether the replacement habitats are suitable for each species or not. From October 2015 to July 2016, Habitat Evaluate Procedures (HEP) were conducted on two replacement habitats of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae (Gangcheonsum and Sum-River) and on two replacement habitats of P. stenophyllum (Gangcheonsum and Youngjuk) in the Namhan River watershed. As evaluation parameters for A. altaicus var. uchiyamae habitat, habitat matrix (ratio of unburied gravel), height above the ordinary water level, soil nutrients, and light conditions were selected and for P. stenophyllum habitat, soil texture, light conditions, and coverage of companion species were selected. HSI was applied to evaluate the suitability of each replacement habitat. According to the result of the evaluation, replacement habitats of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae and P. stenophyllum located in Gangcheonsum have relatively high HSI values as 0.839 and 0.846, respectively. On the other hand, replacement habitats of A. altaicus var. uchiyamae in Sum-River and P. stenophyllum in Youngjuk zone have HSI value of 0, indicating unsuitable habitats for these species. This is the first attempt to apply HSI for plant species in Korea and proved the usefulness of HSI on plants.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.140-151
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• 2001

This study based on the theoretical understanding of multi-layer planting which have engineering, ecological and landscape benefits, was conducted to find out the status of multi-layer planting in the apartment and neighborhood park in Seoul. This study was also aimed to seek for the problematic matters, and suggest a solution on the current multi-layer planting. The results of this study were as follows; 1) Since landscape woody plants have been classified just as tree and shrub in Korea, the classification for the multi-layer planting has been unreasonable, and landscape woody plants might have been classified as tree, sub-tree and shrub, or upper, middle, and lower-layer, It could be defined that upper layer is over eight meters in full growth, middle over 3-8 meters and lower under 3 meters. 2) In apartments, the upper layer consisted of eighteen species, the middle and lower layer seven species each. In neighborhood parks, the upper layer consisted of fifteen species, and the middle and lower layer five species each. 3) In terms of planting year of the surveyed areas, there were no differences in the number of species when planting year of the apartment was divided into two groups, the first half(1900-1995) and the second(1996-2000). But, in terms of individual occupation, the percentage was decreased in upper layer, while there was increasing in middle and lower layer. 4) As the result of survey of multi-layered area, it appeared that apartment was shown 0.65 percent and neighborhood park 0.61 percent of the planted area, which was less than 1 percentage of landscape architecturally planted area. 5) In apartment, the number of individual in middle layers has been increased in the first half and the second, but with respect to the correlation with multi-layered area, the apartments had the "$\rho$=0.208", saying that increasing middle layer was scattered planting instead of multi-layered planting. 6) In planting at the apartments in Korea, the planting density was limited, because the layer division was restricted to only tree and shrub. On the contrary, it was divided into upper, middle and lower tree in Japan. Therefore, in Korea, it should be classified as the planting density by dividing into tree, sub-tree, and shrubs, or upper, middle and lower tree by the law. And, it should be considered that the multi-layered planting has a proper organic relation as well as the planting density.g density.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.681-698
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• 2016

With increasing public concern for environmentally friendly agriculture, ecological aspect of landscape management is of growing importance. AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) analysis were conducted based on the delphi survey of 31 experts to evaluate the relative importance and the preference of landscape elements. Landscape components of organic farmland were classified into 2 landscape fields, 5 landscape types, 14 landscape units, and 37 landscape elements. Overall relevance score for the proposed landscape components were about 5.5 on the seven point scale. While the relative importance weight of cropland landscape field was 0.71, the weight of intra-structure landscape field was 0.29. Among the cropland landscape, relatively higher weight was assigned to farming system (0.47) and margins (0.31), as compared with hydrological system (0.22). In the farming system, crop (0.40) and farm land (0.39) were the most important landscape units. In the margins, higher weight was given to Buffer zone (0.44) and Trees (0.42). Biological habitat (0.43) ranked the highest score in the hydrological system. Preferable landscape elements were glass house, companion plants, rice paddy field, diverse crop species, small pond, and small river, which are representing ecological advantage of organic farming systems. This result indicated that the landscape elements identified in the study would be suitable to evaluate ecological aspect of rural landscape in organic farmland.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.789-796
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• 2018

This study aims to measure the emotional effects of pet plants, which have become popular in recent years. A questionnaire regarding perceptions of these indoor plants was administered to 78 university students. Thirty of these students took care of two species of pet plants for 90 days, and the emotional effects of this exercise were determined based on the type of words used in their daily records. The questionnaire results showed that the general recognition of emotional effects was low, though awareness of the term "pet plants" was high. However, after gardening for 90 days, participants began to consider their pet plants friends or family members, noting feelings of affection and sympathy in their daily writeups. These participants also experienced positive changes in their emotional well-being, including feelings of joy, hope, relaxation, confidence, and accomplishment. This study argues that pet plants can have positive effects on emotional stability and suggests that their adoption would be beneficial to humanity at large.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 2012

Apoptosis is a host defense mechanism that the cell uses to limit production of infectious pathogens. Although many bacteria, viruses and parasites can induce apoptosis in infected cells, some pathogens usually exhibit the ability to suppress the induction of apoptosis in the infected cells. Sophisticated evasion strategies of obligate intracellular parasites, in particular prevention of host cell apoptosis, are necessary to ensure successful replication. To study the ability of Eimeria tenella in this regard, in vitro experiments were performed applying Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells as host cell. We have demonstrated that productive infection of adherent cell lines by E. tenella resulted in an anti-apototic effect. This phenomenon was confirmed using in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated (TdT) deoxyuridine triphosphates (dUTP)-fluorescein nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay to detect apoptosis. Therefore, E. tenella could complete its cycle of productive infection while inducing anti-apoptosis in the infected cells. This finding might have implications for the pathobiology of E. tenella and other Eimeria species.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1109-1114
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• 2016

H3N2 canine influenza virus emerged in South Korea in 2007 and subsequently spread to China and Thailand, causing epidemic or endemic respiratory diseases in dogs. Through intermammalian species transmission, the virus has also infected cats. However, no direct evidence of significant genetic evolution has been reported since its first emergence. Here, we describe in depth the genetic and molecular characteristics of the ancestral strain (i.e., the first virus isolate from South Korea) of the H3N2 canine influenza virus currently circulating in East Asia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.78-85
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• 2006

This study was to analyze vegetation and soil characteristic, and ordination of Bupleurum latissimum community located in Seo-Myun, Isl. Ulleungdo. The Bupleurum latissimum community was classified into Physocarpus insularis subcommunity and Artemisia stolonifera subcommunity, and there was Artemisia stolonifera subcommunity in destroyed site of Bupleurum latissimum community. In the study sites, soil organic matter, nitrogen, available phosphorous, changeable potassium, changeable calcium, changeable magnesium concentration, cation exchangeable capacity, and soil pH were ranged from 19.0~25.6%, 0.67~0.96%, 47.8~103.0ppm, 2.4~2.8(me/100g), 13.8~15.0(me/100g), 8.4~9.0 (me/100g), 34.0~38.4(me/100g), and 5.9~6.0, respectively. The Bupleurum latissimum community had higher nitrogen, exchangeable magnesium, and available phosphorous concentration than in Bupleurum euphorbioides and Bupleurum longiradiatum community. The Berberis amurensis var. latifolia and Valeriana officinalis var. latifolia that was companion species of Bupleurum latissimum community was found in area of having high soil organic matter and nitrogen concentration. The Ligustrum foliosumwas found in shrubbery, and so the reason could give little competition with Bupleurum latissimum community. The Bupleurum latissimum is the endangered species managed by Ministry of Environments in Korea. Its community has been destroyed, and so we need any action to protect the community.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.151-157
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• 2004

Samples of milk were collected from 425 halves of 216 dairy goats in Chonnam province over a period of January through August 2003. Bacterial isolation was carried out on those samples, and their antimicrobial susceptibility was tested. Bacteria were isolated from 166 milk samples (39.1%), either singly (74.7%) or in combination (25.3%). Of the 220 isolates, Staphylococcus spp. was the most prevalent (82.6%), followed by Streptococcus spp. (2.7%), Corynebacterium spp. (1.8%), Enterococcus spp. (1.8%), and Pasteurella spp. (1.8%). Of the 11 species identified from the 182 isolates of Staphylococcus spp., the most frequent species identified were S. epidermidis (28.6%) followed by S. chromogens (14.8%), S. haemolyticus (12.6%), S. aureus (12.1%), S. capitis (8.2%), S. lentus (8.2%), S. hyicus (4.4%), S. simulans (4.4%), S. caprae (2.8%), S. hominis (2.8%) and S. warneri (1.1%). Antimicrobial sensitivity test revealed that most isolates were highly susceptible to 11 antimicrobial agents (96.4 ~ 80.9%), while most isolates were resistant to penicillin.