• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2014

Recently, ICT technology has been evolving towards an M2M (Machine to Machine) environment that allows communication between machine and machine from the communication between person and person, and now the IoT (Internet of Things) technology that connects all things without human intervention is receiving great attention. In such a network environment, the communication network between object and object as well as between person and person, and person and object is available which leads to the sharing of information between all objects, which is the essential technical element for us to move forward to the information service society of the era of future ubiquitous computing. On this paper, the protocol related to DTMNs in a Sparse M2M environment was applied and the improved routing protocol was applied by using the azimuth and density of the moving node in order to support a more efficient network environment to deliver the message between nodes in an M2M environment. This paper intends to verify the continuity of the study related to efficient routing protocols to provide an efficient network environment in the IoT and IoE (Internet of Everything) environment which is as of recently in the spotlight.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.43-54
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• 1997

In this paper, we introduce a secure and minimal protocol for authenticated key distribution over the CDMA mobile communication network. The CDMA mobile communication network has been developed the security protocol that provides a means for user authentication and subsequent protection of user traffic. However, this model has no security assumptions for the intermediate, fixed networks. To avoiding these drawbacks, we introduce a minimal authenticated key distribution protocol. This protocol provides the security of the intermediate and fixed network in mobile environment, and maintains the confidentiality of user identification and the minimum size of information flow compared with the existing protocols.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.91-109
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• 2021

Recently, social and economic environment has been rapidly changed. In particular, the development of IT technology accelerated the introduction of databases, communication networks, information processing and analyzing systems, making the use of such information and communication technology an essential factor for corporate management innovation. This change also affected the accounting areas. The purpose of this study is to document changes in accounting areas due to the adoption of IT technologies in the era of technology and information, to define the required accounting professions in this era, and to present the efficient educational methodologies for training such accounting experts. An accounting expert suitable for the era of technology and information means an accounting profession not only with basic accounting knowledge, competence, independency, reliability, communication skills, and flexible interpersonal skills, but also with IT skills, data utilization and analysis skills, the understanding big data and artificial intelligence, and blockchain-based accounting information systems. In order to educate future accounting experts, the accounting curriculum should be reorganized to strengthen the IT capabilities, and it should provide a wide variety of learning opportunities. It is also important to provide a practical level of education through industry and academic cooperation. Distance learning, web-based learning, discussion-type classes, TBL, PBL, and flipped-learnings will be suitable for accounting education methodologies to foster future accounting experts. This study is meaningful because it can motivate to consider accounting educational system and curriculum to enhance IT capabilities.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.389-399
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• 2022

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are one of the basic building blocks of Internet of Things (IoT) systems. However, the wireless sensing nodes in WSNs suffer from energy constraint issues because the replacement/recharging of the batteries of the nodes tends to be difficult. Furthermore, a number of realistic IoT scenarios, such as habitat and battlefield monitoring, contain mobile sensing elements, which makes the energy issues more critical. This research paper focuses on realistic WSN scenarios that involve mobile sensing elements with the aim of mitigating the attendant energy constraint issues using the concept of radio-frequency (RF) energy extraction. The proposed technique incorporates a cluster head election workflow for WSNs that includes mobile sensing elements capable of RF energy harvesting. The extensive simulation analysis demonstrated the higher efficacy of the proposed technique compared with the existing techniques in terms of residual energy, number of functional nodes, and network lifetime, with approximately 50% of the nodes found to be functional at the 4000th, 5000th, and 6000th rounds for the proposed technique with initial energies of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 J, respectively.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.319-328
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• 2022

Bearing plays an important role in the operation of most machinery, Therefore, when a defect occurs in the bearing, a fatal defect throughout the machine is generated. In this reason, bearing defects should be detected early. In this paper, we describe a method using Convolutional Neural Networks (SN-CNNs) based on continuous wavelet transformations and Switchable normalization for bearing defect detection models. The accuracy of the model was measured using the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) bearing dataset. In addition, batch normalization methods and spectrogram images are used to compare model performance. The proposed model achieved over 99% testing accuracy in CWRU dataset.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.21-33
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• 2022

Previous research has provided inconsistent findings as to whether socially (in)competent individuals benefit from social networking sites (SNSs) use. Based on the rich-get-richer model, some studies have shown that socially competent individuals expand their existing networks even further via SNSs use. Based on the poor-get-richer model, other studies have shown that those with poor social skills can achieve beneficiary outcomes from SNSs use by overcoming their deficient social resources of offline environments. The present study is devised to add evidence regarding how and why social skills are related to SNSs use. To this end, we tested the relationships between social competence and three types of Facebook communication activities: interaction, self-presentation, and passive observation. Further, drawing on the social cognitive theory, the mediating role of outcome expectancy in the relationship between social competence and Facebook communication activities was examined. Using an online survey in South Korea (N = 708), it was found that individuals with higher social competence were more likely than those with lower social competence to engage in interaction, self-presentation, passive observation on Facebook. Moreover, these relationships were mediated by outcome expectancy that the desired social outcomes could be achieved as a result of Facebook use.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.132-135
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• 2022

Recently, with the development of IoT communication technology, products and services that detect and inform the surrounding environment under the name of smart plugs are being developed. In particular, in order to prepare for fire or gas leakage accidents, products that automatically close and warn when abnormal symptoms occur are used. Most of them use methods of collecting, analyzing, and processing information through networks. However, there is a disadvantage that it cannot be used when the network is temporarily in a failed state. In this paper, sensor information was analyzed using deep learning, and a model that can predict abnormal symptoms was learned in advance and applied to MCU. The performance of each model was evaluated by developing firmware that can judge and process on its own regardless of network and applying a predictive model to the MCU after 3 to 120 seconds.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.1068-1069
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• 2010

무선센서네트워크에서 저가의 센서 필드를 구성하기 위해 센서노드의 위치 추정은 매우 중요하다. 소수의 위치를 알고 있는 센서노드인 앵커노드를 이용하여 모든 일반노드들의 위치를 알게 하는 방법으로 DRLS이 있으며, 이 기법은 이전의 기법들에 비해 상대적으로 정확한 위치 추정을 가능하게 한다. 하지만 DRLS는 이웃하는 앵커노드가 없는 일반노드의 경우 위치 추정 정확도를 심각하게 낮추는 에러 전파가 일어나는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문은 DRLS의 에러전파를 줄이기 위한 Distributed Localization for Reducing Error Propagation (DLREP)를 제안한다. DLREP는 각 일반노드들이 DRLS를 이용하여 위치 추정을 한 뒤 한 번의 추가적인 브로드캐스트를 더 수행하여 각 일반노드가 추가적인 앵커노드의 위치 정보를 얻게 한다. 그리고 이 정보를 이용하여 앵커노드 위치를 중심으로한 초기 위치의 회전을 통해 일반노드의 에러전파가 된 위치에 대한 수정을 가한다. DLREP는 위치 측정이 완료된 DRLS에 적용되어 더 정확한 센서노드의 위치 추정을 할 수 있도록 하는 진보된 위치 추정 기법이다.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.1735-1738
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• 2010

가상화는 하나의 물리적 시스템을 논리적으로 분할해 자원 공유의 효율성을 극대화하는 기술이다. 하지만 가상화에 필수적인 시스템의 추상화는 자원 관리의 복잡도를 증가시켜 하드웨어 장치의 로드 발생을 야기한다는 문제점이 있다. 가상 머신 마이그레이션(migration)은 로드를 발생시키는 가상 머신을 자원적 여유가 있는 시스템으로 이동시키는 기술이며, 기존의 기법들은 메모리상의 실행 컨텍스트의 이동 비용을 최소화하기 위한 방법에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 하지만 네트워크를 통한 스토리지의 공유가 어려운 WAN(wide area network) 환경에서는 실행 컨텍스트뿐만 아니라 가상 머신 이미지 자체의 이동이 불가피하며, 이는 많은 비용을 발생시킨다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 가상 머신간 파일 블록 공유를 통한 WAN 환경에서의 효율적인 가상 머신 마이그레이션 기법을 제안하고, 실험을 통해 제안 기법에 대한 분석 및 평가를 실시하였다.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.572-575
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• 2011

It is well known that spanning tree protocol (STP) is the most commonly used protocol in switching networks for smart grid. STP selectively blocks redundancy links of the network to prevent layer 2 loops in network, and it also has a functionality of backing up links. As with the other protocols, STP has been updated with the continuing development of the network. STP is a broad concept and it does not just refer in particular to defined STP protocol in IEEE 802.1D standards, it refers to updated spanning tree protocol based on STP. Because of uneven distribution of communication traffic in root bridge, STP cannot satisfy fast converge nce while the failure occurs near the root bridge or on the root bridge in tree topologies of STP. In this paper, we propose a novel method --- Hyper Cube Spanning Tree Protocol (HCSTP) to solve uneven distribution of communication traffic. Theoretically, hyper cube in our protocol increases throughput and improves the utilization of communication. The simulation results show that HCSTP can achieve comparative and considerably higher performance than other STP protocols in terms of reconnection.