• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.316-319
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• 2014

People's interests in coffee are increasing with the expansion of coffee market. In this trend, people's taste becomes more luxurious and coffee bean's quality is considered to be very important. Currently, bean defects are mainly detected by experienced specialists. In this paper, a detection system of bean defects using machine learning is presented. This system concentrates on detecting two main defect types : bean's shape and insect damage. Convolutional Neural Networks are used for machine learning. The neural networks are comprised of two neural networks. The first neural network detects defects in the bean's shape, and the second one detects the bean's insect damage. The development of this system could be a starting point for automated coffee bean defects detection. Later, further research is needed to detect other bean defect types.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.91-107
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• 2021

As competition in the domestic franchise industry is more heated than ever, we examined the factors that affect the profitability of the coffee franchise industry, which has grown rapidly over the last decade, and explored what effect preparatory startup education has on the profitability of coffee franchise stores. Specifically, this study looked into whether preparatory startup education can increase store competitiveness, provide insight into store location selection, generate innovative management, and ultimately contribute to store profitability. To test these hypotheses, we employed structural equation modeling. Results showed that preparatory startup education has a significantly positive (+)effect on 1)business characteristics: taste, quality, price affordability, menu diversity, store ambiance, 2)location characteristics: suitability, and 3)innovation management: accessibility, delivery service, and SNS marketing. The factors with a significantly positive (+)effect on store profitability were taste, quality, and price affordability with regard to business characteristics, suitability in terms of location characteristics, and SNS marketing in respect to innovation management. We expect that this study will have practical implications for increasing the profitability of coffee franchise stores, which are facing excessive competition, and its findings will be useful for coffee franchise head offices as well as government when making relevant policy decisions. In addition, it is intended to deliver a message to franchise head offices, central government, and local governments that they should provide institutional support to coffee franchise stores such that delivery services can lead to substantial improvement in profitability, even when delivery costs are considered.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.185-190
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of learners' satisfaction with the educational environment on the achievement level in the outreach coffee barista and bakery lifelong education program. The results of this study conducted over 10 sessions for learners living in Y city are as follows. Firstly, the satisfaction with the instructor was the highest, the satisfaction with the program content was the next, and the satisfaction with the program environment was the lowest. Secondly, as a result of analysis through pre-post evaluation, it was found that there was a significant level of improvement in learning effect. Thirdly, as a result of analyzing the effect on the achievement level, it was found that satisfaction with the instructor had a significant effect on the level of knowledge, and satisfaction with the content of the program had a significant effect on the level of attitude. However, satisfaction with the program environment was found to have no significant effect in all areas of knowledge, skill, and attitude. In conclusion, even if the educational environmental factors are poor in the outreach coffee barista and bakery programs, high satisfaction with the instructor and the content of the program can have a significant learning achievement. With this study, it is hoped that the outreach coffee barista and bakery education program will be further activated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.529-536
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• 2020

This study aims to provide the basic data for coffee intake and health promotion by examining the conditions in which Korean adults consume the most coffee. The study used raw data from the second year of the 7th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017), and 3,325 subjects who were 19 years of age or older and who were not missing the required values. This number used as the average amount of coffee drank per day in the past year is at least one cup. In order to identify factors that affect coffee intake, the model included general characteristics such as gender, age, household income, education level, occupation, health behaviors such as smoking, drinking, high intensity and moderate intensity exercises, walking, physical activity during work and leisure, sleep time, stress and depression. The results showed that coffee intake was lower among women than men, coffee intake was higher for people 40-64 years than people 20-39 years old, physical occupations rather than non-physical occupations, smokers rather than non-smokers, and for high stress rather than low stress in life. Subjects with these factors are considered to be at risk of excessive caffeine intake from coffee. The risk group of this study should be studied for the effect of excessive consumption of coffee on personal health.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 1999

This study investigated the differences in dietary intake, age, body mass index(BMI), marital status and education of 1,585 Korean healthy males among current smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers. Dietary intake was determined by a food frequency questionnaire at the Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. A bioelectric impedance analyzer measured height, body weight and BMI. This study identified 50% of the study group as current smokers and 30% as ex-smokers and 20% as non-smokers. The mean body mass index was 23.7kg/㎡ and did not differ significantly among the three groups. THe current smokers were younger(44.9 years old) and contained a lower percentage(58.5%) of college graduate than that of ex-smokers or non-smokers. The percentage of non-consumers of meat, eggs, beans and bean products was higher in non-smokers than that of ex-smokers or current smokers. Smoking was to a significant degree positively related to the amount of coffee and alcoholic beverages consumed and negatively related to the amount of milk and milk products and fruits consumed. The intake of eggs, milk and milk products, fruit, coffee, sweets, fats and oils were significantly different among the three groups. after adjusting for age, education level, marital status, and alcohol consumption. There was a strong positive relationship between smoking intensity and the intake of coffee and alcoholic beverages(p<0.0005), and an inverse relationship between smoking intensity and fruit, milk and milk product intake(p<0.005). The current smokers were characterized by a higher intake of total energy and cholesterol, and a lower intake of dietary fibers, ${\beta}$-carotine and folate than those of non-smokers or ex-smokers. The nutrient intake of ex-smokers was moderate and highest in ${\beta}$-carotine and folate, which suggested that ex-smokers were trying to change their life style.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.399-416
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• 2016

The main aim of the research attempts to identify value relations appropriated and realized in the coffee frontier of Vietnam by investigating the ways in which it is integrated into coffee global value chains driven by multinational companies, and to provide some implications of the integration of the frontier into sustainable coffee global value chains for creating shared value in Dak Lak, Vietnam. Recently Dak Lak has gone through the transition of value relations from exploitative value chains based upon conventional coffee production into shared value chains relied upon the production of sustainable or certified coffee in Dak Lak. The transition has been expected to result in sustainability in the creation of value by enhancing regional competitive advantages and regional bargaining power in global value chains driven by multinational companies. However, the reality has shown the intensification of hierarchical profits allocation among stakeholders such as farmer, middlemen, and multinational companies in the region. The main reasons for this could be found in two perspectives. Firstly, the formation of exclusive relations among farmers, middlemen, and processors has led to stakeholders to secure market, but resulted in the intensification of hierarchy among them in global value chain, because multinational companies could control indirectly over the farming system through exclusive middlemen. Secondly, social and ecological costs imputed by multinational companies to coffee farmers in the name of creating shared value has deteriorated the economic profits of stakeholders such as farmers and middlemen. As a result, it has led to the configuration of systematically hierarchical and subordinated global value chain in Dak Lak.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.347-357
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated bone mineral density and nutritional state according to consumption of milk in Korean postmenopausal women who drink coffee. Methods: Using the 2008~2009 Korean National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey data, a total of 1,373 postmenopausal females aged 50 yrs and over were analyzed after excluding those with diseases related to bone health. According to coffee and/or milk consumption, subjects were divided into four groups: coffee only, both coffee & milk, milk only, and none of the above. All data were processed after application of weighted values and adjustment of age, body mass index, physical activity, drinking, and smoking using a general linear model. For analysis of nutrient intake and bone density, data were additionally adjusted by total energy and calcium intake. Results: The coffee & milk group had more subjects younger than 65 yrs and higher education, urban residents, and higher income than any other group. The coffee only group showed somewhat similar characteristics as the none of the above group, which showed the highest percentage of subjects older than 65 and in a lower education and socio-economic state. Body weight, height, body mass index, and lean mass were the highest in coffee & milk group and lowest in the none of the above group. On the other hand, the milk only group showed the lowest values for body mass index and waist circumference, whereas percent body fat did not show any difference among the groups. The coffee and milk group showed the highest bone mineral density in the total femur and lumbar spine as well as the highest nutritional state and most food group intakes, followed by the milk only group, coffee only group, and none of the above group. In the assessment of osteoporosis based on T-score of bone mineral density, although not significant, the coffee and milk group and milk only group, which showed a better nutritional state, included more subjects with a normal bone density, whereas the none of the above group included more subjects with osteoporosis than any other group. Conclusion: Bone mineral density in postmenopausal women might not be affected by coffee drinking if their diets are accompanied by balanced food and nutrient intake including milk.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.270-283
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine coffee consumption behaviors, dietary habits, and nutrient intakes by coffee intake amount among university students. Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to 300 university students randomly selected in Gongju. Dietary survey was administered during two weekdays by the food record method. Results: Subjects were divided into three groups: NCG (non-coffee group), LCG (low coffee group, 1~2 cups/d), and HCG (high coffee group, 3 cups/d) by coffee intake amount and subjects' distribution. Coffee intake frequency was significantly greater in the HCG compared to the LCG (p < 0.001). The HCG was more likely to intake dripped coffee with or without milk and/or sugar than the LCG (p < 0.05). More than 80% of coffee drinkers chose their favorite coffee or accompanying snacks regardless of energy content. More than 75% of coffee takers did not eat accompanying snacks instead of meals, and the HCG ate them more frequently than LCG (p < 0.05). Breakfast skipping rate was high while vegetable and fruit intakes were very low in most subjects. Subjects who drank carbonated drinks, sweet beverages, or alcohol were significantly greater in number in the LCG and HCG than in the NCG (p < 0.01). Energy intakes from coffee were $0.88{\pm}5.62kcal/d$ and $7.07{\pm}16.93kcal/d$ for the LCG and HCG. For total subjects, daily mean dietary energy intake was low at less than 72% of estimated energy requirement. Levels of vitamin C and calcium were lower than the estimated average requirements while that of vitamin D was low (24~34% of adequate intake). There was no difference in nutrient intakes by coffee intake amount, except protein, vitamin A, and niacin. Conclusion: Coffee intake amount did not affect dietary nutrient intakes. Dietary habits were poor,and most nutrient intakes were lower than recommend levels. High intakes of coffee seemed to be related with high consumption of sweet beverages and alcohol. Therefore, it is necessary to improve nutritional intakes and encourage proper water intake habits, including coffee intake, for improved nutritional status of subjects.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2012

In this study, the adsorption of $Cu^{2+}$ and $Cd^{2+}$ from aqueous solution on the biochar derived from used coffee grounds at different pyrolysis temperatures has been investigated as a potential low-cost treatment method for heavy metal-containing waters. Three biochar samples prepared by heating coffee sludge at temperature of $300^{\circ}C$ (B300), $500^{\circ}C$ (B500), and $700^{\circ}C$ (B700) were tested for the adsorption capacity and kinetics of Cd and Cu. Also the influencing factor of heavy metal removal by ion exchange in terms of cation exchange capacity (CEC) of each biochar was measured. Adsorption of Ca and Cu by biochar produced at higher pyrolysis temperature showed higher adsorption capacity but the optimal pyrolysis temperature based on performance and economy was known as $500^{\circ}C$. Sorption of Cu and Cd by biochar followed a Langmuir model at pH 6~6.5, attributing mainly to surface sorption. The biochar was more effective in Cu and Cd sorption than activated carbon (AC), with BC 500 being the most effective, which indicates that sorption of Cd and Cu by coffee sludge biochar is partly influenced by chemical sorption on surface functional group as well as physical sorption.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.289-302
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• 2018

As business activities of firms for maximizing profits has resulted in increases in economic, social and environmental problems in regional geographies, they have stimulated some social activities through enhancing their public image and justifying their conducts. In fact, firms have been given concerned with a decrease in profits due to the promotion of their social activities required by local communities. However, firms are able to create shared value resulted in added value creation centering on shareholder as well as stakeholder by expanding increases in economic and social values. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to draw an index which is able to evaluate the mechanism of virtuous circle resulted from creating shared value(hereafter CSV). At the same time, it has attempted to analyze some limits to and real effects of CSV by the index. The paper has analyzed the CSV of certificated coffee by using the index of sustainability in the Vietnamese coffee industry. The introduction of certificated coffee showed positive effects in the order of environmental, economic and social indicators. However, the structure of closed decision-making in Vinacafe, which is a state-firm, has not able to secure enough economic profits for CSV, leading to some limits to the formation of virtuous circles in the Vietnamese certificated coffee industry.