• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.630-641
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to suggest the standard of bodytype which offers various data with regard to three-dimensional characteristics of body, and which offers the criterion for the sizes and shapes to interpret various bodytypes, to estimate filling, and to construct ready-made clothing. In this study, standard bodytype was defined as a typical type with beautiful proportion and shape which a large number of people have, too. In order to continue this study, there were two ways of analyzing bodytypes of subjects in the view of statistics and beauty. We primarily carried on statistical analysis in this report. Taken as a sample, the subjects were ninety-seven females who were between the ages of 18 and 24 years o1d. They were measured on November 1999. The data of seven hundred and few females, 18∼24 year-old, from the National Somatometry Survey of 1997 were used for analysis, too. Three kinds of classification methods were used for statistical analysis. The first method was based on the lateral view of the body, the second was based on the Factor and Cluster analysis of the photographic measurements of each of the anterior and lateral body, and the third was based on the Factor and Cluster analysis of the anthropometric measurements of the whole body. From the analysis on the distribution of R hrer Index the difference of width, the difference of depth, the proportion of height and head height, the High-frequency Proportion(H.P.)range were selected. The straight type from the lateral view, High-frequency type from each method, and subjects in H.P. range were compared with each other. As the result, it was confirmed that it is proper to base on the size and shape of subjects in H.P. range to analyze the standard bodytype.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.1
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• pp.138-147
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• 2012

For biomass estimation of Phyllostachys pubescens stands by optimal survey method we established 9 bamboo sample plots in the research forests of KFRI (Korea Forest Research Institute). The dry weight of culm segment determined by relative heights of total bamboo height show us two groups of 1st to 5th culm segment (up to 0~55% culm of tree height from the bottom area) and 6th to 8th culm segment (55~100%) by the results of cluster analysis for dry weight ratio. This results show that upper and lower part of 55~70% reference height from the bottom area against total culm height can be used in obtaining 1 kg of a sample bamboo, respectively, rather than 2.0 m stem segments of other forest tree species. In above-ground biomass estimation by $W=aD+bD^2$ having the highest coefficient of determination in this study, above ground stand biomass was 57.77 ton/ha (culm 40.47 ton/ha, branch 9.29 ton/ha, and leaf 8.01 ton/ha) of which 70% was contributed by culm component followed by branch (16%) and leaf (14%). Below-ground biomass was 53.35 ton/ha in total.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.41-55
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• 2012

On the basis of vegetation data collected by point-centered quarter method in analysis in Baekdudaegan of Gangwon province in the area of Hyangrobong, Odaesan, Seokbyeongsan, Dutasan, Deokhangsan and Hambaeksan, the study was carried out to classify forest communities and to evaluate the successional trends. The classification method of cluster analysis was used to make various disordered forests into several common groups for 1,004 sample points all together. By clustering the forests in the six study areas were classified into 28 forest communities, which were subjected to aggregate 8 representative forest communities on the count of species composition and species diversity. They were Mesophytic mixed forest community, others deciduous forest community, Quercus mongolica (dominant) community, Q. mongolica (pure) community, Pinus densiflora - Q. mongolica community, P. densiflora community, Betula ermanii community and Q. mongolica - Pinus koraiensis community. The ecological outlook from the result indicated that P. densiflora community and P. densiflora - Q. mongolica community, which were located in Seokbyeongsan, Dutasan and Deokhangsan around 1,000m above the sea level showed lower species diversity index. On the contrary Mesophytic mixed forest community, others deciduous forest community which was located in Hyangrobong, Odaesan and Hambaeksan mostly in protected area and national park around 1,500m above the sea level displayed higher species diversity index. As the composition ratio of Q. mongolica within a certain community was decreased, the species diversity was generally increased, assumed that abundance of Q. mongolica might be negatively associated with species diversity in the national deciduous forest.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.437-443
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• 2009

In this study, we used the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique to evaluate the genetic relationships among 29 grapevine cultivars (Vitis spp.). Sixty selective primers detected a total of 558 polymorphic bands. By UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average) cluster analysis with 558 polymorphic bands, the 29 grapevine cultivars were divided into six major groups at 58.8% genetic similarity. The "Super Hamburg" was clustered in group I. Group II consisted of "Wonkyo RA-23", "Muscat Hamburg", "Tano Red", and "Tankeumchu". Group III consisted of "Alden", "Wonkyo RA -21", "Wonkyo RA-30", and "Dutchess". Group IV included 14 grapevine cultivars ("Heukgoosul", "Heukbosuk", "Suok", "Wonkyo RA-29", "Wonkyo RA-22", "Kyoho", "Pione", "Beniizu", "Golden Muscat", "Jinok", "Doonuri", "Campbell Early", "Delaware", and "Schuyler"). Group V consisted of "Hongdan", "Tamnara", "Hongisul", and "Himrod seedless". Group VI included 2 cultivars ("Cheongsoo", and "S. 9110").

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.25-34
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• 2019

The efficiency of sewage treatment was analyzed by statistical method based on the water quality and operation data of the sewage treatment plant applying the oxidation method. The obtained water quality data were pH, temperature, BOD, SS, T-N, ${NH_4}^+-N$, and T-P of influent and discharge water. Data analysis was performed by correlation analysis, ANOVA analysis, and cluster analysis. As a result of the statistical analysis, the influent flow rate in the sewage treatment plant was the highest in summer. The average inflow flow rate was $3.000m^3/s$. According to Box plot results, COD, and T-P concentrations of effluents were not significantly different from season to season. The Pearson correlation analysis showed strong positive correlation between BOD, COD, T-N, and T-P in influent flow. Seasonal BOD and T-N concentrations were highest in winter and COD and T-P in seasonal influences. BOD showed a strong negative correlation with the water temperature, but showed a positive correlation with other operating factors such as HRT, SRT and C/N. The higher the influent temperature, the lower the BOD concentration. Therefore, retention time was shortened and BOD treatment efficiency was lowered. It was found that T-N had a higher retention time and a higher concentration than DO concentration. On the other hand, T-P did not show a significant correlation with operating factors.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2023

This study proposes an integrated use of region and industry as a way to classify firms' innovation activities by type. Existing studies have used the method of determining innovative activities according to the components of the technological regimes and aggregating them by industry classification, but this method cannot fully reflect the heterogeneity within industries in an increasingly sophisticated innovation environment. Therefore, this study divides firms by region and industry and conducts a cluster analysis on the proportion of innovative activities by the components of the technological regimes to derive a total of four innovation types. Using the 2016 Korean Innovation Survey to classify innovation types in the manufacturing industry, we found that innovation activities are concentrated in Seoul, Busan, Incheon, and Chungnam/ Sejong/ Daejeon area, with different deviations by region and industry. The results of the aggregation of industrial innovation activities, weighted by corporate activity by region, show that the level of innovation activity in some manufacturing industries, such as petrochemicals, manufacturing of medical, precision and optical instruments, watches and clocks, is high, but the level of innovation in other sectors within the manufacturing industry is generally low.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.9C
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• pp.861-866
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• 2007

A clustering algorithm for Gaussian Probability Distribution Function (GPDF) data called Centroid Neural Network with a Bhattacharyya Kernel (BK-CNN) is proposed in this paper. The proposed BK-CNN is based on the unsupervised competitive Centroid Neural Network (CNN) and employs a kernel method for data projection. The kernel method adopted in the proposed BK-CNN is used to project data from the low dimensional input feature space into higher dimensional feature space so as the nonlinear problems associated with input space can be solved linearly in the feature space. In order to cluster the GPDF data, the Bhattacharyya kernel is used to measure the distance between two probability distributions for data projection. With the incorporation of the kernel method, the proposed BK-CNN is capable of dealing with nonlinear separation boundaries and can successfully allocate more code vector in the region that GPDF data are densely distributed. When applied to GPDF data in an image classification probleml, the experiment results show that the proposed BK-CNN algorithm gives 1.7%-4.3% improvements in average classification accuracy over other conventional algorithm such as k-means, Self-Organizing Map (SOM) and CNN algorithms with a Bhattacharyya distance, classed as Bk-Means, B-SOM, B-CNN algorithms.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2002

In the present study, a parallel DSCM technique based on a cell-based data structure is developed for the efficient simulation of rarefied gas flows especially od PC clusters. Dynamic load balancing is archieved by decomposing the computational domain into several sub-domains and accounting for the number of particles and the number cells of each domain. Mesh adaptation algorithm is also applied to improve the resolution of the solution and to reduce the grid dependency. It was demonstrated that accurate solutions can be obtained after several levels of mesh adapation starting from a coars initial grid. The method was applied to a two-dimensioanal supersonic leading-edge flow and the axi-symmetric Rothe nozzle flow to validate the efficiency of the present method. It was found that the present method is a very effective tool for the efficient simulation of rarefied gas flow on PC-based parallel machines.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.159-179
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• 2006

This research checked about the necessity for the development of men's dress forms in the first investigation for the educational circle and the men's wear industry. Somatotype characteristics were analyzed in the second investigation of body measurement with the subjects of 200 male adults in their twenties residing in Busan. The following are the results of the present research to develop male dress forms for patternmaking: 1. In the group analysis for the characterization of front body types, three somatotypes were found and named H, Semi X, and Y. In the cluster analysis of side body types, four types were identified: D, I, d, and q. In the combination of front and lateral body types, four kinds were chosen: semi X-I, semi X-q, semi Y-I, and Y-q. 2. Through the comparison of plane figures by the plaster method as well as horizontal and vertical cross sections by the sliding gauge method, semi X-I was finally chosen as the standard somatotype for male dress form development. 3. Compared with the sliding gauge method of the present dress forms, the research dress form reflected better the shapes of the parts of the back and hips and the position of the waist, especially for males in their 20's. In addition, the dress form in the current research had superior points in all the items of clothing evaluation. Based on the above results, the sizes and models of the men's dress forms for patternmaking were developed.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.57-63
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• 2018

IoT devices are used in many areas to perform various roles and functions in a cloud environment. However, a method of access control that can stably control the IoT device has not been proposed yet. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical multi-level property access control scheme that can perform stable access of IoT devices used in a cluster environment. In order to facilitate the access of the IoT device, the proposed method not only provides the ID key (security token) unique to the IoT device by providing the IoT Hub, but also allows the IoT Hub to authenticate the X.509 certificate and the private key, So that the private key of the IoT device can not be seen outside the IoT device. As a result of the performance evaluation, the proposed method improved the authentication accuracy by 10.5% on average and the processing time by 14.3%. The overhead of IoT Hub according to the number of IoT attributes was 9.1% lower than the conventional method.