• 아동학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.15-28
• /
• 2009

Parenting or parenting behaviors has been a key subject during the last three decades. Studies on the parenting mainly focused on either the associations between mothers' parenting and child outcomes or variables predicting parenting behaviors. Regarding child outcomes, social-emotional development of children has been more frequently studied than their cognitive development. Also, the characteristics of parents, children, and contextual environments have received attention in predicting mothers' parenting behaviors. Recently, there have been attempts in identifying the processes that are hypothesized to mediate or moderate the relationships between parenting and developmental outcomes. Furthermore, the studies using longitudinal data have been increased as well. For a future direction, the age-specific and culturally sensitive measures assessing Korean mothers' parenting behaviors are needed. Research efforts and policies should be directed toward supporting parents and their children from diverse backgrounds in the rapidly changing Korean society.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.91-111
• /
• 2001

The present study investigated differences in children's school achievement and emotional and social development by type of after-school care: self-care and mother-care. It also examined relationships between children's developmental outcomes and ecological variables, including individual, familial, and environmental variables by care methods. The data of 330 mother-care and 161 self-care children was provided by teachers, mothers, and the children themselves. The analyses of the data were conducted by t-test, correlation, and regression. Findings were that mother-care children had higher scores in grades, school adjustment and teacher relationship and lower depression and withdrawn behaviors than self-care children; after-school activities and peer support predicted the developmental outcomes of mother-care children; gender, autonomous ability, and behavior control predicted the development of self-care children.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.27-45
• /
• 2014

The present study investigated the developmental pattern of Korean mothers' depressive symptoms from a week prior to birth through four months postpartum in a nationally represented survey sample in Korea, using a Latent Growth Curve model. Mother-reported four factors-maternal self-efficacy in parenting, father's participation in childcare, a number of hours mothers worked per week, child's emotional temperament-were examined as the predictors of depressive symptoms over time in the context of Korean culture. Effects of maternal depressive trajectories on their infants' developmental outcomes at the first year were also examined. Findings were as follows: First, mothers' reports of depressive symptoms decreased at the first month after birth and then increased again during the first 4 months postpartum. Second, mothers' perceived low spousal involvement in childcare, low parental self-efficacy, and their infants' difficult temperament at four-month old had significantly positive relations to the initial level of maternal depressive symptoms whereas the low spousal involvement in childcare and low maternal self-efficacy factors significantly predicted the changes of trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms. Third, the trajectories, in turn, predicted warm and responsive maternal parenting style at the fourth month. Subsequently, the parenting style had a significant longitudinal impact on the development of children's communication, problem-solving, and personal-social abilities. Based on these findings, awareness, preventive and interventional programs might be built to facilitate Korean mothers suffering severe postpartum depressive symptoms and further promote optimal early development of Korean children.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.76-85
• /
• 1998

Rearing is important to the growth and development of the child. Traditionally, nurturing is a maternal role which is expressive role. Maternal role was composed of mothering and maternicity. Rearing is a key concept of psychology, education and sociology discipline. Knowledge of the rearing is an essential component for the development of nursing as a science and a profession. The first thing to study a concept is thought to be a concept analysis. So, in this study, concept analysis of the rearing was performed to clarify a concept of the rearing as a basis for the study of rearing afterward. The approach used for the concept analysis was the approach presented by Walker and Avant (1993). The defining attributes of rearing, identified in this study were (1) a series of caring activities in parent-child relation, (2) an essential of the growth and development of a child, (3) changeable according to time, place and object, (4) effort is necessary to the rearing, (5) positive or negative aspects (6) attitude, behavior, environment is sub-concepts of the rearing concept. The identified antecedents of the rearing was child-birth. The identified consequences of rearing were desirable or undesirable outcomes. Desirable outcome was the emotional satisfaction and growth in parent-child relation. Undesirable outcome was the emotional disorder and social maladaptation of the child. The empirical referents of the rearing could be the caring phenomena in parent-child relation.

• 한국보육지원학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.159-176
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 영유아기 종일제 어린이집 이용 여부에 따라 가족관련 변인이 영유아발달에 가지는 관계성의 강도가 다를 수 있다는 가설을 검증하는 데에 목적이 있다. 한국아동패널연구의 3차년도 및 4차년도 조사자료를 분석하여 종일제 어린이집을 이용(주당 30시간 이상의 어린이집 이용)집단과 어린이집이나 대리양육자를 이용하지 않는 어머니 단독양육 집단을 추출하여, 일련의 가족관련 변인과 영유아의 발달적 결과 간의 관계성의 양상과 그 강도를 비교하였다. 분석방법으로 이변량 상관관계분석을 실시하였으며 두 집단의 상관계수 간의 유의한 차이를 검증하였다. 연구결과, 만2세의 경우 어머니의 사회적 양육유형이 영아의 의사소통을 정적으로 예측하는데 있어 종일제 어린이집을 사용하는 가족에서 그 크기가 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났다. 만 3세 때에는 가정환경검사 중 다수의 하위변인에서 어린이집을 이용하지 않는 가족의 경우, 종일제 어린이집을 이용하는 경우에 비해 유의하게 강한 상관관계로 표현어휘 및 수용어휘 발달을 예측하였다. 즉, 어린이집에서 시간을 보내는 경우, 가정환경 외에 다른 요인이 발달을 예측할 수 있음을 시사한다. 하지만 이들 변인 외에 분석에 사용된 다양한 변인과 영유아 발달 간의 상관관계에 집단차는 발견되지 않아 발달에 기여하는 가족과정이 종일제 어린이집과 어머니 단독양육 집단 간에 유사 또는 차별적이라고 단순히 결론 내릴 수 없고, 발달연령, 가족과정 내의 예측요인, 그리고 발달적 결과에 따라 다소 복잡한 유형으로 차이를 보임을 알 수 있다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.521-526
• /
• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although a lot of effort has been put into increasing fruit and vegetable intakes in preschool children, vegetable intake in this group is still low. This study investigated whether nutrition education focusing on fruit and vegetable intakes can affect preschoolers' fruit and vegetable intakes as well as their behavioral outcomes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Thirty-five preschoolers (54.3% boys, n = 19) aged 4-6 years residing in Seoul underwent weekly nutrition education intervention (8 sessions) between May and July 2016. Intakes of fruits and vegetables were measured during pre and post-intervention. At snack time, fresh fruit (150 g) and vegetable (120 g) snacks were distributed to each child by teachers. The remaining portions of the snacks were weighed and recorded for each child. Behavioral outcomes were measured by applying Child behavior checklist 1.5-5 and the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. RESULTS: During post intervention, vegetable intake increased from $36.15{\pm}30.64g$ to $48.01{\pm}31.23g$ (P = 0.010). Among the emotional and behavioral problems measured by parents, levels of total problems (P = 0.001), internalizing (P = 0.004), externalizing (P = 0.003), anxiety and depression (P = 0.001), and aggressive behavior (P = 0.005) decreased. Anxiety (P = 0.026) score, as measured by teachers, also decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Nutrition education of preschoolers regarding the intakes of fruits and vegetables had a positive effect on preschoolers' vegetable intake as well as on their emotional and behavioral outcomes. A long-term, large-scale study with a broader study design is warranted to further investigate the role of fruit and vegetable intake in cognitive development and behavior of preschoolers.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2011

This study was aimed at developing a scale to evaluate Korean home environments for infants and toddlers for the purpose of being used by teachers caring for infants and toddlers. The subjects of this study were 250 mothers of 0- to 2-year-olds. Mean, SD, $x^2$, Cramer's V, factor analysis, Pearson correlations, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ were calculated in order to analyze the outcomes of this study. As a result, 38 items of the scale were found to be satisfactory in terms of item distribution and item discrimination. Four factors with 21 items were extracted from the factor analysis : 'developmental stimulus', 'responsivity', 'encouragement of verbal interaction', and 'arrangement of daily routines'. Our analysis of the correlation of this scale with SES, HOME, and children's developmental outcomes showed acceptable concurrent validity. Internal consistency of this scale was high. These results identify this scale as a valid and reliable measure of the Korean home environment for infants and toddlers.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2004

This study examines divergent experiences of family leisure from parent, child and family-level perspectives. In particular, emphasis is placed on differences and similarities about family leisure motivation and outcomes of family leisure activities among socioeconomic backgrounds. Questionnaires were completed by 100 families. The results indicate that Korean families mostly participate family leisure activities because of family bonding although this tendency emerges clearly only from parents' and female adolescents' responses. The families evaluate that family leisure activities bring more positive outcomes than negative outcomes to families. Intellectual motivation, family bonding motivation, and relaxation motivation are positively related to positive outcomes while obligation motivation is negatively related to positive outcomes. Further conclusions and implications are discussed.

• 한국보육학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.53-76
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 보육정책이 가진 아동 발달적 기능에 초점을 두고, 돌봄의 유형이 영아의 발달에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 했다. 구체적으로는 돌봄의 유형을 어린이집 돌봄, 가정내 양육으로 구분하고 이를 세분화하여 각 발달영역에 미치는 영향을 비교하고자 하였다. 한국아동패널 1-3차년도 자료를 활용, 발달 영역 별 중다회귀방법으로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어린이집의 이용이 영아의 운동기능 및 언어, 사회성의 모든 발달영역에 미치는 영향이 모두 긍정적으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 어린이집 이용 시기에 따라서 각 발달 영역의 수준이 차이를 보였으며, 마지막으로 어린이집 인증여부는 영아의 사회성 발달 측면에서만 그 차이가 나타났다. 종합해 볼 때, 어린이집 이용이 영아의 발달 수준에 긍정적이라고 하더라도 어린이 평가인증 강화와 같은 서비스 질 제고 방안 역시 여전히 필요해 보인다.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 2015

This study was aimed at examining the paths through which family socioeconomic status as indicated by family income and parental education influenced preschool-aged children's socioemotional and cognitive development through the mediating role of parental warmth and the home learning environment. The study made use of data from 1,080 families who participated in the 5th wave of the Panel Study on Korean Children, when their children were approximately 4 years of age. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that the models, including both parental warmth and the home learning environment did not fit the data well. The effects of warmth on social competence and cognitive development were not statistically significant. The modified models, using the home learning environment as a mediator between family SES and child's developmental outcomes showed that higher level of family income and parental education predicted a more cognitively stimulating home environment, which in turn, predicted a child's greater levels of social competence and positive cognitive development. The social competence of preschool-aged children again significantly predicted their cognitive development. The mediating effects of the home learning environment were statistically supported.