• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1237-1244
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• 2006

In order to ensure a stable supply of grapes for consumers and to extend grape storage, we investigated changes in the quality of grapes (Vitis labruscana) stored after treatment with ethylene absorbent (EA) or activated charcoal (AC). We treated harvested 'Sheridan' and 'Muscat Bailey A' grapes with EA and with 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% (w/w) AC, and stored them at $0{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $90{\pm}2%$ humidity for 60 days. After the EA or AC treatment, the storability of the 'Sheridan' and 'Muscat Bailey A' grapes was increased, as compared with non treatment, and 'Sheridan' kept better than 'Muscat Bailey A'. The quality of the stored grapes maintained with EA or the amount of AC, which decreased the rate of weight loss, abnormal fruit development, berry abscission, saccharinity, and growth of fungi. The free sugar and anthocyanin contents in the pericarp increased gradually in both 'Sheridan' and 'Muscat Bailey A', and increased more in 'Sheridan'. Conversely, the total acidity of 'Sheridan' and 'Muscat Bailey A' decreased with storage, and decreased less in 'Sheridan'. There were no differences in the free sugar content, anthocyanin content, and total acidity among treatments. The changes in grape quality with storage were delayed in the order of EA, 2% AC, 1% AC, 0.5% AC, and 0.1% AC. Ultimately, we postulate that EA and 2% AC best maintain the qualities of grape, and extend the grape storage period.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.343-358
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• 2013

Objectives This study aimed to observe the effect of Hyangsayangwi-tang on the cisplatin-induced gastrointestinal dysfunctions in rats. Methods Four groups(each of 8 rats per group) were used in this study. Saline and distilled water treated control rats are Intact vehicle control group. Delayed gatrointestinal mortility was induced by intraperitoneal treatment of cisplatin 2mg/kg, once a week for 5 weeks(Cisplatin control group). Hyangsayangwi-tang aqueous extracts(HY) were orally administered in a volume of 5ml/kg, once a day for 14 days from 4th ciplatin treatmernt(HY group). Ondansetron 1mg/kg was subcutaneously treated, in a volume of 1ml/kg, as same as HY(ondansetron group). We measured the body weights, intestinal charcoal transit ratio, fecal parameters, fundus MDA, GSH contents and SOD, CAT activities, TPH and MAO activities, pyloric gastrin and serotonin contents with their immunoraective cells, colonic serotonin-immunoreactive cells, the histopathology of pylorus, fundus mucosa and colon. Results and Conclusions (1) The body weight gains, the small intestinal charcoal transfer rates, the fecal parameters(numbers, weights and water contents) were increased in HY, ondansetron group. (2) The inhibit of fundus antioxidant defense systems by cisplatin were decreased in HY, ondansetron group. (3) The pyloric TPH activities were increased and the pyloric MAO activities were decreased in HY group. (4) The pyloric gastric contents and the gastrin-immunoreactive cells were increased in HY group. And the pyloric serotonin contents and the pyloric and colonic serotonin-immunoreactive cells were decreased in HY group. (5) The pyloru atrophic changes and the gastric surface erosive damage regions by cisplatin were favorably inhibited by treatment of HY. HY, a representative Soeumin prescription improve GI dysfunctions and constipation retarded by cisplatin through modulations of GI enterochromaffin cells, serotonin and gastrin-producing cells and antioxidative systems. Especially HY showed the highest favorable effects more than those of ondansetron.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.380-393
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the lift-style and eating behavior of stomach cancer patients in the Daegu and Kyungpook area, and to collect basic data for nutrition education designed to prevent stomach cancer in this community. The subjects of the study were 102 patients who were recently diagnosed as having stomach cancer at the Kyungpook National University Hospital. The control subjects were 105 persons who did not have any gastrointestinal disease, and included patients from the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and healthy volunteers. The survey, which covered the personal characteristics and eating behavior of the subjects, was conducted by individual interviews using questionnaires. It was found that the stomach cancer patients (case group) had experienced a significantly higher level of stress in their daily lives than the control group. A significantly higher proportion of the case group subjects recognized their personality as pessimistic, and had family histories of cancer, compared with the control group subjects. The cancer patients had higher preferences for salty and hot tasting foods, and tended to ingest meals faster without enough chewing, compared with the control subjects. The level of nutritional knowledge of the case group was lower than the control group, and there was a positive correlation between subjects' nutritional knowledge scores and nutritional attitude scores. Subjects' estimates of their food intake frequencies during the decade before the cancer was diagnosed revealed that the case group consumed significantly higher amounts of pickled fish, soybean paste soup and stew, cooked vegetables, beef and pork, charcoal broiled meat and alcohol, while consuming significantly lower amounts of green tea than the control group. In summary, the results of the study suggest that the stress of daily life, a family history of cancer, and a pessimistic personality might be the risk factors for the development of stomach cancer. Dietary factors which were suspected as risk factors for stomach cancer in the present study included strong preferences to salty and hot lasting foods, poor eating habits, and frequent consumption of pickled fish, soybean paste soup, cooked vegetables, beef and pork, charcoal broiled meat and alcohol. A high consumption of green tea seemed to be a protective factor against stomach cancer. The results of the study appear to provide useful data for nutritional education focussed on the prevention on stomach rancor in local residents.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.77-77
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• 1999

담배용 필터에 사용되고 있는 재료는 아세테이트, 종이, 폴리프로펼렌, 부직포등이 주로 이용되고 있으 며 담배연기의 흡착능을 향상시키기 위한 방법으로 활성탄 제오라이트와 같은 흡착제를 담배필터에 첨가하여 사용하고 있다. 본 실험에서는 펼터에 가장 보편적으로 많이 사용하고 있는 활성탄을 종이 제조과정에 첨가하여 나타나는 물리적 특성을 관찰하였고 제조된 종이를 담배필터에 적용하기 위하여 현행 습식 크림핑(crimping)방법과는 달리 건식 크림핑(crimping)방법을 이용한 적합한 조건을 검토하 였으며 이에 따른 담배필터에서의 연기흡착능을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 시트의 물리적 특성과 담배 연기성분 홉착능을 예측하기 위하여 펄프의 불성과 uv 홉착능을 분 석한 결과 Sw-BKP가 Hw-BKP에 비하여 강도적 성질이 우수하였고 또한 메틸렌불루(methylene b blue) 흡착능도 높은 경 향을 나타내 었다. 2. 활성탄 함량의 증가에 따라 섬유간의 결합력이 약화됨에 따라서 시트의 인장강도 및 파열강도가 감 소하는 경향이 가장 크게 나타났으며 평량이 펼프 배합비보다 높은 인자로 작용하였다. 또한 인자 간의 교호작용에서는 평량과 활성탄 함량에 따라서 크게 나타났으며 평량, Sw-BKP의 함량이 증가할 수록 인장강도는 증가하였다. 3. Stiffness는 활성탄 함량 펄프 배합비 평량의 순에따라 중요한 인자로 작용하였고 활성탄 함량 이 많을수록 stiffness는 감소하였으며 평 량 Sw-BKP의 함량이 높을수록 증가하였다 인자간의 교 호작용은 평량과 활성탄 함량이 다른 요인에 비하여 높은 경향을 보였다. 4. 인열강도는 활성탄 함량이 증가함에 따라 가장 크게 감소하였고 시트의 평량이 펄프 배합비보다 높은 인자로 작용하였으며 평 량 Sw-BKP의 함량이 높을수록 증가하였다 인자간의 교호작용에서는 펄프 배합비와 활성탄 함량에 따라 크게 나타났다. 5. 종이 필터지에서 시트의 평량이 bulk에 가장 큰 인자로 작용하였는데 이는 같은 두께에서 평량올 변화시킨 요인으로 판단되며 시트의 평량이 높을수록 감소하였고 활성탄 함량, Sw-BKP의 배합비 가 높을수록 증가하였다. 또한, 인자간의 교호작용은 평 량과 활성 탄 함량에 따라 크게 작용하였다. 6 6. Crimp index는 관능검사 결과로서 활성탄 함량이 증가함에 따라 현저하게 저하되었으며 평량 및 S Sw-BKP의 배합비가 높을수록 양호한 결과를 나타내었다. 인자간의 교호작용에서는 평량과 펄프 배합비에 따라 가장 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 7 활성탄을 첨가하여 제조한 종이필터의 담배 연기성분 흡착능은 acetate tow에 charcoal을 첨가한 필터에 비하여 tar흡착능이 6% 이상 향상되었고, 특히 증기상 물질(vapour phase)중 aldehyde류에 대한 제거율(removal efficiency)이 높게 나타났다. 8. 건식 크림핑 방법에 의한 담배필터 제조시 펼프의 홉착능, 시트의 강도적 특성, 크림핑 조건 및 담 배 연기성분 흡착능 등을 고려하여 적정조건을 선정하였으며, 펄프 배합비(Sw-BKP따w-BKP)는 6 65/35, 시트의 평량은 40g/$m^2$ 활성탄 함량은 10% 이었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.448-453
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• 2017

This study was carried out to find culture materials (explant parts) and medium components (medium type, sucrose and $NaH_2PO_4$ concentration) for in vitro propagation of Osmunda cinnamomea var. forkiensis sporophyte. The results of study: chopped segments of leaf blades, stipes, rhizomes and roots were cultured on a 1/2MS medium supplemented with 0.1% activated charcoal. Among these explant types, only the rhizome segments produced young sporophyte, regenerating vigorously on a 1/8MS medium. Adjusting the sucrose concentration to 2% and supplement to $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;NaH_2PO_4$ in the 1/8MS medium proved to be more efficient for plant regeneration. Consequently, the addition of 0.1% activated charcoal to a modified 1/8MS medium (2% sucrose, $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;NaH_2PO_4$, pH 5.8 and 0.8% agar) yielded the highest sporophyte regeneration.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.147-151
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• 2009

Purpose: 2-[$^{18}F$]Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([$^{18}F$]FDG) particularly plays as a important role in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging in nuclear medicine. Domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizers are installed in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH) at June 2008, these modules were known that it's synthetic yields were guaranteed in average $45{\pm}5%$ so far. To improve yields and convenience of domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizer, numerous trials in reaction time, base concentration, pressure and temperature were performed to increase [$^{18}F$]FDG yields. Materials and Methods: Several synthetic factors (temperature, time and pressure) and shortcoming were corrected based on many evaporation test. Syringe dispensing of tetra-butylammonium bicarbonate (TBAB) was replaced with micro pipette to prepare tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride salt ([$^{18}F$]TBAF). Troublesome refill of liquid nitrogen every 2 hours which was used to protect vacuum system was changed to charcoal cartridge, base guard filter. To monitor the volume of delivered $[^{18}O]OH_2$ from cyclotron by surveillance camera, we set up the volumetric vial on the cover of the module. In addition to, the recovery vial was added in [$^{18}F$]FDG production system to recover [$^{18}F$]FDG loss due to the leak of valve ($V_{13,14}$) in [$^{18}F$]FDG purification process. Results: When we used micro pipette for adding TBAB ($30\;{\mu}L$ in 12% $H_2O$ in acetonitrile), this quantitative dispensation has enabled to improve $5.5{\pm}1.7%$ residual fluorine-18 activity in fluorine separation cartridge compared to syringe adding. Besides, the synthetic yields of [$^{18}F$]FDG has increased $58{\pm}2.6%$ (n=19), $58{\pm}2.9%$ (n=14), $60%{\pm}2.5%$ (n=17) for 3 months. The life cycle of charcoal cartridge and base vacuum was 3 months prior to filling liquid nitrogen every 2 hours and additional side separator can prevent pump corrosion by organic solvent. After setting of volumetric indicator vial, the operator can easily monitor the total volume of irradiated $[^{18}O]OH_2$ from cyclotron. The recovery vial can be used for the stabilizer when an irregular [$^{18}F$]FDG loss was generated by the leak of valves ($V_{13,14}$). Conclusions: We has optimized appropriate synthetic conditions (temperature, time, pressure) in domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizer. In addition to, the remodeling with several accessories improve yields of domestic [$^{18}F$]FDG auto synthesizer with reliable reproducibility.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.1133-1140
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to determine the most efficient method of removing sulfur dioxide from traditional herbal medicine (hanyak) by slow boiling using a traditional pipkin and an electronic slow boiler. By boiling a hanyak batch containing] 56.4ppm of sulfur dioxide for one hour using a traditional pipkin, 96.7 percent of the sulfur dioxide was removed, while two hours of slow boiling removed ]00 percent. Among different cover materials placed over the pipkin during the slow boiling process including the traditional Korean paper (hanji), regular hanji, filter paper and regular paper, the traditional hanji produced the best performance of sulfur dioxide removal. The initial pH level of the traditional hanji was] 0.03. After one hour of slow boiling hanyak batches in a traditional pipkin covered with traditional hanji, where each batch contained sulfur dioxide of 48ppm, 193ppm, 753ppm and 1,506ppm respectively, the pH level of the hanji cover material was reduced to 9.37, 9.14, 8.9 and 8.03 in respective cases. Our experiment using an electronic medicine slow boiler showed 82.8 percent removal of sulfur dioxide after one hour of slow boiling a hanyak batch containing 753ppm of sulfur dioxide. When hanyak batches were boiled by placing traditional hanji, filter paper, active carbon and hardwood charcoal separately in the middle area within the electronic slow boiler, the sulfur dioxide removal rate was 73.6 percent, 72.8 percent, 73.9 percent and 69.5 percent, respectively. When charcoal was added so as to remove toxic materials from the hanyak, its presence impeded the sulfur dioxide flow and thus reduced the removal efficiency contrary to our anticipation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.3 s.160
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• pp.135-145
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to reveal the component characteristics and the channels of distribution for forest products as a fuel that were consumed in Kyeongseong city (Seoul) in 1929, in the middle of the colonial period. The summary of the results are as follows; (1) though the average consumption of forest products consumed as a fuel per household in Kyeongseong city was slightly less than one-third as much forest products as fuel consumed in other counties of Kyeongki province, but due to the high heat capacity, the amount of fuelwood and charcoal consumption was much higher than leaf and grass consumption; (2) the largest supply areas of forest products for fuel were the riverside of Kangwon province and Kyeonggi province in which the waterways were available. They supplied 42.6% of total consumption, and the other supply areas were the northern part of Kyeonggi province, etc. (29.5%) where railroads were handy, and the suburbs of Kyeongseong City (27.9%) by roads; (3) the transportation areas using the Han River were divided into two parts of Ttook island (43.0%) and former Yongsan and Mapo (45.6%), but the volume of transportation by railroad was centralized in Kyeongseong Station, which accounted for 72.2% of total volume of transportation by rail; (4) the most of the forest products consumed for fuel in Kyeongseoung city were sold in temporary fuelwood markets, rather than permanent and regular markets.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2015

Calanthe striata f. sieboldii Decne. ex Regel is a terrestrial orchid with beautiful flowers arranged in racemose inflorescences. This species is threatened due to over-collection and loss of suitable habitats. Asymbiotic germination is useful in the conservation efforts to re-establish plants in the wild, and for commercial propagation. In this study, we investigate the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), three types of culture media (Phytomax Orchid Maintenance - POM, Seed Germination Maintenance - SGM, and Murashige and Skoog 1962 - MS), and plant growth regulators on embryo swelling, protocorm formation, and embryo diameter of C. striata f. sieboldii. Treatment with 1% NaOCl for 30 min greatly enhanced embryo swelling (28.3%), embryo diameter ($205.8{\mu}m$), and embryo protocorm formation (54.8%) compared to seeds without NaOCl treatment (embryo swelling 8.5%, embryo diameter $14.6{\mu}m$, and protocorm formation 13.4%) on POM medium. Protocorm formation on POM medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L N6-benzyladenine (BA) (95.6%) was better than the control (54.5%). Additionally, the effects of activated charcoal (AC) and sucrose on seedling growth in in vitro culture were examined. The protocorm converted into healthy plants with well-developed shoot primordia on the POM medium with AC and sucrose. The most suitable conditions for seedling growth after 10 weeks of culture were the POM medium with AC or sucrose. These results show effective asymbiotic seed germination and in vitro seedling growth of C. striata f. sieboldii.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.208-223
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of diffusive(or passive) sampler in measuring airbone organic solvents. Diffusive samplers are generally simple in construction and do not require power for operation. The efficiency of the diffusive samplers has not sufficiently been investigated in Korea. Three types of samplers were studied in this study. The sampling and analytical results by passive samplers were compared with results by charcoal tube method recommended by NIOSH(National Institute for Occupational Safty and Health). The following characteristics are identified and studied as critical to the performance passive monitors; recovery, reverse diffusion, storage stability, accuracy and precision, face velocity and humidity, n-Hexane, TCE(trichloroethylene) and toluene were used as test vapors. A dynamic vapor exposure system consisting of organic vapor generator and sampling chamber for evaluating diffusive samplers are made. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. NIOSH recommands that the overall accuracy of a sampling method in the range of 0.5 to 2.0 times the occupational health standard should be ${\pm}25$ percent for 95 percent confidence level. Among three types of diffusive samplers, sampler A has permeation membrane and samplers Band C have diffusive areas, samplers A and B met the criterion that overall accuracy for 95% confidence level of the samplers were within ${\pm}25$ percent of the reference value. Sampler C had overall accuracy ${\pm}9.6%$ and ${\pm}11.8%$ in hexane and TCE, respectively. The concentration of toluene was overestimated in sampler C with overall accuracy of ${\pm}43.9%$. 2. The desorption efficiencies of diffusive samplers were 96-107%. 3. There was no significant sampe loss during four weeks of storage both with and without refrigeration. 4. There was no significant reverse diffusion, when the samplers were exposure to clean air for 2 hours after sampling for 2 hours at the level of 2 TLY. 5. In case of 8 hours sampling, relative differences(RD) of concentrations between charcoal tube method and diffusive method were 15-39%, 13-46%, and 4-35% for sampler A, B and C, respectively. The performance was poor in 8 hours sampling for multiple substance monitors. 6. At high velocity(100 cm/sec), samplers B and C overestimated the concentrations of organic vapors, and sampler A with permeation membrance gave better results. 7. At 80% relative humidity, samplers showed no siginificant effect. Low humidity also did not affect the diffusive samplers.