• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.681-690
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether nutrition counseling could lead to a beneficial outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease(CVD). Fifty CVD patients(23 men and 27 women) participated in a dietary counseling program which was based on serum lipid management. Various markers of disease risk including lifestyles, anthropometric indices, eating behaviors, serum lipids, antioxidants, lipid peroxides were measured before and after the program. The program lasted 3-11 months depending on individuals. Waist/hip ratio decreased after nutrition counseling only in women. Smoking and alcohol drinking status did not change significantly after counseling. Food habit score increased significantly in both men and women(p<0.05), and patients consumed mixed cereal rice, fruits, seaweeds, legumes more frequently and snacks less frequently after nutrition counseling (p<0.05). Although intakes of energy, carbohydrate and vitamin B1 were reduced significantly after nutrition counseling, nutrient densities of calcium and iron of diets have increased significantly after nutrition counseling, and those of other micronutrients were not different Serum total cholesterol decreased significantly in men and LDL cholesterol decreased significantly in women. In women lipid peroxide level decreased and $\alpha$-tocopherol level increased significantly, while there was no significantly change in men. We conclude that well-planned nutrition counseling would reduce risks of cardiovascular disease through improving dietary behavior, lipid profile and antioxidant status.

• Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.536-543
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• 2018

Culture forms an integral aspect of environmental factors which influences disease presentation and clinical outcomes in functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). In this review, the role of culture in FGIDs in the East is briefly explored with regards to symptom presentation and diagnostic issues, lifestyle and cultural habits, epidemiology, and healthcare seeking behavior. In both functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome, symptom presentation and disease sub-typing in Asians are known to differ from their Western counterparts, possibly relating to cultural dietary practices and from cultural perception of symptoms. Dietary patterns, together with defecating practices are explored as factors contributing to a lower prevalence of constipation in the East. An urban-rural difference in the prevalence of FGIDs in Asia is attributed to a change in dietary patterns in rapidly developing urban communities, together with an increased level of psychological morbidity. Lastly, cultural attitudes towards traditional/local remedies, variation in healthcare systems, anxiety regarding organic disease, and religious practices have been shown to influence healthcare seeking behavior among FGID patients in the East.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.415-424
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Existing evidence on lifestyle modification programs for weight loss is limited by the high attrition rate of such programs. Identifying predictors of adherence to a lifestyle modification program could result in program improvement. However, little is known about behavior-specific adherence and its psychological predictors. This study aimed to examine the psychological predictors of adherence after one-month participation in a community-based lifestyle modification program among Chinese overweight and obese adults in Hong Kong. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 205 Chinese overweight and obese adults aged $38.9{\pm}10.5years$ completed the study. Data were collected at baseline and after one month using self-reported questionnaires, which assessed knowledge (self-developed scale), motivation (Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire), stage of change (Stage of Exercise Scale) and self-efficacy (Self-Rated Abilities for Health Practices Scale). At one month, a 4-day dietary recall and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form were used to assess dietary and physical activity (PA) adherence. Food and PA diaries were examined to indicate self-monitoring. Program attendance was tracked between baseline and one-month follow-up. RESULTS: After one month, participants reported high dietary adherence, attendance, and adherence to self-monitoring but low PA adherence. Multiple regression analyses suggested that diet self-efficacy (baseline) and nutrition knowledge (one-month change) were independent predictors of dietary adherence score at one month, whereas autonomous PA motivation (baseline) and PA self-efficacy (both baseline and one-month change) were independent predictors of PA adherence score at one month. No significant psychological predictor was identified for attendance or self-monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the effect of psychological factors on adherence differs between diet and PA adherence outcomes. To promote adherence, practitioners should assess self-efficacy, knowledge, and motivation at the beginning of a weight-loss program and explore behavior-specific strategies to improve knowledge and self-efficacy. The results of this study have direct implications for program improvements.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.488-500
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• 2019

서울시에 거주하는 여대생 68명을 대상으로 본 연구에서는 모바일 앱 기반 당류 저감화 프로그램을 개발한 후, 개발된 프로그램을 활용하여 당류 저감화 행동변화단계에 따른 중재효과를 분석 비교하였다. 하루 간식섭취횟수, 당류교육경험여부, 단맛에 대한 기호도에서 행동변화단계에 따른 유의한 차이가 있었다. 당류에 관한 영양 지식 점수는 프로그램 중재 전에 행동 유지단계 대상자들이 고려전단계 대상자들에 비해 영양 지식 점수가 유의하게 높았으며 프로그램 중재 후에는 고려전단계와 고려 준비단계에서 영양 지식 점수가 유의적으로 상승하였고, 행동 유지단계도 점수가 상승하였지만 유의적이지는 않았다. 당류 섭취에 관한 식행동 점수는 프로그램 중재 전 행동 유지단계 대상자들이 고려전단계 대상자들에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며, 행동 유지단계 대상자들의 점수가 모든 식행동 항목에서 가장 높았다. 연구 결과 프로그램 중재 후 모든 행동변화단계에서 당류 섭취에 관한 식행동 점수는 유의적으로 상승하였다. 프로그램 중재 전 당류 섭취빈도는 음료류 중 '탄산음료', '과실주스'에서 고려 준비단계와 행동 유지단계에 따른 차이가 유의적이었고, 우유 및 유제품, 아이스크림 제품류 중 '액상 요구르트'는 고려전단계와 행동 유지단계에서 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 행동 유지 단계에서는 '비스킷'과 '단맛씨리얼'을 제외한 모든 항목의 섭취 빈도가 고려전단계, 고려 준비단계와 비교하여 가장 낮았다. 프로그램 중재 후에는 고려전단계에서 '초콜릿', '머핀케익류', '액상 요구르트'의 섭취 빈도가 유의적으로 감소하였고, 고려 준비단계에서는 '비스킷', '탄산음료', '과실주스', '가공우유'의 섭취 빈도가 유의적으로 감소하였다. 행동 유지단계 대상자들에서는 대부분의 항목에서 섭취 빈도가 감소하였지만 유의한 개선은 없었다. 당류 저감화를 실천하는 행동 유지단계 대상자들에 비해 고려전, 고려준비 단계 대상자들은 영양지식, 식행동, 섭취빈도가 바람직하지 않은 방향이었으나 모바일 앱 기반 당류 저감화 프로그램에 의해 고려전, 고려준비단계에서 영양지식, 식행동, 섭취빈도가 개선되었다. 당류에 관한 쉽고 정확한 교육정보를 제공함과 동시에 사용자 스스로 식이모니터링을 할 수 있도록 고안된 본 연구의 모바일 앱 기반 당류 저감화 프로그램은 고려전, 고려준비단계에 있는 대상자들의 당류 저감화 효과를 창출할 수 있는 효과적인 교육 도구이다. 본 프로그램은 시간과 장소에 구애받지 않고 사용 가능하므로 당류 교육 참여가 어려운 청년층을 위해 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 또한 여러 연령층으로 확대가 가능하며 행동변화단계별로 세분화하여 적용한다면 당류 섭취 저감화에 효과적으로 기여 할 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구의 앱 기반 당류 저감화 프로그램에 건강 플랫폼에서 활용하고 있는 게이미피케이션 (gamification) 기법을 사용하여 흥미가 추가되도록 보완하면, 수용성 및 지속가능성이 더욱 증가할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.235-246
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• 2011

From the onset of puberty or during its progress, eating and health behaviors are important in establishing optimum growth and healthy fitness in middle school students. This study investigated the dietary and health behavior of first grade middle school students(male 260, female 255) selected from 3 middle schools in Suwon. Results were analyzed using the statistical program(SAS ver. 8.1). Usual dietary habits were scored by the Likert scale of 5 points and obtained the mean and standard deviation. Obtaining significant gender difference, chi-square and student t-test were also done. Daily breakfast intake was 70% of all students but some of them ate alone(27.3%). The amount of food intake was slightly less(34.8%) but sufficient food for dinner(53.2%). The purpose of each meal was solving hunger(57.4%). However, they want to change their current eating habits because of an unbalanced diet. Usual dietary habits were similar in gender, but 'apply nutrition knowledge' and 'consider food combination' were better in female students (p<0.01), 'regular meals' were higher in males(p<0.01). With respect to health behavior, the subjects went for daily walks for less than an hour(39.9%) and got 7-8 hours of sleep per day(33.8%). The amount of sleep was sufficient(22.6%) in males but in insufficient (33.8%) in female students(p<0.01). Weight control efforts for reducing(female 27.5% male 20.8%) and for increasing(male 10.6%) differed according to gender(p<0.01). As the result of the above analyses, the direction of nutrition education would be oriented to the nutrition knowledge and food combination applying to the diets of male students and regular meals for females. And also sleep dissatisfaction needs to be altered with taking care weight control trials.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.793-802
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• 2023

The aim of this study analyzed changes in dietary habits and lifestyles before and after COVID-19 targeting adolescents, using the food consumption behavior survey (2019 vs 2021). In the change in health-related factors, height decreased overall, and a significant difference was especially evident in males. Awareness that functional foods and eco-friendly foods contribute to health has increased. Among the results of dietary behavior, the frequency of skipping breakfast showed that the rate of not skipping breakfast and the rate of skipping breakfast more than 5 times increased at the same time(p=0.019). The rate of eating out decreased significantly after COVID-19, and it was analyzed that schools and school cafeteria, as well as Street carts or restaurants and academy, all increased significantly as places where snacks were not consumed. In order to analyze changes in food-related lifestyle, it was grouped into convenience-seeking, quality/safety-seeking, taste-seeking, and health/safety-seeking. 'Small packaged or pre-processed products' decreased. On the other hand, items such as 'Safety rather than price when choosing food' and 'Don't eat food that could go bad' improved. 'Tend to eat regularly' was higher than 2021 compared to 2019. Also 'Tend to purchase HACCP and GAP-certified products' are increased. Because of COVID-19 changes in lifestyle have affected the diet of adolescents. The results of this study suggest that it can be used as a guideline establishment and nutrition counseling material for the formation of correct eating habits for adolescents in the future pandemic era.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.132-145
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• 2022

Objectives: This study examined trends in the health status and dietary behavior changes by region using the raw data from the 2008 ~ 2019 Community Health Survey. Methods: This study analyzed the data of 2,738,572 people among the raw data of the Community Health Survey from 2008 to 2019. The regional differences in health status and dietary behavior were examined by classifying the regions into capital and non-capital regions, and the non-capital regions were classified into metropolitan cities and provinces. A chi-square test was conducted on the body mass index (BMI), diagnosis of diabetes and hypertension, frequency of eating breakfast, salty taste in usual diet, recognition of nutrition labeling, reading of nutrition labeling, and utilization of nutrition labeling. Results: In determining obesity using the BMI, the normal weight by year decreased, and the obesity rate by year was 34.6% in 2019, which increased by 13% compared to 2008. In addition, the diabetes diagnosis rate and hypertension diagnosis rate continued to increase with the year. Both diabetes and hypertension diagnosis rates were higher in the non-capital regions than in the capital region. Eating breakfast five to seven times per week was most common and showed a significant decreasing trend by year (P < 0.001). The percentage of respondents who said they eat slightly bland foods increased from 19.5% in 2008 to 19.9% in 2010 and then to 22.1% in 2013. The percentage then decreased to 19.9% in 2019, but showed an overall increasing trend (P < 0.001). According to the region, the capital region had a higher percentage than the non-capital region. The nutrition labeling's recognition rate and utilization rate increased yearly, whereas the reading rate decreased. Conclusions: The study results presented the primary data necessary to develop nutrition education programs and establish strategies for local nutrition management projects to improve disease prevention and dietary problems.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.13-30
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• 2023

This study investigates the effect of working hours on the dietary behaviors and dietary quality of male industrial workers employed in rotating shifts. The survey was conducted from February to March 2022, enrolling 209 male workers operating in rotational shifts at industries in the Chungcheongnam-do region. Eating behavior and health awareness were investigated during the morning shift, afternoon shift, and night shift for the same subjects. The shift timings were found to be associated with dietary behavior, which had an impact on the dietary quality of workers. Negative effects of shift timings on diet and health were also perceived by the shift workers. The frequency of alcohol consumption was high during the morning shift, and the frequency of night time snack intake was high during the afternoon shift. During the night shift, there was decreased vegetable intake and increased ramyeon intake. Compared to the morning shift, a significant decrease in dietary quality scores was found during the night shift. The workers recognized that rotating shift work negatively affected health, eating habits and sleep. There was a high demand for providing a variety of menus and healthy night snacks in the company cafeteria. When nutritional counseling and educational health services were provided, the willingness to participate was high. Therefore, to improve the health and dietary quality of shift workers, there is a need to provide diets suitable for the working environment and the characteristics, and to provide nutrition management services.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1015-1021
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• 1995

This study was conducted to evaluate changes in nutritional knowledge, attitudes, behavior intention and behavior in a sample of 27 insulin dependent diabetic students participating in diabetics' camp. Nutritional knowledge related to diabetes, attitudes toward diabetes treatment and behavior intention about dietary changes were tested before and after nutrition education. Six months after nutrition education, an open ended questionnaire about their actual behavior changes was mailed to all participants and 17 of them responded. Pre-and post-testing showed that nutrition education was effective in significant changes in knowledge and in promoting positive attitudes and behavior intention. Increases of knowledge were consistently the same regardless of sex, level of education, regularity of diet, and duration of disease. Compared to male students, female students showed more positive change in knowledge, attitudes and behavior intention. It also appeared that middle school students showed more positive improvement in knowledge, attitudes and behavior than elementary and high school students. A follow-up test showed that their actual behavior changes were not squared with their behavior intention. They pointed out difficulties in having proper amount of meals and snack and the conflict with school time schedule as the major reason for discordance. These findings suggest that nutrition education for diabetics can be effective to improve their knowledge, attitudes and behavior intention and understanding about barriers to behavior change is important for better compliance to the disease.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.299-310
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• 2011

To establish good dietary behavior for middle school students, this study was conducted to analyze the needs of nutrition education and eating attitudes of 373 middle school students(boys 171, girls 202) in Hwaseong city. Using questionnaires, results were gathered and analyzed. Dietary behavior, food group intake and the needs of nutrition education were scored by a five-point Likert scale. Chi-square and student t-test were done for significant gender difference. The correlation between the needs of nutrition education with dietary behavior and food group intake was obtained by Pearson's r. The dietary attitude of 'try to eat first' and 'eating fast' were higher score in boys than in girls(p<0.05). Most of the students thought they didn't have any nutritional problems(71.8%). Nutrition education was considered necessary(54.9%) for proper growth and development(53.0%) in middle school. But 45.1% of students did not suggest by the reasons of 'short time to change'(28.2%), 'more effective in home'(27.4%). The appropriate time of nutrition education was pre-school(28.2%) or elementary school(27.4%), once a week(boys 51%, girls 71.3%) in frequency(p<0.001), and the information acquired by TV/Radio(30.0%) and internet(26.6%). Students(46.0%) wanted to know about 'growth and nutrition'. They were to learn information on the 'healthy growth'(4.10) and 'adolescent nutrition'(4.03). The vegetables group consumption and the thought of dietary attitude 'try to modify bad eating habits' were correlated with almost all categories of desired nutrition education. Through these results, good eating habits would be attained by nutrition education. A nutrition education program would require an expert teacher for middle school students.