• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2011

Many patients assume that allergic reactions against foods are responsible for triggering or worsening their allergic symptoms. Therefore, it is important to identify patients who would benefit from an elimination diet, while avoiding unnecessary dietary restrictions. The diagnosis of food allergy depends on the thorough review of the patients's medical history, results of supplemented trials of dietary elimination, and in vivo and in vitro tests for measuring specific IgE levels. However, in some cases the reliability of such procedures is suboptimal. Oral food challenges are procedures employed for making an accurate diagnosis of immediate and occasionally delayed adverse reactions to foods. The timing and type of the challenge, preparation of patients, foods to be tested, and dosing schedule should be determined on the basis of the patient's history, age, and experience. Although double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges(DBPCFC) are used to establish definitively if a food is the cause of adverse reactions, they are time-consuming, expensive and troublesome for physician and patients. In practice, An open challenge controlled by trained personnel is sufficient especially in infants and young children. The interpretation of the results and follow-up after a challenge are also important. Since theses challenges are relatively safe and informative, controlled oral food challenges could become the measure of choice in children.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.489-499
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• 2016

Green shoot cuttings of 10 different grapevine species were inoculated with Agrobacterium vitis to find disease-related metabolites in the grapevine. Crown galls formed 60 days after inoculation varied in gall severity (GS) evaluated by gall incidence (GI) and gall diameter (GD), which were classified into three response types as RR (low GI and small GD), SR (high GI and small GD), and SS (high GI and large GD), corresponding to resistant, moderately resistant, and susceptible responses, respectively. In this, 4, 4, and 2 Vitis species were classified into RR, SR, and SS, respectively. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the grapevine stem metabolites with A. vitis infection showed 134 metabolites in various compound classes critically occurred, which were differentially clustered with the response types by the principal component analysis. Multivariate analysis of the metabolite profile revealed that 11 metabolites increased significantly in relation to the response types, mostly at post-inoculation stages, more prevalently (8 metabolites) at two days after inoculation than other stages, and more related to SS (7 metabolites) than RR (3 metabolites) or SR (one metabolite). This suggests most of the disease-related metabolites may be rarely pre-existing but mostly induced by pathogen infection largely for facilitating gall development except stilbene compound resveratrol, a phytoalexin that may be involved in the resistance response. All of these aspects may be used for the selection of resistant grapevine cultivars and their rootstocks for the control of the crown gall disease of the grapevine.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the meal quality and dietary behaviors of low-income family children by qualitative method. The subjects were 12 children(2 boys and 10 girls) aged 7 to 11, enrolled in an after-school care center in Kimpo, Gyeonggi province. Most of their mothers had jobs(83.3%) and 75% were the beneficiaries of a government assistance program. When compared using body mass index(BMI) percentile, 16.7% of the subjects were classified as being overweight. The food intake patterns and meal qualities were evaluated from dietary records for three non-consecutive days. The mean dietary diversity score(DDS) was 3.8, suggesting at least one food group was deficit. Only 8.3% of the records indicated a satisfactory intake of all five food groups, and fruit was the most deficit food group(58.3%). Also, the proportion of balanced of meals was low, especially breakfast(36%), in that main dish(the source of protein) was not included. The children had problematic eating behaviors, such as an unbalanced diet, eating meals in a hurry, skipping breakfast, and irregular meal times. They answered that they liked to eat simple meals and convenient foods. In conclusion, nutrition education should incorporate strategies to reach families and help with meal planning and management, as well as modifying the eating behaviors of children, in order to improve nutritional status.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2017

This paper was to evaluate social enterprises' management efficiency with Data Envelope Analysis (DEA). The data was based on the 168 social enterprises' of annual performance reports published in 2015. The research focused on to measure both financial efficiency and social impact of the companies simultaneously. To apply DEA, the paper classified the enterprises into seven types based on types of socal impacts which each company provides before the estimation of the efficiency. The research results showed that group D, which employes disadvantaged people, provides social services and shares resources was the most efficient group and had higest net worths in Pure Technical Efficiency. In contrast, Group B, which only employs social advantage people and provides social service, was the least efficient one. The research suggests a practical and efficient framework in measuring social enterprises' management efficiency, including both the financial performance and social impacts simultaneously with their self-publishing reports. Because the Korea Social Enterprise Promotion Agency does not open business reports which social enterprises submit each year, there are basic limitations on researchers attempting to analyse with data from all social enterprises in Korea. Thus, this study dealt with only 10% of the social enterprises which self-published their performance report on the Korea Social Enterprise Promotion Agency's web site. Regardless of these limitations, this study suggested substantial methods to estimate management efficiency with the self-published reports. Because self-publishing is increasing each year, it will be the main source of information for researchers in examining and evaluating social enterprises' financial performance or social contribution. The research suggests a practical and efficient framework in measuring social enterprises' management efficiency, including both the financial performance and social impacts simultaneously with their self-publishing reports. The research results suggest not only list of efficient enterprises but also methods of improvement for less efficient enterprises.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.683-696
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• 2013

Recent inundation damage has frequently occurred due to heavy rainfall in urban area, because rainfall has locally occurred exceeding the capability of a flood control plan by the exiting design rainfall from the data of Seoul weather station. Accordingly the objective of this study is to predict new design rainfall in order to make a future flood control plan considering climate change. In this study, for considering spatial characteristics of rainfall in urban area, data of AWS was used and for retaining insufficient rainfall data, WGR model was estimated the application of target area. The results were compared with the observation data and consequently show reasonable results. In addition, to prepare for climate change, design rainfall was calculated by applying for various climate scenarios and the result would be used in order to establish future flood control plan.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.66-74
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the difference of the health promoting behaviors between average Internet users and excessive Internet users. Method: Data were collected from a convenient sample of 465 middle school students from June 7th to 17th, 2002, based on a self reported questionnaire. The instruments included were the Health Promotion Behaviors reconstructed by the author based on the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (Walker, Sechrist & Pender, 1987) and Internet addiction test translated by Center for Internet Addiction Prevention and Counseling based on Young's test. Data were analyzed with N, %, x2 test, t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Result : 1. There were no significant differences in general characteristics between average Internet users and excessive Internet users. 2. There were significant differences between two groups in diet behavior(p=.030), even though there were no differences in general health promoting behaviors(p=.109). 3. There were significant negative correlations between Internet use and diet behavior (r=-.193, p=.000). Therefore, average Internet users had more desirable diet behavior than excessive Internet users. Conclusion: Internet addiction prevention program should be conducted as part of a comprehensive school health promotion program. In addition, the results of this study should be considered in developing the school health education curriculum to rear students' responsibility on their health behaviors.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.551-560
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• 2019

In the advanced information age, learning is an activity in which learners access information resources through computers and Internet to acquire and evaluate information on their own. The emergence of an online learning platform based on the fourth industrial revolution technology is developing into an environment in which elementary and secondary learners learn and study based on constructivism learning theory. In the online learning environment, the researches on the information retrieval ability of the elementary and secondary learners and the self-directed learning ability were found to be highly related. However, it is necessary to analyze the relation between information retrieval ability and self-directed learning ability through a cross-sectional study that is limited to specific curriculum and contents and expands the longitudinal research. In this study, the panel data of the Seoul Education Longitudinal Study collected over 8 years are used to find the difference in self-directed learning ability according to the longitudinal pattern of information retrieval ability and frequency.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.375-386
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify the present use of caregiver services, to evaluate the degree of satisfaction with the services according to type of caregiver service, private or public, and to provide data for the development of a plan which will provide good quality service with less economic and psychological burden to the patients and their families. Survey data were collected from 130 patients in 4 general hospitals in Seoul, and their families. Data were collected during April, 2004, using a questionnaire which included the patient satisfaction scale developed by Jun (2001). Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations, $X^2$ analysis, t-test. The SPSS computer program was used to facilitate analysis. The results of this study are summarized as follows; The total score for satisfaction was high for both groups. For the private caregiver group it was $52.38{\pm}11.08$, and for the public caregiver group, $58.14{\pm}9.64$. This difference was significant(t=-3.391, p=.001). In all of areas, the scores for satisfaction of the public caregiver service group were higher than private caregiver service group, ie. caregivers' attitude, role, confidence, performance, and service charge, and all the differences were significant. In conclusion, it was found that long-term hospitalization of older patients with high dependence resulted in more caregiver service. There were more severe patients in the public caregiver group, but the service charges, additional costs and paid holidays were less. Based on these results, patients and their families were significantly more satisfied with public caregiver service because it was not only less expensive but also had a high quality of service. Thus, caregiver services should be systemized so that patients and their families will get the best quality caregiver service

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2009

Purpose: This study aimed to clarify the needs for hospital-based home care nursing medical services in elder care institutions by analyzing the details and frequency of medical services provided by, and the needs for, hospital based home care nursing in select institutions in Korea. Methods: Seventy-seven staffs at elderly care institutions located throughout the country completed self-report questionnaires between February 1 and May 31, 2009. SPSS ver. 14.0 was used for data analysis regarding frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation. Results: Forty-eight hospital-based home care nursing medical services in eight domains were identified as being needed in elderly care institutions. The most commonly used medical services were providing instruction in oral drug administration, checking drug beneficial/adverse effects, and administering blood glucose test, while the most needed medical services requiring hospital based home care nursing were complex pressure ulcer care, followed by diabetic foot ulcer management and nutrient injection. Conclusion: The present results should provide fundamental data for better healthcare services with hospital based home care nursing at elderly care institutions as part of a 'win-win' strategy through which medical expenses are reduced, insurance costs are kept stable, and safe and high-quality medical services are provided for residents of elder care institutions. Political decisions intended to promote visits by hospital based home care nurses to elder care institutions would be a prudent course.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the training and detraining effects of a 8-week water exercise on lower extremities coordination during obstacle gait in the female elderly. Eight elderly participants (age: $76.58{\pm}4.97$ yrs, height: $148.88{\pm}7.19$ cm, body mass: $56.62{\pm}6.82$ kg, and leg length: $82.36{\pm}2.98$ cm), who stayed at the Seoul K welfare center, were recruited for this study. All participants had no history of orthopedic abnormality within the past 1 year and completed the aquatic exercise program which lasted for 8 weeks. To identify the training and detraining effect of 8 weeks of water exercise, a 3-D motion analysis with 7 infrared cameras and one force plate sampling frequency set at 100 Hz and 1,000 Hz, respectively, was performed. A two-way ANOVA was performed to find training and detraining effects among diferent obstacle heights. In this study significant level was set at .05. Significant training effects of LTS (lead foot thigh and shank) coordination in all obstacle height were found (p<.05). It is also found that the training effect of LTS remained 37%, 58%, and 25% in obstacle height of 30%, 40%, and 50%, respectively. Lead foot showed the greater detraining effect of coordination compared with trail foot, and SF (shank and foot) coordination revealed better detraining effects of coordination compare with TS (thigh and shank) in both feet. Based on the findings, a 8 week water exercise give an positive effects to the elderly in terms of segment cooperation which potentially helps reducing their accident falls. The magnitude of detraining may also help the elderly to find the retraining moment.