• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.155-175
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• 2014

본 연구는 산업과 인구의 이동현상을 대상으로 한 공간적 패턴 분석의 필요성을 인지하고, 수도권에서 충남으로 이전한 가구의 가구특성 및 공간적 패턴을 파악한 후 종합적으로 지리적 가중 회귀분석을 통해 수도권 기업의 지방이전에 따른 인구이동의 관계성을 도출하는 것을 목표로 삼았다. 분석결과 수도권에서 충청남도로 전입하는 인구는 직업을 주 목적으로 예산과 아산을 중심으로 하여 1, 2인 가구가 주로 전입하고 있었으며, GWR을 통해 연구지역의 시 군별로 직업을 사유로 이동하는 인구의 이동 요인을 파악한 결과 경제적 요인 이외에도 인구 요인과 교통 요인, 주거환경 요인 등의 영향을 받고 있었다. 위와 같은 분석결과들을 공공기업의 지방이전 및 수도권 기업의 기업이전에 따른 도시조성과 연관시켜 생각함으로써 다음과 같은 정책적 시사점들을 이끌어 낼 수 있었다. 첫째로, 현재 충청남도의 탈 수도권인구의 이동에 있어 수도권 기업의 이전에 따른 영향이 직접적으로 미치는 지역은 '시'단위의 규모보다 '군'단위의 소도시에서 효과가 더욱 좋은 것을 볼 수 있었다. 그럼에도 수도권 유출인구가 천안시, 아산시, 당진시 같은 대형 '시'단위의 도시로 가장 많이 이주하는 것은 사람들이 거주지를 선택함에 있어서는 직장 외 다른 이유가 작용한다는 것을 시사해준다. 둘째로, 향후 직업을 사유로 이동하는 인구는 개인단위보다는 가족단위의 이동이 대두될 것이며 유년 고령인구 위주로 거주지를 선택하게 될 것이므로 유년층 혹은 고령층에 대비하여 정주환경을 개선할 필요가 있다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제6권9호
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• pp.27-33
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• 1983

This Paper represents time-dependent stochastic variations of common discounted cash flow formulae with explicit consideration given to inflation. The cash flow, the ratio of discounting or compounding, and the rate of inflation are allowed to vary with time in a random fashion in equations for the compound amount of a single payment, present worth of a single payment, amount of an annuity, periodic deposits to accumulate a future amounts, present worth of an annuity and capital recovery And all formulae are derived for the case of discrete random variations.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.38-53
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• 2022

Recently, the acquisition and production of information using digital tools and the creation of new knowledge are emphasized as important educational elements. Therefore, in this study, the effect of learning achievement according to the digital literacy level of college students was analyzed. For the analysis, a questionnaire is conducted with college students majoring in aviation services attending universities in Seoul Capital Area and Chungcheong area. To verify the hypothesis of the study, demographic characteristics are identified based on the questionnaire, reliability and validity of measurement items are verified, and structural equation model analysis is performed to verify the hypothesis. The analysis results are as follows. First, among the sub-factors of digital literacy competency of college students majoring in aviation service, 'technology use' is found to have a positive effect on 'cognitive flow' and 'emotional flow' of learning flow except 'behavioral flow'. Second, among the sub-factors of digital literacy competency, 'self-learning' is found to have a positive effect on 'cognitive flow', 'emotional flow', and 'behavioral flow' in learning flow. Third, the sub-factors of learning flow, 'cognitive flow', 'emotional flow', and 'behavioral flow' have a positive effect on 'learning satisfaction'. Fourth, 'learning satisfaction' is found to have a positive effect on 'learning outcomes'. Based on the research results, practical support measures and strategies for educational success are presented.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.51-76
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 1975년부터 2006년 사이 일본의 12개 권역별 자료를 이용하여 일본의 공공투자정책의 유효성이 1990년대에 비해 2000년대에 얼마나 개선되었는가에 대해 검토하였다. 실증분석의 결과는 첫째, 2000년대 공공자본에 대한 생산탄력성에 있어서 1990년대보다 상승하였다는 증거는 없으며 오히려 차분 GMM 추정방식 등에서는 하락한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 공공자본은 민간자본의 한계생산성을 대체로 증가시키는 것으로 나타났지만, 향상정도에 있어서는 1990년대에 비해 2000년대에 더 개선되었다고 말하기 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 공공투자 수행과정에서 민간투자 구축여부에 관한 분석결과에서는 전 기간에 걸쳐 공공투자 수행 시 민간투자를 구축시키는 것으로 나타나 신고전학파의 주장을 지지하였다. 그리고 2000년대에는 민간투자 구축정도가 더 심화되는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 실증분석 결과를 통해 2000년대의 개혁 조치들이 민간투자의 활성화 및 민간경제부문 성과로는 제대로 이어지지 못한 것으로 판단한다.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.25-51
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• 2008

본 연구는 1986년 1월 1일부터 2007년 12월 31일까지 한국증권선물거래소의 유가증권시장에 상장된 기업을 대상으로 운전자본의 고정자산투자 스무딩효과를 실증분석 하였으며, 주요한 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 재무적 제약기업은 운전자본을 이용하여 고정자산투자를 스무딩할 수 있다. 외부에서 음(-)의 현금흐름 충격이 발생하면, 운전자본의 감소를 통해 고정자산투자를 스무딩하고, 양(+)의 현금흐름 충격이 발생하면, 운전자본의 증가를 통해 잉여현금흐름을 보관한다. 따라서 재무적 제약기업의 경우에, 운전자본은 고정자산투자에 유의한 음(-)의 영향을 미치며, 재무적 제약이 클수록 음(-)의 영향력은 더 커진다. 제무적 제약 정도는 배당지급 수준과 자본시장 접근성을 기준으로 측정할 수 있다. 저배당기업은 고배당기업보다 재무적 제약이 크며, 자본시장 비접근 기업은 접근기업보다 재무적 제약이 크다. 또한, 운전자본과 고정자산투자간의 내생성을 고려하더라도 운전자본의 고정자산투자 스무딩효과는 여전히 존재한다. 따라서 운전자본의 고정자산투자 스무딩효과는 통계적으로나 경제적으로 중요한 의미를 갖는다고 할 수 있다. 결론적으로, 한국증권선물거래소의 유가증권시장에 상장된 기업들은 비대칭정보 하에서 재무적제약을 받을 경우에, 운전자본을 사용하여 고정자산투자를 스무딩한다고 할 수 있다. 특히, 배당지급이 적은 저배당기업이나 자본시장에 접근이 용이하지 않은 비접근기업은 재무적 제약이 더 많기 때문에, 운전자본을 사용하여 고정자산투자를 스무딩 할 가능성이 많다. 따라서 기업 경영자들은 이러한 운전자본의 고정자산투자 스무딩효과를 고려하여 운전자본관리를 실천함으로써 기업가치를 극대화시킬 수 있다고 생각한다.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2010

In today's uncertain economic environment, economic risk is inherent in making large investments on manufacturing facilities. It is, therefore, practically meaningful to divide investment over multiple periods, reducing the risk of investment. Then, the cash-flow over the entire planning horizon would comprise positive inflow and negative outflow. In this case, in general, evaluation by internal rate of return (IRR) is not feasible, because multiple IRRs are involved. This paper deals with a problem of evaluating profitability, as well as risk, of investment alternatives made in multiple times of investment over the entire horizon. Typically, an additional investment is required after the initial one, for expanding manufacturing capacity or other reasons. The paper pays attention to a unit cash-flow over two periods, decomposing the total cash-flow into a series of unit cash-flow patterns. It is easy to evaluate profitability of a unit cash-flow by using IRR. The total cash-flow can be decomposed into the series of two types of unit cash-flows: an investment type one (negative-positive) and the borrowing type one (positive-negative). This paper, therefore, proposes a method in which only the borrowing type unit cash-flow is eliminated in the series by converting total cash-flow using capital interest rate. Then, a unique IRR can be obtained and the profitability is evaluated. Thus, the paper extends the method of IRR so that it may help decision making in complicated cash-flow pattern observed in practice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3781-3789
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• 2012

Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive tumors with a dismal prognosis. The membrane cytoskeletal crosslinker Ezrin participates in several functions including cell proliferation, adhesion, motility and survival. There is increasing evidence that Ezrin is overexpressed in vast majority of malignant tumors and regulates tumor progression. However, its roles in pancreatic cancer remain elusive. Methods: Three pairs of specific Ezrin siRNAs were designed and synthetized and screened to determine the most efficient one for construction of a hairpin RNA plasmid targeting Ezrin. After transfection into the Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cell line, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were performed to examine the expression of mRNA and protein. The MTT method was applied to examine the proliferation and the drug sensibility to Gemcitabine. Flow cytometry was used to assess the cycle and apoptosis, while capacity for invasion was determined with transwell chambers. Furthermore, we detected phosphorylated-Erk1/2 protein and phosphorylated-Akt protein by Western blotting. Results: Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting revealed that Ezrin expression was notably down-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels by RNA interference (P< 0.01). Proliferation was inhibited and drug resistance to gemcitabine was improved (P< 0.05). Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of cells in the G1/G0 phase increased (P< 0.01), and in G2/M and S phases decreased (P< 0.05), with no apparent differences in apoptosis (P> 0.05). The capacity for invasion was markedly reduced (P< 0.01). In addition, down-regulating Ezrin expression had no effect on phosphorylated-Akt protein (P>0.05), but could decrease the level of phosphorylated-Erk1/2 protein (P< 0.05). Conclusions: RNA interference of Ezrin could inhibit its expression in the pancreatic cancer cells line Panc-1, leading to a potent suppression of malignant behavior in vitro. Assessment of potential as a target for pancreatic cancer treatment is clearly warranted.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.6115-6120
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• 2013

Introduction: Some non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor cells are insensitive to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) -based therapy. This study was conducted to examine the effect of embelin on the sensitivity of the A549 NSCLC cell line to TRAIL receptor2 (TRAILR2) monoclonal antibodies and to investigate the potential mechanisms. Materials and Methods: A549 cells were treated with embelin, TRAILR2 mAb or a combination of both. Cell viability was measured using ATPlite assay and apoptosis rates were determined by flow cytometry with AnnexinV-FITC and propidium iodide staining, with the expression levels of proteins analyzed by Western blotting. Results: The cell survival rate of separate treatments with 100 ng/ml TRAILR2 antibody or 25 uM embelin were $81.5{\pm}1.57%$ and $61.7{\pm}2.84%$, respectively. Their combined use markedly decreased cell viability in A549 cells to $28.1{\pm}1.97%$ (P<0.05). The general caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK could inhibit the embelin-enhanced sensitivity of A549 cells to TRAILR2 mAb ($75.97{\pm}3.17%$)(P<0.05). Both flow cytometry and cell morphological analysis showed that embelin was able to increase TRAIL-induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Combined treatment with embelin and TRAILR2 mAb augmented the activation of initiator caspases and effector caspase. In addition, A549 cells showed increasing levels of TRAILR2 protein and decreasing levels of Bcl-2, survivin and c-FLIP following the treatment with embelin+TRAILR2 mAb. Conclusions: Embelin could enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis in A549 cells. The synergistic effect of the combination treatment might be due to modulation of multiple components in the TRAIL receptor-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway, including TRAILR2, XIAP, survivin, Bcl-2 and c-FLIP.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.299-311
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• 1995

Conventional discounted cash flow techniques fail to capture the risk associated with investments. This paper proposes an annual cash flow model that considers risk, cost structure and inventory liquidation in the evaluation of investment alternatives. The risk differential of investments is included using the capital asset pricing model while the stochastic version of the cost-volume-profit approach is used to consider inventory liquidation and cost structure. Tradeoffs between fixed and variable costs have been investigated, and portrayed using iso-cash flow curves. The proposed cash flow model has been developed, in particular, to enable an accurate evaluation of advanced manufacturing systems.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.179-205
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• 2005

This study reveals that the user industry has a limited role in being a source of technological capability in the case of the machine tool industry in Korea where the user industry is relatively more advanced than other capital goods industries. This study examines the sources of technological capability in terms of migration of workforces and flow of product development knowledge. Although the capital goods sector is generally regarded as being the sector where user-producer interaction is important, the user industry is not the seed-bed of technological capability for machine development. Users and producers interact in terms of expressing 'needs', mainly in the form of specifications. As a result of receiving unique specifications from users, the producer learns to react by making specific customised special purpose machines. The user's specification could include information o the imported machine originally used. When confronted with technical problems in developing a new machine, the producer accesses foreign sources of knowledge. This study's finding reveals that users of special purpose machines have a significantly clearer role in providing specifications than do users of general purpose machine tools. Most intensive interactive learning between users and producers in the production process is found in special purpose machine tools. From the empirical findings, policy implications are discussed.