• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 2001

The fire performance evaluation methods in Korea and overseas for interior finish materials were analysed and tested with gypsum board and Plywood by using room corner test not adopted by domestic code until now. The results of gypsum board (thickness:8 mm) and Plywood (thickness:4 mm) applying NFPA 265 and ISO 9705 test respectively are satisfied the assessment criteria. To assess a actual fire performance and classify fire hazard levels for interior finish materials, room-corner test and flame spread models should be adopted in building code and fire code to overcome limitations of current bench-scale test method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.20 no.3 s.71
• /
• pp.71-77
• /
• 2005

This study aims to find the safe vent area to prevent a destruction of building by gas explosion in a building. Explosion vessel which used in this experiment is 1/5 scale down model of simple livingroom and its dimension is 100cm in length 60cm in width and 45cm in height. Liquified petroleum gas(LPG) was injected to the vessel to the concentration of 4.5vol%, and injection rate were varied in 1L/min or 4L/min. Gas mixture was ignited by the 10kV electric spark. For analysis the characteristics of vented explosion pressure according to the vent size and vent shape, its size and shape were varied. From the experiment, it was found that explosion pressure in the vented explosion :in affected by the gas injection rate, vent area and vent shape. And the vent area to volume ratio(S/V) to prevent the building destruction by explosion pressure, it is recommended that the design of vent area happened by the explosion should be above 1/500cm in S/V. And if the vent area has complicate structure in same area, vented explosion pressure will be higher than a single vent, and possibility of building destruction will increase. Therefore to effectively vent the explosion pressure for protect a building and residents from the gas explosion hazards, the same vent area should have a singular and constant shape in the cross-sectional area of the vessel.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2002

21C, Multiplex Cinema Theater is made from movie industry developed and become a place where we can spend our free time and consuming. But, theater users, who are many and unspecified persons, are short of information on the Multiplex Cinema Theater, so that they may be injured or killed at the occurrence of fire accident. Particularly, Multiplex Cinema Theater is a place that underground space or top floor in highrise building had many people in theaters. However, this problem is difficult to solve that to protect human being and properties at the occurrence of fire accident in the Multiplex Cinema Theater, In order to overcome such problems, Multiplex Cinema Theater need fire protection solutions facilities concerning particulars to pay attention to the safety on a fire and evacuation. This study analysed Multiplex Cinema Theater concept and computer simulation for risk point.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 2014

The pressurized smoke control system in the vestibule is important for fire safety in buildings because it is concerned with egress time of people and the safety of fire fighters. The vestibule pressurization system can prevent smoke from entering the vestibule using differential pressure when fire doors are closed and using the egress velocity when fire doors are open. Air supplying units in the vestibule need to be arranged by taking account of the location of doors and the volume of the vestibule in order to assure the uniform air egress velocity through a fire door when it is open. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted for the vestibule where multiple doors are installed and it was found that the reverse flow occurs when the damper position in vestibule is not appropriate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2017

This study examined the combustion and thermal characteristics of imported woods for building materials in Korea. Wooden specimens were confirmed by a cone calorimeter according to the KS F ISO 5660-1 standard. The combustion properties of the wooden specimens were measured in terms of the heat release rate (HRR), total heat released (THR), mass lose rate (MLR), and ignition time (time to ignition; TTI). The optical microscope was used for determine the anatomical characteristics of wood pit and structure. Also, the thermal properties were measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to determine the thermal stability of wooden specimens. The result of this experiment would be useful for fundamentals of guiding the combustion properties and thermal stability using wood application.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.271-277
• /
• 2017

Safety, livability, and efficiency are the three prominent problems of tall buildings, which are also the severe challenges to designers. We proposed the idea of building the sky town to solve these problems, which can be summarized in two sentences, one is tall building multi-storised, and another one is vertical facilities municipal-infrastructurised. The tall building can be horizontally cut into several multi-storey buildings by some large platforms. The platform extends a certain width to block the fire from spreading. Tall buildings are connected together as a group. One of them is a traffic core, which is used for vertical transportation and MEP. It connects to traffic center such as metro, while most of the other tall buildings' cores can be very much released, so as to achieve maximum efficiency of floor usable area and to give good traffic organization. By combining traffic core, platforms, and multi-storey buildings' inner traffic, a transportation network is formed. Finally, we refer to the design of Raffles City Chongqing to make a sketch of sky town.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.45-49
• /
• 2019

The basalt fiber is expected to become a trend for industrial fibers as they have better properties of heat-resistant, non-combustion, absorbent, soundproof, moistureproof, lightweight, corrosion resistant, and high strength properties. Also, the fiber is found to be non-toxic and harmless to the human body. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the chemical and mineral compositions of powdered sludge of basalt produced at seven sites on Jeju Island for the development of fire resistance insulating material for a building. The results showed that the basalt stone sludge is made from only sodium calcium aluminum silicate and ferridioside components unlike the basalt rock.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.73-83
• /
• 2021

The door open time, resulting from occupants evacuating from apartments, is an important parameter when assessing the performance of smoke ventilation systems in high-rise apartment buildings. However, the values recommended in UK design guidance appear to have limited substantiation. Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out considering variabilities in door swing time, flow rate and number of occupants. It has been found that the door open time can be represented by a lognormal distribution with a mean of 6.6, 8.7 and 11.1 s and a standard deviation of 1.7, 3.2 and 4.7 s for one, two and three-bedroom apartments, respectively. For deterministic analyses, it is proposed that the 95th percentile values may be adopted in line with recommended practice for other fire safety design parameters such as fuel load density and soot yield, giving door open times of 10 s to 19 s, depending on the number of bedrooms.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.98-107
• /
• 2017

This study examined an effective way of measuring the evacuation performance in buildings, which are applied to a double skin facade through an evaluation of the escape safety. Buildings with a double skin facade appeared to have a faster combustion expansion speed for the upper floor if a fire occurs. Moreover, a double skin facade is more difficult to escape safely than a general building construction because of the limited design standards. Accordingly, this study suggested virtual modeling including single emergency stairs and alarm systems considering the risk in each structure of buildings. These results showed that box-type double skin, corridor access type, shaft-box type, and multistory facade systems showed a 26.4%, 29.1%, 23.4%, and 26.3% increase in evacuation performance, respectively, as well as securing the safety of occupants.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 2020

This paper aimed to statistically analyze the impact of fire needs not considered in previous reports based on preventive and preparedness strategies of fire administration and fire budget.. The panel data came from 16 metropolitan councils from 2008 to 2018 and was statistically analyzed based on the preventive measures of the fire administration (agreement for building permission, specific target for fire-fighting, public use facilities, and special fire inspection [SFI]), preparedness of the fire administration (fire safety education [FSE]), response of the fire administration (mobilization for fire suppression [MFS] and mobilization for ambulance service [MAS]), and fire budget. In the results, SFI, FSE, and MFS had a significant negative influence on the fire budget. Meanwhile, MAS had a significant positive effect on the fire budget (p < 0.01). These results reflect public policy in Korea; there has been a paradigm shift in fire administration: from disaster acceptance (focusing on recovery) to disaster response (focusing on field response) to disaster preparedness (focusing on preparedness).