• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.277-280
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• 1994

This study was conducted to obtain some basic information needed for the propagational system of high quality garlic trough the culture of healthy tissues. non shoot-tips of bulbil obtained in mid May were cultured on MS medium containing 8% sucrose supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA, in vitro bulbli were formed, but the shoots were formed at the early to middle in June. Multiple shoots were induced by the culture of receptacles on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA and 10mg/L BA..Among the flower bud, bulbil and receptacle, receptacle showed most suitable in terms of shoot formation efficiency, More than 50 shoots per single involucre were produced under the optimum condition. Results indicate that in vitro culture of involucre has a high potential for the micropropagation of high quality seed bulbs.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 2012

An efficient in vitro propagation was established by using axillary bud explants of roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.), which has been known as a medicinal plant in East Asia. Among various media tested, MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BA and 1.0 mg/L $GA_3$ was found to be the best for multiple shoot formation (15 axillary shoots per axillary bud). In addition 1/2MS medium containing 50 g/L sucrose was best for shoot elongation (7.8 cm) and increasing total chlorophyll contents (8.64 mg/g) best. Maximum number of roots (17.7 roots per explant) was observed on the medium without plant growth regulators. Propagated plants were successfully acclimatized to ex vitro conditions, with a survival frequency of 97% after 12 weeks. Most rooted shoots grew well and produced viable seeds when grown in vitro culture conditions. Therefore, R. rosea can be effectively propagated in vitro by the system we developed in this study.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.591-598
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• 2011

This study was conducted to establish the tissue culture system for Atractylodes plant which is most frequently used in oriental medicine. Root and auxiliary bud of Dachul cv., which is Atractylodes hybrid (A. macrocephala x A. japonica), were used as target tissues for in vitro culture. In root culture, callus induction rate was higher in the treatment of BAP combined with NAA than others, however, 2-iP was more effective for callus proliferation and root induction. Although calli were effectively induced from the root and proliferated in lower concentration of cytokinin combined with higher auxin, root tissue was inappropriate for shoot regeneration. For plant regeneration with axillary bud, BAP combined with NAA was more effective than 2-iP with NAA or IBA. Number of regenerated plant per bud was 3.8, which was highest, and stem diameters was shown as 5.0mm under the conditions of 1 mg/L BAP combined with 1 mg/L NAA. Although, plant height was tend to be higher in 2-iP than BAP, number of the regenerated plant was lower via versus. Furthermore, root proliferation of regenerated plant was more effective in higher concentration of sucrose (7%) than in lower concentration (3%). In results, auxiliary bud was an efficient target tissue for producing regenerated plant of Atractylodes under the conditions of 1 mg/L BAP combined with 1 mg/L NAA and higher concentration of sucrose was effective for root proliferation of regenerated plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.265-272
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the efficient propagation method of Cyrtomium caryoptideum var. coreanum by sporophyte culture. The influence of origin of explant sources (rhizome, blade, or stipe) and homogenization of culture materials on shoot regeneration were investigated. As a result, only rhizome explant exhibited the organogenic capacity and the shoot regeneration was promoted by homogenization of culture material. Vigorous and excellent growth of multiple shoots was induced on the half-strength of inorganic salts containing MS medium. It was appeared that optimum nitrogen content of shoot regeneration was half-strength of nitrogen containing MS medium (30mM) and optimum sucrose concentration was 1%. Addition of $NaH_2PO_4$ to culture medium generally enhanced shoot multiplication and promoted growth of the regenerants. The organogenic capacity of homogenized rhizomes was especially promoted on medium supplemented with $5{\mu}M$ kinetin plus $5{\mu}M$ IBA. The incorporation of $0.1\sim0.2%$ activated charcoal on medium supplemented with growth regulators prevented the formation of multiple bud primordia - nodule-like bud clusters and improved the normal morphogenesis of sporophytes.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.289-295
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• 2009

Cyclic AMP-mediated signaling pathways regulate a number of cellular functions. In this study, we examined the regulatory role of cAMP signaling pathways in chondrogenesis of chick limb bud mesenchymal cells in vitro. Forskolin, which increases cellular cAMP levels by the activation of adenylate cyclase, enhanced chondrogenic differentiation. Inhibition of PKA with specific inhibitors (H89 or KT5720) blocked pre-cartilage condensation stage, indicating that chondrogenesis is regulated by the increase in cellular cAMP level and subsequent activation of PKA. Downstream signaling pathway of PKA leading to gene expression was investigated by examination of several nuclear transcription factors. Forskolin treatment increased transcription level for a cartilage-specific marker gene Sox9. However, inhibition of PKA with H89 led to restore expression of Sox9, indicating PKA activity was required to regulate the expression of Sox9 in chondrogenesis. In addition, CREB was highly phosphorylated at early stage of mesenchyme culture, and followed by progressive dephosphorylation. CBP and ATF, another CRE related proteins were transiently expressed at the early stage of chondrogenesis with a pattern similar to CREB phosphorylation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed that the binding activity of CREB to the CRE is closely correlated to the phosphorylation pattern of CREB. Therefore, cAMP-mediated signal transduction to nuclear events for the induction of genes appeared to be required at the early stage of chick limb bud chondrogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.365-373
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• 2006

This study was conducted to develop the efficient propagation method of fern Phyllitis scolopendrium using In vitro culture. The influence of the origin of the donor explant sources (rhizome, stipe, three parts of blade) and the homogenization of explants was investigated. Rhizome and stipe explants showed the organogenic capacity among the five explant sources and plant regeneration was promoted by homogenization of culture material. Optimum condition for vigorous and excellent growth of multiple shoots was the half-strength MS medium with 1% sucrose concentration. Generally, addition of $NaH_2PO_4$ to media enhanced shoot multiplication. The highest rate of shoot proliferation was observed on the media containing $5{\mu}M$ NAA. Also, combination of activated charcoal $(0.1{\sim}0.2%)$ and growth regulators to growth medium prevented the formation of multiple bud primordia, 'nodule'-like bud clusters and improved the normal morphogenesis of sporopytes in P. scolopendrium.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the effects of various media compositions in regeneration of Lilium lancifolium. The adventitious bud initiation from microscale was the best on MS medium supplemented with BAP 1.0 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L after 4 weeks of culture. However, from bulbscales, adventitious bud initiation was the best in dark condition on MS medium supplemented with BAP 0.5 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L. On the other hand, callus induction was found to be the best from the microscales incubated in complete dark condition for 8 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L and BAP 0.1 mg/L. The highest plantlet regeneration from callus was obtained after incubation in the light condition for 8 weeks on MS medium supplemented with NAA 0.5 mg/L and BAP 0.1 mg/L. Rooting of shoots was obtained easily on MS medium and the plantlets were transferred to soil pots after 8 weeks. The chromosome analysis of the root tip cells was revealed that the callus-derived plantlets had normal chromosome number, 2n=24. No variation was observed in the morphology of the plantlets.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.382-389
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• 2014

Raphanus sativus L. cv. Taebaek, a efficiently microspore-derived embryo (MDE)-forming cultivar, and 'Chungwoon', a non-MDE-forming cultivar were selected as donor plants for isolated microspore culture. Radish flower bud of 2.0 (small, S), 4.0 (medium, M), and 6.0 (large, L) ${\pm}$ 0.5 mm in length were isolated to determine the temporal relationship between flower bud size and MED yield. Anatomical observations revealed no difference in the structure of the flower buds between the two cultivars. In both cultivars, the stigmas were much longer than the floral leaf in M-sized flower buds. The MDE yields for 'Taebaek' per petri dish were 6.6 and 1.3 for M- and L-sized of flower buds, respectively, but MDE formation was not induced in the S flower buds. On the other hand, 'Chungwoon' failed to form MDEs in all flower buds. The microspore density of 'Taebaek' was 1.3 times more than that of 'Chungwoon' for M sized flower buds. Of the M-sized buds from 'Taebaek' and 'Chungwoon', 92.1 and 81.6%, respectively, were in the late uninucleate microspore stage, which is characterized by the highest frequency of MDE formation. Anatomical observations of MDE formation revealed that the microspores were able to divide to form a primordium from which cell division took place continuously in the 'Teabeak' cultivar. However, the microspores of 'Chungwoon' failed to progress beyond the primodium stage, resulting in lack of MDE formation. By contrast, after the formation of the primordium, various developmental stages of embyos from microspore were observed in the 'Taebaek' cultivar. These results can be used to determine MDE forming potentials of radish cultivars.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2013

To establish in vitro nodal culture conditions of Echinosophora koreensis Nakai, one of rare and endangered species famous for beautiful flowers in the Korean Peninsula, the influence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on shooting and rooting from in vitro shoots was investigated. In shoot multiplication, addition of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) to the half-strength Driver and Kuniyuki's media in the range of 2.22 to 8.88 ${\mu}M $induced 2.5 to 2.7 shoots per axillary bud; and addition of 2.27 ${\mu}M $ thidiazuron (TDZ) produced 3.2 shoots, during 4 weeks of culture, while zeatin and isopentenyl adenine (2ip) were not effective on shoot multiplication as observed from several combination treatments of BA with other PGRs. Shoots established were smaller than 2 cm in length, in most of the treatments. while in BA 8.88 ${\mu}M $ treatment more than 30% of shoots were longer than 2 cm and shorter than 4 cm. In rooting, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) from 5.37 to 21.48 ${\mu}M $ showed the rooting rate from 40.0 to 62.5%. Indole butyric acid (IBA) addition had little effect on rooting (<10%), although some roots in IBA-containing media were longer than those in NAA. Micropropagation from axillary buds of nodular explants was applicable and promising to multiplication and conservation of Echinosophora koreensis Nakai.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.392-396
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• 2009

Protocorms were newly formed from the culture of axillary buds, obtained in the seedlings of Dendrobium moniliforme in vitro. Its formation ratio was calculated to 43.7% on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L BA. To test their survival ratio, we gradually increased the inoculation of transplant populations from single to more than three, and then found that the ratio in three populations went up as high as 95.2% rather than those of one or two. In bioreactor, explant obtained from the axillary bud grew well in lower concentration as 1/4 MS medium, while clearly grew slow in a little bit high concentration as 1/2 MS medium. We found that the explant of axillary bud, obtained from the Dendrobium moniliforme seedlings, would grow five times after culturing in a bioreactor for six weeks in 1/4 MS medium.