• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2004년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.119-125
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• 2004

Unsteady nonlinear wave motions on the free surface over a plane beach of constant slope are numerically simulated using a finite difference method in rectangular grid system. Two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations and the continuity equation are used for the computations. Irregular leg lengths and stars are employed near the boundaries of body and free surface to satisfy the boundary conditions. Also, the free surface which consists of markers or segments is determined every time step with the satisfaction of kinematic and dynamic free surface conditions. Moreover, marker-density method is also adopted to allow plunging jets impinging on the free surface. The second-order Stokes wave theory and solitary wave theory are employed for the generation of waves on the inflow boundary. For the simulation of wave breaking phenomena, the computations are carried out with the plane beach of constant slope in surf zone. The results are compared with each other. The marker-density method is better then the hybrid method. Also they are compared with other existing experimental results. The Agreement between the experimental data and the computation results is good.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2008

Disinfection is a basic and effective microorganism inactivation method and historically contributed a decrease in waterborne diseases. To guarantee the disinfection ability, improving T in CT value is important. Many indexes are used to estimate the hydraulic efficiency, however, these are black-box analysis. Therefore it is need to develope new estimation method. In this study, internal short-circuiting estimation method (ISEM) is developed using CFD and we inquire into the factor which causes increase of $T_{10}/T$ value as LW ratio increases. And the effect of shape on the relation of LW ratio and $T_{10}/T$ is analyzed. As LW ratio increases, internal short-circuiting index (ISI) of influent and effluent zone is rapidly reduced and recirculation and dead zone are reduced in channel zone. Therefore, as the $T_{10}/T$ value converges maximum value, ISI curve is changed from "V" shape to "U" shape and hydraulic efficiency is improved especially in downstream portion of clearwell. The less the shape ratio(width/length of clearwell) is the less the $T_{10}/T$ value is at a same LW ratio because the portion of turning zone increases as shape ration decreases, therefore more boundary separation is generated.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2019

We evaluate the properties of friction welded STK400 steel tube in terms of the relationship between microstructures and mechanical properties. Friction welding is conducted at a rotation speed of 1,600 rpm and upset time of 3-7 sec for different thicknesses of STK 400 tubes. To analyse the grain boundary characteristic distributions(GBCDs) in the welded zone, electron backscattering diffraction(EBSD) method is introduced. The results show that a decrease in welding time (3 sec.) creates a notable increase grain refinement so that the average grain size decreases from $15.1{\mu}m$ in the base material to $4.5{\mu}m$ in the welded zone. These refined grains achieve significantly enhanced microhardness and a slightly higher yield and higher tensile strengths than those of the base material. In particular, all the tensile tested specimens experience a fracture aspect at the base material zone but not at the welded zone, which means a soundly welded state for all conditions.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2010

In this paper, the diffraction problems for fixed offshore structures are solved using a hybrid scheme. In this hybrid scheme, potential-based solutions and the Navier-Stokes-based finite volume method (FVM) with a volume-of-fluid (VOF) method are combined. We introduce a buffer zone for efficient wave-making and damping. In this buffer zone, the near field solution from FVM-VOF is gradually changed to Stokes' 2nd order wave solutions. Three different models, including the truncated cylinder, sphere, and wigleyIII model, are numerically investigated in regular waves with a wave steepness of 1/30. The efficiency and accuracy of the hybrid scheme are numerically validated from results using different domain sizes and buffer zones. The wave exciting forces from the FVM-VOF simulations are compared with experiments and potential-based solutions from the higher-order boundary element method (HOBEM). This comparison shows good agreement between the hybrid scheme and potential-based solutions.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2009

The three-dimensional ship motion with forward speed was solved by a finite element method in the time domain. A boundary value problem was described in the frame of a fixed-body reference, and the problem was formulated according to Double-Body and Neumann-Kelvin linearizations. Laplace's equation with boundary conditions was solved by a classical finite element method based on the weak formulation. Chebyshev filtering was used to get rid of an unwanted saw-tooth wave and a wave damping zone was adopted to impose a numerical radiation condition. The time marching of the free surface was performed by the 4th order Adams-Bashforth-Moulton method. Wigley I and Wigely III models were considered for numerical validation. The hydrodynamic coefficients and wave exciting forces were validated by a comparison with experimental data and the numerical results of the Wigley I. The effects of the linearization are also discussed. The motion RAO was also checked with a Wigley III model through mono-chromatic and multi-chromatic regular waves.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.84-88
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 완경사 방정식을 이용한 유한요소모형에서 경사 경계면을 효율적으로 처리할 수 있는 수치기법을 소개하였다. 유한요소법은 다른 수치기법과 다르게 불규칙한 지형에도 적용이 가능하다는 장점을 가지고 있어 복잡한 지형 형태를 갖는 연안에서 발생하는 수리현상을 해석하기 위하여 빈번히 사용되었다. 그러나 유한요소모형에 사용된 지배방정식이 타원형 미분방정식인 경우에는 연직방향으로 경사진 경계면에서의 경계처리가 쉽지 않다는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 Bessel 함수를 이용하여 경사진 경계면을 처리하는 방법을 소개하고 얻어진 결과를 해석해와 비교하였다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2017

지반함몰의 발생은 하수관 파손으로 인한 토사유실이 주원인으로써 그 대책을 수립하기 위해서는 공동과 이완영역의 발생, 주변 지반의 거동을 이해하여야 할 필요성이 있다. 본 논문에서는 지중 하수관의 파손으로 인한 지반함몰 메커니즘 분석을 위해 실내모형실험과 개별요소 수치해석을 실시하였다. 실내모형실험에서는 알루미늄 봉과 트랩도어를 이용하여 모형지반의 거동을 모사하였고, 개별요소 수치해석은 모형실험과 동일한 경계조건으로 수행하여 그 결과를 모형실험 결과와 비교분석하였다. 모형실험 및 개별요소 결과로부터 토사유실로 인한 공동과 이완영역의 형상 및 규모를 파악하였으며, 공동 주변 지반의 간극비 분포 특성 및 이완정도를 파악할 수 있었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.323-335
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• 2021

This paper aims to estimate the range of the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) formation caused by the tunnel boring machine (TBM) advancement through dynamic three-dimensional large deformation finite element analysis. Large deformation analysis based on Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) analysis is used to accurately simulate the behavior during TBM excavation. The analysis model is verified based on numerous test results reported in the literature. The range of the formed EDZ will be suggested as a boundary under various conditions - different tunnel diameter, tunnel depth, and rock type. Moreover, evaluation of the integrity of the tunnel structure during excavation has been carried out. Based on the numerical results, the apparent boundary of the EDZ is shown to within the range of 0.7D (D: tunnel diameter) around the excavation surface. Through series of numerical computation, it is clear that for the rock of with higher rock mass rating (RMR) grade (close to 1st grade), the EDZ around the tunnel tends to increase. The size of the EDZ is found to be direct proportional to the tunnel diameter, whereas the depth of the tunnel is inversely proportional to the magnitude of the EDZ. However, the relationship between the formation of the EDZ and the stability of the tunnel was not found to be consistent. In case where the TBM excavation is carried out in hard rock or rock under high confinement (excavation under greater depth), large range of the EDZ may be formed, but less strain occurs along the excavation surface during excavation and is found to be more stable.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 과압밀된 점토에서 피에조콘 관입으로 인한 과잉간극수압의 공간적인 분포를 알아내기 위한 대형 토조시험을 실시하고 분석결과를 제시하였다. 시험결과에 의하면 콘 주변의 전단영역에서 과잉간극수압은 콘 표면으로부터 전단영역의 경계까지 직선적으로 증가하며, 소성영역에서는 대수적으로 감소하여 소성영역 경계에서 영으로 접근하였다. 또한 전단영역의 크기는 콘 반경의 2.2-1.5배 정도이며 과압밀비 증가 시 전단영역의 크기는 감소하는 반면 소성영역의 크기는 과압밀비에 상관없이 콘 반경의 약 11배로 일정하였다. 본 연구에서는 변형률 속도와 응력이 방성 효과를 고려하여 MCC(Modified Cam Clay) 모델과 공동확장이론으로부터 피에조콘 위치에서의 과잉간극수압을 예측하였으며, 전단영역에서 ${\Delta}u_{shear}$의 선형증가와 전단 및 소성영역에서 ${\Delta}u_{oct}$의 대수적 감소를 가정하여 과잉간극수압의 공간적 분포를 예측하기 위한 방법을 제시하였다. 이러한 방법으로 예측된 간극수압의 분포는 대형 토조시험에서의 콘 관입시험 결과와 비교를 통해 검증되었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2018

Uniaxial ratcheting behavior of Z2CND18.12N austenitic stainless steel used nuclear power plant piping material was studied. The results indicated that ratcheting strain increased with increasing of stress amplitude under the same mean stress and different stress amplitude, ratcheting strain increased with increasing of mean stress under the same stress amplitude and different mean stress. Based on least square method, a suitable method to arrest ratcheting by loading the materials was proposed, namely determined method of zero ratcheting strain rate. Zero ratcheting strain rate occur under specified mean stress and stress amplitudes. Moreover, three dimensional ratcheting boundary surface graph was established with stress amplitude, mean stress and ratcheting strain rate. This represents a graphical surface zone to study the ratcheting strain rates for various mean stress and stress amplitude combinations. The graph showed the ratcheting behavior under various combinations of mean and amplitude stresses. The graph was also expressed with the help of experimental results of certain sets of mean and stress amplitude conditions. Further, experimentation cost and time can be saved.