• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.33-47
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• 2020

In recent years, due to the demand for operating efficiency and cost reduction of industrial facilities, remote access via the Internet is expanding. the control network accelerates from network separation to network connection due to the development of IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) technology. Transition of control network is a new opportunity, but concerns about cybersecurity are also growing. Therefore, manufacturers must reflect security compliance and standards in consideration of the Internet connection environment, and enterprises must newly recognize the connection area of the control network as a security management target. In this study, the core target of the control system security threat is defined as the network boundary, and issues regarding the security architecture configuration for the boundary and the role & responsibility of the working organization are covered. Enterprises do not integrate the design organization with the operation organization after go-live, and are not consistently reflecting security considerations from design to operation. At this point, the expansion of the control network is a big transition that calls for the establishment of a responsible organization and reinforcement of the role of the network boundary area where there is a concern about lack of management. Thus, through the organization of the facility network and the analysis of the roles between each organization, an static perspective and difference in perception were derived. In addition, standards and guidelines required for reinforcing network boundary security were studied to address essential operational standards that required the Internet connection of the control network. This study will help establish a network boundary management system that should be considered at the enterprise level in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.84-95
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• 2015

The aim of this research is to find out how to cope with and manage environmental uncertainty to be effective. Environmental conditions of complexity and change create a greater need to gather information and to respond based on that information. Despite of the governmental campaign 'creative economy, flourishing culture', governmental subsidies are becoming more unstable. The prosperity of culture means that artists can create great works and people can enjoy them without boundaries. This research investigated Boundary-spanning roles through the strategic formulation and implementation. Key factors of strategy are information and knowledge management. Boundary-spanning roles link and coordinate an organization with important elements in the external environment. It is primarily concerned with the exchange of information to detect and bring into the organization information about changes in the environment and send information into the environment that presents the organization in a favorable light. Two themes in this article are that organizations can learn and adapt to the environment and that organizations can change and control the environment.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.49-73
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• 2013

In this study, the author develops and tests a model that incorporates the mediating effects of two frontline employee psychological variables (emotional exhaustion and intrinsic motivation) based on job demand and resource model. As a form of environmental resource, person-organization fit was proposed as a leading factor of frontline employee boundary spanning behavior through emotional exhaustion and intrinsic motivation. All measures were adapted from or developed based on prior research. Data for the study were collected from a cross-sectional sample of retail bank employees in South Korea. Questionnaires were distributed to 500 frontline employees across several banks. Of these, 322 usable questionnaires were returned. To analyze the data, a structural equation model procedure using LISREL 8.5 was employed. Results show that an employee's perceived fit with his/her organization enhances intrinsic motivation and reduces emotional exhaustion. These mechanisms, in turn, increase the employee's boundary spanning behavior. These results support the notion that person-organization fit should be one of the factors affecting motivation, affect and attachment, and extends such an understanding to a purely service-based environment among customer contact employees. Results also confirms that P-O fit can be viewed as environmental resources, and the JD-R model provides a theoretical base in further studying the antecedent role of P-O fit on frontline employees's boundary spanning behavior through intrinsic motivation and emotional exhaustion. These results suggest that organizations have to do their best to manage P-O fit, be it through employee screening or training and workshops to try and align organization and employee values and objectives. If managers of organizations are positively evaluated by the employees, it will be easier for them to, give things of value to employees, such as sense of direction, values, and recognition, and receive other things in return such as esteem and responsiveness. Consequently, organizational leaders are not only able to manage employee experiences, but also their fit with the organization. Even if a manager cannot control employee P-O fit, this research suggests, that a focus on reducing emotional exhaustion rather than increasing intrinsic motivation seems optimal. This research also supports the idea that motivation has a direct association with a frontline employee's boundary spanning behavior. Even in situations where emotional exhaustion cannot be reduced, organizations may still influence frontline behaviors through motivation.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2004

Territory is determined by physical elements that provide the occupants an obvious boundary in a space. The creation of boundary is a interpersonal process by which a person or group regulates interactions with others. The perception of territory needs boundary regulations that mean the composition of horizontal and vertical elements in architectural space. The perception of territory can be defined as perceptual reaction considering not only visual perception on the physical elements in the architectural space and also various kinds of social activity in architectural environment. To achiever territory in architectural space, visible and invisible boundary regulation should be need. It means that territorial boundary regulation needs visual and audial boundary regulation as well as spatial boundary regulation.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-87
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• 2009

Sick House Syndrome(SHS) is the environmental health problem which is difficult to clarify a causal relationship and a responsibility. This paper is focused on a National Environmental Dispute Resolution Commission(NEDRC)'s judgment on SHS and the process of the change of knowledge and policies related to SHS. In the process of the resolving the SHS dispute, NEDRC functioned as a boundary organization, which helps stabilize the boundary between science and policy, and provides space of mutual collaboration and produces boundary objects. NEDRC had necessary characteristics and resources to make scientific knowledge and policies of SHS. First, it was important for SHS to define a problem clearly and to justify the related information whereupon legal authority was effective. In addition, for the procedure of deciding polities, the role of the Ministry of Environment(ME) was essential. However, due to the condition of ME, the discussion of SHS had been limited to the scope of dispute, excluding scientific discussion.

• Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.3-26
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• 2007

Recently, both scholars and marketers have asserted the importance of boundary spanning behaviors, such as external representation, being vocal advocates to outsiders of the organization's image, goods, and services, internal influence, taking individual initiative in communications to the firm and co-workers to improve service delivery by the organization, co-workers, and oneself, and service delivery, serving customers in a conscientious, responsive, flexible, and courteous manner. However, there is lack of study dealing with bourdary spanning behaviors bewteen organizational dyads, in which boundary spanning behaviors are expected to have important roles. The objectives of this paper is to investigate these important concerns with prior research by developing a theoretical model predicting how distinct buyer's boundary spanning behaviors occur. To be concrete, this paper develops a seller characteristics-based model of the attitudinal antecedents of three conceptually distinct forms of boundary spanning behaviors, and tests the hypothesized differential effects of seller characteristics on the three forms of boundary spanning behaviors, and investigates the extent to which these relationships are mediated by relationship satisfaction and organizational commitment. For the purpose of empirical testing, 420 respondents of leading automobile dealers, dining franchisees, industrial material retailers in Korea were surveyed and the analysis utilizing structural equation model indicated that communication quality, fairness, and marketing program dynamism had positive effects on buyer's boundary spanning behaviors via relationship satisfaction and organizational commitment. In addition, boundary spanning behaviors occurred more in contractural and corporate distribution channel than in conventional distribution channel.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.78-97
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• 2016

Living labs are an increasingly popular methodology to enhance innovation. Living labs aim to span boundaries between different organizations, among others Triple helix actors, by acting as a network organization typically in a real-life environment to foster co-creation by user-groups. This paper presents critical factors of Living labs in boundary-spanning between Triple Helix actors. Derived from a mixed-method approach and applications in the healthcare sector, the three main critical factors turn out to be 1) an adequate user-group selection and involvement, specifically a rich interaction and absorption of its results, 2) a balanced involvement of all relevant actors, and 3) a sufficient (early) attention for values, both values of user-groups and values of the management. People-oriented Living labs tend to differ from institution-oriented Living labs regarding these critical factors. Further, universities tend to take on diverse roles and strength of involvement, while the business sector tends to be actively involved only if this has been set as an explicit aim at start. The paper closes with a summary and future research paths.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.2 s.55
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• pp.56-64
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• 2006

From ancient times to today the formation of centrality in architecture has taken very important role as an organizing device. However after 19th century modem architecture focused on the universal aspect and homogeneity of space, and developed its own vocabulary through de-centralization. Since 1960's the reflections on de-humanized space of modem space have been evloved. As those movement has been understood seriously, the centrality can be changed to phenomenological one. And The phenomenological centrality maintains organic balance with its surroundings not trying to form a hierarchic system. So it shows human-oriented tendency and facilitates experiential movements of human body. And it also gives a sense of being. The phenomenological centrality is comprised of center, boundary, and two types of axis. The characteristics of phenomenological centrality can be analyzed as practical and meaningful center, visible boundary, experiential movement, and unexpectable encounters with spaces and nature.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.37-42
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• 2009

Eco-village is emerging as one of housing styles in the modern age. The common space in Eco-village uses environment-friendly materials while residents appear to aspire to a community. The common space in Eco-village offers a place of interchange and interaction for both visitors and residents as a transit area connecting dwelling units. It also forms the sense of community and serves as a space that builds friendly relations among residents. However, there seems to be a lack of research compare to its various roles and importance for this common space, which is an significant factor in establishing Eco-village plans. The purpose of this study is to provide research data by creating a layout drawing of Eco-village and reveal the characteristics of space boundary and practical use of common space through case studies on villages. This will serve as actual data in designing common space which would correspond to the purpose of Eco-village planning.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.101-120
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• 2013

The effective management of knowledge has become one of the critical success factors in current organizations. In spite of the extensive use of Knowledge Management System (KMS), useful information and knowledge resources are still transmitted through personal networks among people in organizations. Thus, social network theory which focuses on social relationships in organization can be a fruitful theoretical resource for enhancing Knowledge Management (KM) performances. In this study, we investigate the effects of intra-team network characteristics (i.e., group density and degree of centralization) and external boundary spanning activities on knowledge management performances of a team. We also acknowledge that all group members do not necessarily agree on the team goal and actively disseminate useful information and knowledge. Drawing on the political perspective on KM which emphasizes the role of trust among group members, we examine the mediating effects of team trust between internal/external network characteristics and KM performances. From the data of 220 teams in financial companies in Korea, we found that: (1) group density had positive effects on KM performances (i.e., knowledge creation, sharing, and use). (2) However, centralization was not significantly associated with KM performances. (3) Team trust was found to be an important factor mediating the relationship between intra-team network characteristics, boundary spanning activities, and KM performances. Based on these results, we discuss and suggest possible implications of the findings when designing and implementing KM practices.