• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.78-87
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• 1988

원전 사고시 (또는 원자력 발전소 사고시) 환경영향 평가에 중요하게 고려해야 될 핵종을 도출 제시하기 위해 WASH-1400에서 중요하게 고려하고 있는 25원소 54핵종의 노심재고량을 ORIGEN2 코드로써 계산한 후 환경으로 동일비율로 방출된다고 가정하여 급성피폭시 초기효과에 중요한 장기인 소화관, 골수, 갑상선, 허파에 대해 각 핵종에 의한 피폭선량을 평가함으로써 각각의 핵종이 초기효과에 미치는 상대적 중요도를 산출하였다. 그 결과 각 장기에 대한 초기효과에 상대적으로 중요하게 나타난 원소들은 소화관에 대해서는 Np, Ce, Ru, Y, Zr의 순으로, 골수에 대해서는 Np, I, La, Sr, Ba의 순으로, 갑상선에 대해서는 I, Te으로 요오드외원소들의 상대적중요도는 극히 미미하였고, 허파에 대해서는 Cm, Ce, Ru, Pu, Zr순으로 나타났다. 따라서 기존의 환경영향 평가시 갑상선과 전신 피폭선량에 고려되고 있는 요오드 원소와 불활성기체 외에도 원전사고 후 충분한 양이 방출될 때 인근 주민의 장기에 대한 초기효과에 크게 영향을 미치는 핵종이 많으며 이들 핵종들은 선원항 평가시 또는 사고시의 환경영향 평가시에 비중을 두고 고려해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

Background: The use of computed tomography (CT) device has increased in the past few decades in Japan. Dose optimization is strongly required in pediatric CT examinations, since there is concern that an unreasonably excessive medical radiation exposure might increase the risk of brain cancer and leukemia. To accelerate the process of dose optimization, continual assessment of the dose levels in actual hospitals and medical facilities is necessary. This study presents organ dose estimation using pediatric cerebral CT scans in the Kyushu region, Japan in 2012 and the web-based calculator, WAZA-ARI (https://waza-ari.nirs.qst.go.jp). Materials and Methods: We collected actual patient information and CT scan parameters from hospitals and medical facilities with more than 200 beds that perform pediatric CT in the Kyushu region, Japan through a questionnaire survey. To estimate the actual organ dose (brain dose, bone marrow dose, thyroid dose, lens dose), we divided the pediatric population into five age groups (0, 1, 5, 10, 15) based on body size, and inputted CT scan parameters into WAZA-ARI. Results and Discussion: Organ doses for each age group were obtained using WAZA-ARI. The brain dose, thyroid dose, and lens dose were the highest in the Age 0 group among the age groups, and the bone marrow and thyroid doses tended to decrease with increasing age groups. All organ doses showed differences among facilities, and this tendency was remarkable in the young group, especially in the Age 0 group. This study confirmed a difference of more than 10-fold in organ doses depending on the facility and CT scan parameters, even when the same CT device was used in the same age group. Conclusion: This study indicated that organ doses varied widely by age group, and also suggested that CT scan parameters are not optimized for children in some hospitals and medical facilities.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.833-839
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• 2005

본 연구는 난소절제 휜쥐를 이용하여 저$(0.1\%)$ 및 정상 $(0.5\%)$ 칼슘 식 이 에 대두 이소플라본 첨가수준을 달리 하여 급여했을 때 뼈 무기질 함량에 미치는 영향을 조사했으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 체중은 난소절제에 의해 증가하였고 식이 칼슘 및 대두 이소플라본의 첨가에 따른 효과는 없었다. 혈청 칼슘 농도는 난소절제, 식이 칼슘 및 대두 이소플라본에 의해 변화되지 않았으며 혈청 인의 농도는 정상 칼슘 식이 급여시 감소하였으나 정상 범위였고, 대두 이소플라본은 이에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 혈청 ALP활성은 난소절제에 의해 증가하였는데,그 정도는 저 칼슘 식이군에서 더 높았고 대두 이소플라본은 이를 변화시키지 못하였다. 혈청 TrACP활성은 난소절제, 식이 칼슘 및 대두 이소플라본에 따른 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 대퇴골 및 요추골의 무게 및 크기는 난소절제, 식이 칼슘, 대두 이소플라본에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다. 대퇴골의 파단력은 난소절제 에 의해 변화되지 않았으나 식이 칼슘은 이를 증가시켰다. 대퇴골 및 요추 골의 칼슘과 인의 함량은 난소절제에 의해 감소하였고 대두 이소플라본 80 ppm 첨가는 이를 증가시켰다. 식이 칼슘의 영향은 요추골에서 나타나 정상 칼슘식이를 급여했을 때 요추골의 칼슘과 인의 함량을 증가시켰다. 대두 이소플라본 160 ppm첨가는 뼈의 칼슘과 인의 함량을 증가시키지 않았다 이상의 결과로부터 난소절제한 흰쥐에서 대두 이소플라본 80 ppm을 첨가한 식이를 급여하면 뼈의 무기질 함량을 증가시킬 수 있으며 이런 효과는 식이 칼슘이 정상일 때 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 대두 이소플라본의 첨가는 폐경성 골다공증을 예방하는데 유효하며 섭취하는 칼슘이 결핍되지 않을 때 그 효과가 더 높을 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.215-219
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• 2001

Purpose: The objective of this study was to estimate the radiation absorbed doses in certain critical organs in the head and neck region with 16 imaging programs available on the Orthopos/sup (R)/ panoramic machine. Materials and Methods: A Rando phantom and LiF TLD chips were used for dosimetry. The absorbed doses were measured at the thyroid gland, the submandibular gland, the parotid gland, the mouth floor. the maxillary sinus, the brain, the mandibular body, the mandibular ramus. the 2nd cervical spine and the skin over TMJ area. Results : The overall absorbed doses with imaging programs available on the Orthopos/sup (R)/ panoramic machine were much less than that of standard program (program 1) except program 8, 11, and 16. Generally, the absorbed doses to the bone marrow of the mandibular ramus and the parotid gland were high, but the absorbed doses to the bone marrow in the mandibular body, brain, maxillary sinus, and, especially, the thyroid gland were very low. Conclusion : The modified imaging programs available on the Orthopos/sup (R)/ panoramic machine can be effectively used in aspect of radiation protection.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.379-382
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• 1998

The 44 years old man was consulted to our department due to restriction of mouth opening. On radiograph, we found bony expansive lesion at right mandibular ramus and temporal bone that it was suspected malignant tumor. So we had performed incisional bone biopsy at right ramus through skin incision. The result of biopsy was osteosarcoma. Then, he had experienced radiation therapy for the protection of recurrence after several times surgery of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, 28 years ago. So, we concluded radiation induced osteosarcoma from his radiation therapy history. He had referred to the department of hematooncology because of severe expansion to skull base and was received 4 times chemotherapy with cisplatin and adriamycin, but he was expired just after 4th chemotherapy. Such radiation induced osteosarcoma have relative good prognosis due to rare metastasis from other reports. So if it will early detect from close follow up after radiation therapy, survival rate will rise up. But we missed early detection of our case. So, we report a case of rare radiation induced osteosarcoma. Ly detection of our case.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.424-432
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• 2004

The handling and transport of broiler birds from farm to the processing factory is known to cause injury and dead. The preslaughter period can be compromised through thermal stress, emotional stress, starvation, dehydration, metabolic exhaustion, trauma to the skin and bone fraction resulting in bruising and dead. This paper focuses on the control points of individual post Harvest stages by reference to recent literature. In catching, the injuries and deads are caused from fracture of bone, skin damage and hipbone dislocation. It can be improved by training the catchers. The primary factor of dead during transportation is from thermal stress. It is related to stocking density, type of crate and vehicle, ventilation and transportation time. Of the factors, the ventilation is very important. The holding place should be built with consideration of protection from the hostile external environment. There were not much progresses in this area, however, many researches are conducting to focus on animal welfare in European Union. Recently, it is rapidly changed in marketing custom from whole carcass to portion cut in Korea. This means the increase of economic loss due to the mishandling at post harvest. The systematic approach is demanded for this area.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2005

전산화 단층촬영검사 시 환자가 받는 피폭선량과 장치 이용 실태를 파악하기 위한 목적으로 대한병원협회에 등록된 전국의 278개 의료기관에 설문지를 발송하여 설문에 응답한 161개 의료기관의 자료를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 검사의 부위별 촬영분포는 Brain(40.7%), Abdomen(27.8%), Chest(15.7%), Spine(4.8%), Pelvis(4.1%), PNS(3.2%) Facial bone(2.5%), Extremity(1.1%)등으로 Brain검사가 가장 많았다. 2. 검사 부위별 선량지수에 대한 통계는 성인의 경우 Brain 38.0mGy, Chest 10.1mGy, Abdomen 12.0mGy, Pelvis 13.2mGy, PNS 27.5mGy, Facial bone 28.6mGy, Spine 26.0mGy, Extremity 13.5mGy이었고, 유아의 경우 Brain 13.6mGy, Abdomen 6.2mGy 이었다. 3. 검사부위별 촬영조건에 대한 통계는 관전압 $100kVp{\sim}120kVp$, 관전류 $100mA{\sim}250mA$, 조사시간은 1초${\sim}$2초를 가장 많이 사용하고 있었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.466-474
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• 2013

Despite the reports on safety concerns regarding the relationship between aluminum salts and neurological and bone disease, many countries continue to use aluminum as phosphate binders among patients with renal failure. In search for a diet supplement that could reduce aluminum toxicity related to renal failure, we carried out this prospective animal study in which the fenugreek seeds were assessed for their effects on rats nephrotoxicity induced by aluminum chloride ($AlCl_3$). Oral $AlCl_3$ administration during 5 months (500 mg/kg bw i.g for one month then 1600 ppm via drinking water) led to plasma biochemical changes, an inhibition of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a decrease of total antioxidant status (TAS), and an induction of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the blood and brain, in addition to kidney atrophy and morphological alterations at the level of Bowman's capsule, the glomerulus and different sorts of tubules, reminiscent of some known kidney disease. The treatment with the whole fenugreek seed powder (FSP) (5% in the diet) during the last 2 months showed its effectiveness in restoring normal plasma values of urea, creatinine, ALP and glucose, as well as re-increasing the TAS, inhibiting LPO and alleviating histopathological changes in the injured kidneys. This study highlights the induced nephrotoxicicity, as well as the related toxicity in the brain and bone, by chronic oral ingestion of the aluminum salts. However, the maintenance of a diet supplemented with fenugreek seeds could offer protection for the kidney, bone and brain, at the same time.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2014

Purpose: In the anterior maxilla, hard and soft tissue augmentations are sometimes required to meet esthetic and functional demands. In such cases, primary soft tissue closure after bone grafting procedures is indispensable for a successful outcome. This report describes a simple method for soft tissue coverage of a guided bone regeneration (GBR) site using the double-rotated palatal subepithelial connective tissue graft (RPSCTG) technique for a maxillary anterior defect. Methods: We present a 60-year-old man with a defect in the anterior maxilla requiring hard and soft tissue augmentations. The bone graft materials were filled above the alveolar defect and a titanium-reinforced nonresorbable membrane was placed to cover the graft materials. We used the RPSCTG technique to achieve primary soft tissue closure over the graft materials and the barrier membrane. Additional soft tissue augmentation using a contralateral RPSCTG and membrane removal were simultaneously performed 7 weeks after the stage 1 surgery to establish more abundant soft tissue architecture. Results: Flap necrosis occurred after the stage 1 surgery. Signs of infection or suppuration were not observed in the donor or recipient sites after the stage 2 surgery. These procedures enhanced the alveolar ridge volume, increased the amount of keratinized tissue, and improved the esthetic profile for restorative treatment. Conclusions: The use of RPSCTG could assist the soft tissue closure of the GBR sites because it provides sufficient soft tissue thickness, an ample vascular supply, protection of anatomical structures, and patient comfort. The treatment outcome was acceptable, despite membrane exposure, and the RPSCTG allowed for vitalization and harmonization with the recipient tissue.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2011

In 1967, the problem of occupational lead exposure came to public attention in Korea. Since then, regular progress has been made in lowering workplace lead exposures, instituting new workplace controls, and implementing health examinations of exposed workers. Past serious lead poisoning episodes made it possible to introduce biological monitoring programs on a voluntary basis in high-lead-exposure facilities in Korea. Industry-specific occupational health services for lead workers in Korea during the last 22 years can be categorized into three phases. During the first phase (1988-1993), efforts were directed at increasing awareness among workers about the hazards of lead exposure, biological monitoring of blood zinc protoporphyrin began, and a respiratory protection program was introduced. During the second phase (1994-1997), a computerized health management system for lead workers was developed, blood-lead measurement was added to biologic monitoring, and engineering controls were introduced in the workplace to lower air-lead levels to comply with air-lead regulations. Finally, during the third phase (1998-present), a new biomarker, bone-lead measurement by X-ray fluorescence, was introduced. Bone-lead measurement proved to be useful for assessing body burden and to demonstrate past lead exposure in retired workers. Occupational health service practice for lead workers, including the industry-specific group occupational health system, has brought considerable success in the prevention of lead poisoning and in reducing the lead burden in Korean lead workers during the last several decades. The successful achievement of prevention of lead poisoning in Korea was a result of the combined efforts of lead workers, employers, relevant government agencies, and academic institutes.