• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.65-69
• /
• 1997

The bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP) in 130 sera of normal dogs were assayed according to the lectin precipitation method of Rosalki and Foo. The serum BALP activities showed a wide variation as $23.27({\pm}14.73)$ IU/L in young dogs from 6weeks to 12 months old and were lower in magnitude as $9.24({\pm}3.36)$ IU/L in elder dogs from 1 years to 6years old. The serum BALP activities in normal dogs were no significant correlation in sex.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.242-249
• /
• 2005

It is well established that zinc plays an important role in bone metabolism and mineralization. The role of zinc in bone formation is well documented in animal models, but not much reported in cell models. In the present study, we evaluated zinc deficiency effects on osteoblastic cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and expression, and extracellular matrix bone nodule formation and bone-related gene expression in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. To deplete cellular zinc, chelexed-FBS and interpermeable zinc chelator TPEN were used. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in zinc concentration-dependent (0-15 ${\mu}M\;ZnCl_2$) and time-dependent (0-20 days) manners. MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation by MTT assay was increased as medium zinc level increased (p<0.05). Cellular Ca level and alkaline phosphatase activity were increased as medium zinc level increased (p<0.05). Alkaline phosphatase expression, a marker of commitment to the osteoblast lineage, measured by alkaline phosphatase staining was increased as medium zinc level increased. Extracellular calcium deposits measured by von Kossa staining for nodule formation also appeared higher in Zn+(15 ${\mu}M\;ZnCl_2$) than in Zn-(0 ${\mu}M\;ZnCl_2$). Bone formation marker genes, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, were also expressed higher in Zn+ than in Zn-. The current work supports the beneficial effect of zinc on bone mineralization and bone-related gene expression. The results also promote further study as to the molecular mechanism of zinc deficiency for bone formation and thus facilitate to design preventive strategies for zinc-deficient bone diseases.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.39 no.6
• /
• pp.1197-1209
• /
• 1999

Twenty-one dogs(male 11 heads, female 10 heads) which were about 16 months ($16.3{\pm}3.5$) old and 10kg($10.1{\pm}2.0$) body weight, were allotted randomly into four groups as follows. Group I consisted of five dogs whose muscles were operated for sham muscle injuries. Group II consisted of seven dogs treated for cystic duct obstruction. Group III consisted of five dogs treated for the union fracture model. Group IV consisted of five dogs treated for the non-union fracture model. Radiographical and histological observations were carried out to determine bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP) and total alkaline phosphatase(TALP) values of each group for 20 weeks after the treatments with the condition of new bone formation. And also the applicability of percentage of BALP values to TALP (B/T) was studied after BALP was compared respectively with TALP. The level of TALP was increased without any relation to bone formation in group II, and all levels of BALP and B/T were increased in group III. The mean of B/T was high in statistical significance, due to varied levels of B/T and BALP. The changes of rates of B/T were significantly increased only in the case of the active new bone formation in group III, union fracture model. It was recognized that the mean values of B/T were statistical significant of the high applicability of the B/T ratio as an index of bone formation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.99-102
• /
• 1989

The level of serum alkaline phosphatase activity was determined in 7 Japanese Black steers at different ages. The isoenzyme activity of non-bone origin was estimated using a heat-inactivation technique. The activity of serum alkaline phosphatase (SALP, K-A unit) decreased as age (AGE, mo.) increased: SALP = 14.15 - 0.17 (${\pm}\;0.03$) AGE, r = -0.81, P<0.01, $S.E.\;{\pm}\;0.28$. The variation of the activity was greater in younger age than the older. The temperature of $58^{\circ}C$ for the treatment of heat inactivation of bovine serum appeared to be suitable. The percentage of heat inactivated enzyme activity negatively correlated with age and positively with the level of serum alkaline phosphatase activity. The activity of SALP of non-bone origin was inferred to stay at about constant level irrespective of age and that of bone origin decreased with age.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.163-169
• /
• 1998

Fluoride (F), over a narrow concentration range, increases bone formation. Aluminum (Ai) too is biphasic in its action on bone, being mitogenic at very low levels and inhibitory at higher levels. Both F and Al are present in finished drinking water where the chemical interaction of these two agents is well characterized. F and AI, given individually, accumulate preferentially in bone. In addition. in vivo studies have shown that F causes the co-accumulation of Al in bone. Thus, it was necessary to determine the interactive effect of these two agents on bone mitogenesis. Calvaria were obtained from neonatal CD-1 mice and cultured with various concentrations of F (0.05~19 ppm) as NaF, Al (2 ppb~2 ppm) as $AlCl_3$ , or F and Al for 3 days at $37^{\circ}C$ on a rotating roller drum. Alkaline phosphatase activity in calvaria and $\beta$-glucuronidase activity in culture medium were determined as a measures of bone turnover. Alkaline phosphatase activity in calvaria was significantly increased by F (0.05~2 ppm) treatment and $\beta$-glucuronidase activity was slightly increased in the culture medium of calvaria treated with 0.3 ppm Al. The combination of 19 ppm F and 0.3 ppm Al increased alkaline phosphatase activity in calvaria, but did not affect $\beta$-glucuronidase activity, suggesting the interactive effect of fluoride and aluminum on bone turnover.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.397-401
• /
• 2011

Aspiration of lytic bone lesions is an excellent diagnostic test in the initial evaluation of primary bone tumor. However, cytologically, it can be difficult to differentiate osteosarcoma (OSA) from other bone neoplasms, including fibrosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, synovial cell sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. The purpose of this study is to introduce alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining to differentiate OSA from other mesenchymal tumors. Tumors actively producing bone are specifically positive for ALP staining. Unstained, cytologic specimens were incubated for 10 minutes with nitroblue tetrazolium chloride/5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate toluidine salt-phosphatase substrate. Among 20 cases of cytology specimen, 14 were positive for ALP staining and histopathology, 6 were negative for ALP staining and histopathology. ALP staining was 100% sensitive and specificity for the diagnosis of OSA. Aspirate cytology with ALP staining was a simple, fast, safe and accurate diagnostic test for the evaluation of suspected OSA lesions in dogs.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.24 no.1 s.44
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 1994

The movement of teeth during orthodontic treatment requires bone remodeling process of bone formation and bone resolution. To find out the changes occuring in the cell itself, mechanical stress was applied to the cell populations involved in the bone metabolism. Bone tissue cell populations were isolated from fetal rat calvaria and divided into OC and OB groups. Following results were obtained from measuring the changes in acid & alkaline phosphatease activity, cyclic AMP and $PGE_2$ production in time lapse after the application of mechanical stress. 1. In case of the marker enzyme of specific bone tissue cell, acid phosphatase activity was high in OC group and alkaline phosphatase activity was high in OB group. 2. After the mechanical stress was applied, acid phosphatase activity was decreased in both OC and OB groups and alkaline phosphatase activity was increase in OB group. 3. When the mechanical stress was applied for 15, 30 and 60 minutes, the production of $PGE_2$ increased in both OC and OB groups, as the time span increased. 4. When the mechanical stress was applied for 20 and 40 minutes, the production of $PGE_2$ increased in both OC and OB groups, as the time span increased.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.39-43
• /
• 2013

Carthamus tinctorius L. and Eucommia umoides Oliver are often used in traditional herbal medicines for reducing damage to the liver, kidney, bone and muscle. In the present study, we investigated cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity in the human osteoblast-like MG-63 cell line with methanol extracts of Carthami Semen (CS) and Eucommiae Cortex (EC) alone or in a mixture (CS+EC). Osteoblast cell viability was evaluated using the MTS assay and alkaline phosphatase activity assays. The cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity significantly increased in MG-63 osteoblast cells treated with the CS+EC mixture. These findings suggest the CS+EC mixture may have beneficial effects on bone health through the proliferation of osteoblast cells.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.397-402
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of alendronate and pamidronate on proliferation and the alkaline phosphatase activity of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells and to relate the results with bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw(BRONJ). With the consent of patients with no systemic disease and undergoing iliac bone graft, cancellous bone was collected to obtain human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells through cell culture. 96 well plate were prepared with a concentration of $10^4$cell/ well. Alendronate and pamidronate were added to each well with the concentration of $10^{-6}M$, $10^{-8}M$ and $10^{-10}M$, respectively. Then proliferation capacity of each well was evaluated with the cell counting kit. 24 well plates were prepared with a concentration of $10^5$cell/ml/well and with the bone supplement, alendronate and pamidronate were added with the concentration of $10^{-6}M$, $10^{-8}M$ and $10^{-10}M$, respectively on each plate. The plates were cultured for either 24 or 72 hours. Then the cells were sonicated to measure the alkaline phosphatase activity and protein assay was done to standardize the data for analysis. As the concentration of alendronate or pamidronate added to the culture increased, the proliferation capacity of the cells decreased. However, no statistical significance was found between the group with $10^{-10}M$ of bisphophonate and the control group. Pamidronate was not capable of increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity in all trials. However, alkaline phosphatase activity increased with 24 hours of $10^{-8}M$ of alendronate treatment and with 48 hours of $10^{-10}M$ of alendronate treatment. Cell toxicity increased as the bisphosphonate concentration increased. This seems to be associated with the long half life of bisphosphonate, resulting in high concentration of bisphosphonate in the jaw and thus displaying delayed healing after surgical procedures. Alendronate has shown to increase the alkaline phophatase activity of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. However, this data is insufficient to conclude that alendronate facilitates the differentiation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. Further studies on DNA level and animal studies are required to support these results.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.417-421
• /
• 2005

This study was to analyze the changes of levels of alkaline phosphatase before and after enucleation of jaw cysts combined with bone grafting, and to evaluate biochemically the effectiveness of the early detection of bone healing and infection as a prognostic marker. Eighteen patients (13 males, 5 females) with cystic lesions of the jaws were divided into two groups. The bone graft group underwent enucleation and bone graft. The control group underwent only enucleation. Both groups were measured levels of ALP before surgery, and plus-minus 4 weeks postoperatively. The more discriminating results were obtained in the bone graft group. The results were as follows : 1. Levels of ALP after enucleation of jaw cysts were decreased in all patients with and without bone graft. 2. The bone graft group showed more marked decrease in variation of levels of ALP than the control group.(p=0.008) This should be considered as a result of increased osteoblastic activity and new bone formation. 3. Such variation could be used as a prognostic marker for bone healing after cyst operation. In the cost/benefit ratio, measurement of ALP activity could be useful as a convenient procedure in routine clinical practice.