• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.14-17
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• 2006

Infants who are born prematurely or with low birth weight should be immunized at the same postnatal chronologic age. They should receive BCG, DTaP, IPV vaccines according to the same recommended schedule as full term infants. Hepatitis B vaccine schedule is modified when hepatitis B vaccine is administered a infant with birth weight less than 2,000 g. The recommended standard dose of each vaccine should be administered. Proportion of children experiencing vaccine-related adverse events dose not differ between full-term and preterm infants. Immunization with routinely recommended childhood vaccines is safe for preterm and low birth weight infants.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.183-189
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• 1999

본 연구는 강원도 평창군에 위치한 축산기술연구소 대관령 지소에서 사육된 한우 587두와 중국 연변지역 일반농가에서 사육된 연변황우 619두, 총 1,206두의 자료를 이용하여 모우산차, 송아지의 성별, 출생 년도 및 출생계절 등의 환경요인의 효과를 추정하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 한우와 연변황우의 임신기간의 최소자승평균치는 각각 287.3$\pm$0.60 및 282.3$\pm$0.80 일이었으며, 생시체중은 각각 24.9$\pm$0.25 및 25.2$\pm$0.24kg이었다. 2. 한우에서 임신기간과 생시체중은 산차가 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였으나 (p＜0.01) 연변황우는 유의성이 없었다. 3. 한우와 연변황우 모두 숫송아지 생시체중이 암송아지보다 더 무거웠고 (p＜0.01) 한우는 숫송아지 임신소의 임신기간이 암송아지 임신소의 임신기간보다 더 걸었으나 (p＜0.01)황우는 유의성이 없었다. 4. 생시체중에 대한 출생 년도의 효과는 한우와 연변황우에서 유의성이 있었으나 (p＜0.01) 임신기간에 대한 출생 년도의 효과는 유의성이 없었다. 5. 한우와 연변황우 모두 봄에 출생한 송아지가 제일 무거웠고 가을에 출생한 송아지가 제일 작았다 (p＜0.01).

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 1993

본 연구는 $1990 1 1{\sim}1992 12 31$ 기간 중 서울대학 어린이 병원 소아정신과와 중앙 대학부속 용산병원 소아청소년 크리닉을 방문한 자폐아동 중에서 1986년 및 1988년에 출생한 환자를 대상으로 하여 출생계절 및 출생순위, 자폐아 출산 당시의 산모 연령에 어떤 특이점이 있는지를 알아보기 위해 일반 인구집단의 출생자료와 비교하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 자폐아군은 총 357명이었으며 이중 남아가 319명 (89.4%), 여아가 38명(10.4%)으로 남녀 성비는 8.4:1이었다.2) 자폐아군의 월별분포나 계절별분포에 있어 대조군과 차이가 없었다. 3) Slater 및 Greenwood-Yule 방법에 의한 자폐아군의 출생순위를 대조군과 비교 분석한 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다.4) 자폐아군은 일반 대조군에 비해 출생 당시의 산모의 연령이 통계적으로 의미있게 높았다(p<01) 5) 출산의 위험도가 높은 임신은 일반 대조군에 비해 자폐아군에서 통계적으로 의미있게 많았다(p<01)

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate pregnancy outcomes and the live birth rate at 1-year age increments in women aged ${\geq}40years$ undergoing fresh non-donor in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET), and to identify predictors of success in these patients. Methods: This retrospective study was performed among women ${\geq}40years$ of age between 2004 and 2011. Of the 2,362 cycles that were conducted, ET was performed in 1,532 (73.1%). Results: The clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate in women ${\geq}40years$ significantly decreased with each year of increased age (p<0.001). Maternal age (odds ratio [OR], 0.644; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.540-0.769; p<0.001), basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (OR, 0.950; 95% CI, 0.903-0.999; p=0.047), the number of high-quality embryos (OR, 1.258; 95% CI, 1.005-1.575; p=0.045), and the number of transferred embryos (OR, 1.291; 95% CI, 1.064-1.566; p=0.009) were significant predictors of live birth. A statistically significant increase in live birth rates was seen when ${\geq}3$ embryos were transferred in patients 40 to 41 years of age, whereas poor pregnancy outcomes were seen in patients ${\geq}43years$ of age, regardless of the number of transferred embryos. Moreover, the cumulative live birth rate increased in patients 40 to 42 years of age with repeated IVF cycles, but the follicle-stimulating hormone in those ${\geq}43years$ of age rarely showed an increase. Conclusion: IVF-ET has acceptable outcomes in those < 43 years of age when a patient's own oocytes are used. Maternal age, basal FSH levels, and the number of high-quality embryos and transferred embryos are useful predictors of live birth.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to measure anthropometric and haemoglobin level and nutrient intake of expecting women in the third trimester of pregnancy and to relate the birth weight of neonates as outcome of pregnancy. A cross sectional study was performed in Zahedan City. Two hospitals situated in the city were selected based on their approval and cooperation. Five hundred healthy pregnant women in the age group 16-40 years were selected for this study. Findings showed that the mean height, weight, fundal height, and haemoglobin of pregnant women were 156.4 cm, 62.6 kg, 34.2 cm, and 11.1g/dl respectively. Nutrient intake was computed based on 24 hour recall method. The results showed that, the mean intake of energy was 1802 Kcal/day. The intake of protein, calcium, iron, zinc and magnesium were 70.7 g, 544.0 mg, 16.1 mg, 10.6 mg and 266.0 mg respectively. Percentage adequacy of nutrient intakes with reference to RDA recommendation showed 95% and 80% of subjects had sufficient RDA intakes, while energy, calcium, iron and zinc intake considered as insufficient. The mean birth weight of neonates was 3.0 kg and 13% of neonates showed low birth weight. Maternal height, weight, fundal height and haemoglobin level were significantly correlated with birth weight of neonates. Energy, protein and calcium intakes in the third trimester were significantly correlated with birth weight of neonates. Using the binary logistic regression analysis fundal height, haemoglobin level and energy intake of pregnant women were considered as predictor factors of birth weight of neonates.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2017

Purpose: Although procalcitonin (PCT) level is useful for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, PCT reliability is inconsistent because of the varied conditions encountered in neonatal intensive care units. This study aimed to investigate PCT levels and factors influencing increased PCT levelin newborns without bacterial infection during the first week of life. Methods: In newborns hospitalized between March 2013 and October 2015, PCT levels were measured on the first, third, and seventh days after birth. Newborns with proven bacterial (blood culture positive for bacteria) or suspicious infection (presence of C-reactive protein expression or leukocytosis/leukopenia) were excluded. Various neonatal conditions were analyzed to identify the factors influencing increased PCT level. Results: Among 292 newborns with a gestational age of $35.2{\pm}3.0$ weeks and a birth weight of $2,428{\pm}643g$, preterm newborns (n=212) had higher PCT levels than term newborns (n=80). Of the newborns, 7.9% had increased PCT level (23 of 292) on the firstday; 28.3% (81 of 286), on the third day; and 3.3% (7 of 121), on the seventh day after birth. The increased PCT level was significantly associated with prenatal disuse of antibiotics (P=0.004) and surfactant administration (P<0.001) on the first day after birth, postnatal use of antibiotics (P=0.001) and ventilator application (P=0.001) on the third day after birth, and very low birth weight (P=0.042) on the seventh day after birth. Conclusion: In newborns without bacterial infection, increased PCT level was significantly associated with lower gestational age and respiratory difficulty during the first week of life. Further studies are needed for clinical applications.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.499-508
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sensorimotor stimulation on the development of infant with low birth weight premature. Methods : Ten infants with low birth weight premature and ten normal infants participated in this study. We carried out test TIMP(Test of Infants Motor Performance) according pre intervention, post 3 weeks, PCA 40 week and normal infants. The intervention of sensorimotor stimulation applied to infants with low birth weight premature four times a week and fifteen minutes a once time. There was no intervention for normal infants. The collected dada were analyzed by ANOVA using by SPSS/PC 17.0 ver. program. Results : There was significant difference among three differential test period to improved developmental value in infants with low birth weight premature. According over time, numbers of observed items presented significant difference among test period, and elicited total score and total raw score was significant value(p=.00). There was no significant value that means sensorimotor stimulation affected on development of infants with low birth weight premature. Conclusions : In conclusion, sensorimotor stimulation had affects on the development of infants with low birth weight premature.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2006

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of women's late age of marriage on the interval between marriage and their first birth Methods: Data from Year 2000 Korea National Fertility Survey was collected through direct interview questionings, and the data was analyzed based on randomly selected sampling. In particular, the married women (N=5,648) were analyzed for the factors that determined the first-birth interval by performing Cox's proportional hazard model survival analysis. Results: Unlike previous findings, the woman whose age of marriage was 30 or more was more likely to delay the birth of her first baby than were the other women who married earlier. Further, a woman's age at marriage, a woman's residence before marriage, her husband's religion, her husband's level of education and the difference in age between the woman and her husband significantly influenced the first-birth interval. In contrast, for a married woman, her age, level of education, current residence and religion were not significant predictors of her first birth interval. Conclusions: Our study showed that women who married at the age of 30 years or more tend to postpone their first birth in Korea. When facing the increasing number of women who marry at a late age, the Korean government should implement population and social policies to encourage married women have their first child as early as possible.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.75-78
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of macrocephaly at birth in Korea using ultrasonography. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the medical records of full-term birth neonates in Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center from January 2000 to June 2012. The following parameters were recorded and analyzed: gestational age, sex, birth weight, height, occipitofrontal circumference (OFC), physical examination, perinatal problems, and ultrasonography results. Macrocephaly was diagnosed when the OFC was greater than two standard deviations, based on the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts. Results: There were 75 neonates with macrocephaly at birth (52 boys and 23 girls), with a mean OFC of $38.1{\pm}0.49cm$. A comparison of the birth weight and height with the OFC value showed that height was correlated with OFC (r=0.35) but birth weight was not correlated with OFC (r=0.06). There were no remarkable findings in 56 cases (75%). Germinal matrix hemorrhage was identified in 10 cases (13%). An enlarged cerebrospinal fluid space was found in 5 cases (6.7%). There were 3 cases of mega-cisterna magna (4%), 1 case of ventriculomegaly, and 1 case of an enlarged interhemispheric space (6 mm) among these patients. In addition, a choroid plexus cyst was seen in 1 case. Mineralizing vasculopathy in both basal ganglia with no evidence of congenital infection was found in 2 cases and an asymptomatic subarachnoid hemorrhage was found in 1 case. Conclusion: Our results indicate that macrocephaly at birth has benign ultrasonography findings and shows a pattern of male dominance.

• 한국인구학
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.151-179
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• 2012

본 연구는 Hernes 모형을 활용하여 출생코호트의 관점에서 최근까지 한국 사회가 경험한 혼인 및 출산 생애과정에서의 전반적인 변화 양상과 교육수준별 차이를 분석하고 있다. 분석 결과는, 첫째, 전반적으로 우리나라의 생애 혼인율이 매우 높은 수준이지만 상대적으로 가장 최근 출생코호트(1965~74) 남성의 경우 혼인율 감소폭이 다소 크게 나타나고 있음을 보여 주었다. 둘째, 출생코호트를 가로질러 관측된 생애 혼인율 감소는 추가적으로 교육수준별로 분화되는 모습을 보여 주었는데, 남성의 경우 저학력자 그리고 여성의 경우 고학력자의 생애 비혼 가능성이 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 출생코호트를 가로지른 출산 경험과 관련하여 첫째 및 둘째 출산에서는 출생코호트별 격차가 작은 반면 셋째 출산에서의 격차가 크게 나타남으로써 출생코호트를 가로질러 나타난 출산력에서의 양적 변화는 대체로 셋째 이상의 고순위 출산과 밀접히 연관됨을 시사하고 있다. 넷째, 출산에서의 교육수준별 격차와 관련하여 출산순위가 높아질수록 교육과 출산 사이에 보다 뚜렷한 역관계가 관측되었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 분석 결과는 혼인 및 출산이 교육수준과 연계되는 방식이 다소 상이함을 보여 주었다. 남성과 여성 모두 최근의 출생코호트로 올수록 교육수준별 생애 혼인율에서의 격차가 커지는 경향을 보여 주지만 고순위 출산에서 관측되는 교육수준별 패턴은 최근 출생코호트로 올수록 교육수준별 격차가 오히려 감소하는 상반된 패턴을 보여 주었다.