• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.1 s.63
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• pp.225-234
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• 2006

Product designers sketch various ideas of foreground figures(detail design) onto background figures(basic form) and evaluate numerous combinations of them in the late stages of design process. Designers have to test their ideas elaborately with a high-fidelity physical model that looks like a real product. However, due to the requirements of time and expense in making high-fidelity design models, it is impossible to evaluate such a number of combinatorial solutions of background and foreground figures. Contrary to digital models, physical design models are not easily modifiable and so designers cannot easily develope ideas through iterative design-evaluation process. To address these problems, we proposed a new concept 'Augmented Plasticity' that gives morphological editability to a rigid physical object using Augmented Reality technology and implemented the idea as Digital Skin system. Digital Skin system figures out the position and orientation of object surface with ARToolKit visual marker and superimposes a deformed surface image seamlessly using differential rendering method. We tried to apply Digital Skin system to detail design, redesign of product, and material exploration task. In consequence, it was found that Digital Skin system has potential to allow designers to implement and test their ideas very efficiently in the late stages of design process.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.75-91
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• 2003

This study analyzed descriptions about dots, lines, and sides which are used as a basic elements to express geometric figures as followings: -In the aspect of formative art, dots form images and feelings through their concurrence when make a slight move to coordinates. The concurrence can bring out either positive or negative images; -Lines have unlimited variation as a core measure in body art. They can make optimal effects with different lines such as straight and curved lines of human body; -Sides express not only effects of texture and perspective but also of space and solid by color effects. Expressive characteristics and geometric shapes can be classified by tattoo, henna and body painting: First, colorful tattoos are favored by Caucasian and original tattoos are mostly used by yellow and colored races in the way of scarification to get decorative effects. Recently, a rapid cycle of fashion change in tattoo figures has developed a tentative method of tattooing and a variety of decoration methods. It has made it a lot easier to change a pattern of a tattoo. Tattoos are now popular among people because they no longer have to suffer from pains when they get their body tattooed for a long time. Since tattoos boast their unique beauty which consists of most dynamic and attractive images among the types of body art. It will be one of the most favored make-up methods in the nearest future. Second, geometric designs used in henna include crosses, dots, straight lines, triangles, date palms, and so on. Henna has been particularly loved as an instant decoration by the public since it gradually disappears as time goes on. Third, body painting enables to draw a three-dimensional effect because of its close relation with body movements in a limited space. Each individual will have a different feeling appealed in their body painting. Body painting has been applied to many different areas, especially to theatrical art using lights, music and performance altogether producing impromptu and experimental works. Unlike other arts such as painting, sculpture, visual and industrial arts, body painting has mobility. Since it is painted on a three-dimensional human body, it can bear originality expressing realistic objects or animals and strengthen creative functions using body lines. Moreover, geometric designs can be diversified by the sexes. As a result of analysis, geometric designs expressed in body art seemed to transcend expressions of beauty and turned out to be another way of decoration. Body art has also been used as a way to express visual integration and consolidation dynamically not by human instinct but by social changes. The needs for body art will grow as the future comes nearer and be recognized as a new and fresh value. Formative elements of geometric figures deliver visual impressions combined with human body and finally create more various types of body art in harmony of body lines.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1596-1610
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• 2010

This study investigates the studies of development of apparel basic pattern published in domestic journals and the trends in related studies. It also provides basic information on directions for future studies. The data was collected from the theses of domestic journals of the Korean Studies Information (KSI) which were published until December 31, 2009 and retrieved by a keyword related to the design of basic apparel patterns. The data was classified by the journals, the year of publication, research themes, research subjects, and research methods. They were analyzed to find out the overall distribution status and characteristics by time. The number of theses for the analysis was 73 published in 11 Journals total. Reviewing the theses by dividing the times into 7 Chronicles of 5 years in each term since the first thesis was published in 1968, it was found that more active research had been done as time went by. The theme of the theses in most cases was the composition of western apparel. As for items, most cases were on the study of bodice torso basic patterns. Since the period of 5-6 Chronicles, studies in the pattern of underwear, jacket, shirts blouse have gradually increased and the development of patterns using elastic materials are increasing as well. Women were dominant in the studies as subjects and so were young people of both sexes. Unlike the studies in earlier times that focused on the average figure, studies on developing patterns for various figure types have been made since the 5-6 Chronicles. However, there were limited studies on the figures of infants, male youth, seniors, and obese males. As for the research methods, there were common processes for validity testing of patterns through the measurement of the human figure, survey of customers and companies, designing pilot patterns, and wearing trials. The studies showed characteristic the differences in research methods according to the period.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.141-151
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• 2010

The purpose of the study was to offer basic documents to the textile fashion industry by investigating changes of figures by various factors as each other social and environment. This study analyzes characterization and classification of body types of Mongolian men. 100 adult subjects within the 18 to 24 age group were studied. The physical measurements of the research subjects come up to a total of 63 items. Data was statistically analyzed with SPSS program using basic statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan-test, factor analysis and cluster analysis. The conclusions are as follows. In the result of factors analysis in physical measurements of Mongolian men, 10 factors such as the vertical size of body, on the obesity of body, the leg size, the bust from back length, the bust from front length, the shoulder size were extracted. The accumulated contributory rate of these was 73.86%. The cluster analysis for the comparison of the body types, by categorizing the body types produced three types. The comparison of 45 items in physical measurements between Korean men and Mongolian men resulted in the differences in 20 items. While the height items including stature between them showed negligible differences.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.3
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• pp.13-24
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes brought by the upper body form using a three-dimensional human body measurement the gypsum method. The developed plane figure was constructed using paper replica to analyze the dimensional shape of the upper torso and to be able to design clothes suitable for elderly women's physical characteristics. The characteristics are analyzed and compared with existing patterns in order to extract the components for the pattern design. The examination was carried out based on the developed plane figures of upper body surface replicas. Type 1, the bent-forward body form, has a wide gap on the shoulder. In Type 2, the gap of waist line was wide at angulus scapulae point. Type 3 was the thin body form, and the girth of the chest, front interscye breadth and back interscye breadth were more level with one another, compared to the other types. In Type 4, the bent-backward body form, there was a wide gap on front shoulder. Comparison with the developed plane figure and existed pattern, items revealed differences in significance included the front and back interscye width between the measured values of the existed patterns and the developed plane figure. Therefore, the basic components of basic bodice pattern for old women were determined in the up-bust circumference and length of the back.

• Proceeding of KASS Symposium
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.19-24
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• 2008

The thesis is for gust factor needing when calculate the wind resistance design. For the gust factor, to the membrane structural model, carry through the wind tunnel test and the static load test. Therefore, at first through the tensile test of the fabric material, designate the material of the membrane structural model. Then, to saddle, wave, arch and point four kinds of basic shape membrane structural models, carry on the wind tunnel test, determine their dynamic load and distortion on lateral direction. Finally, according to distort situation of the membrane structure in the wind tunnel test, carry on the static load experiment outside of the wind tunnel, calculate static load which corresponding with distort. According to dynamic load and the static load, figure out gust factor of these kinds of basic membrane structure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.249-250
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• 2010

This study analyzes the basic characteristics of the concrete using recycled coarse aggregates produced by using a rotary crusher and compares it to that of using a cone crusher. As a result, the recycled aggregate produced by using the rotary crusher represents more excellent results in fluidity and compressive strength according to the increase in the replacement rate of recycled aggregates than that of using the cone crusher. It can be analyzed that it was due to the fact that the particle shape of the recycled aggregate produced by using the rotary crusher showed round figures relatively and that leaded to reduce friction force and remove lots of grouted mortar caused by its wearing.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.1
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• pp.249-271
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• 1987

Applicability of control theories to the efficient operation of accounting system is studied in this paper. Since managerial accounting has been developed along the progrees of control theory, management control theories are essential to explain important attributes of diverse accounting system. Basic concept of control is studied in depth and control systems are classified on the base of their special characteristics. And then the applicability of those control methods to accounting systems are discussed based on behavioral as well as management science approach. In the management science approach, accounting control models of production management, inventory management and R&D are designed with its unique quantitative characteristics. It, however, is very difficult to implement quantified control standards on the behavioral management side. Since most of variables considered on behavioral approach are non-quantitative, only discussion of the theoratical definition has been a main issue on previous studies. In this paper, practicability of the behavioral approach to the accounting control system is studied analyzing state variables and behavior variables of the control system. Theoratical base of the discussion are provided from control theories developed in organization theory and Economics. Basic objective of accounting control practice is to control qualitative human behavior represented by quantified figures while quantitative methods are prevailing over general accounting practice. Therefore, this paper tried to develope and integrate accounting control systems applicable to the behavioral management area as well as management science control side.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.821-840
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• 2013

Definition of geometric figure in middle school geometry seems to mere meaning of the term which could be perceived visually through its shape. However, Much research reported the low achievements of definitions of basic geometric figures. It suggested the limitation of instrumental understanding. In this research, I guided gifted middle school students to reinvent definitions of basic geometric figure by the deductive organization of its properties as Freudenthal pointed. These students understood relationally about why some geometric figure can be defined this way and how it could be defined equally via other properties. This analysis of reinventing of definitions will be a stepping stone to reflect on the pedagogical problems in teaching geometry and to search the new alternatives.

• School Mathematics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.569-583
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• 2013

In Korea, the school mathematics curricula have been revised in every average 6 years by the government. From the year 2013, the new revised curricula called 2009 version are implied. The subject of elementary mathematics in this new curricula contains four issues to be improved. First, it should be allowed to call the basic figures such as box, cylinder, ball, quadrilateral, triangle and circle in verbal languages. Second, the name of the activities to define mathematical concepts should be changed from 'Yaksok', which means 'promise' in English, to a better and more honest one. Third, the concave polygons should be treated together with the convex ones. Fourth, the calculations of fractions should be weakened as much as possible for the elementary school children.