• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.323-331
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• 2019

Purpose: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are implicated in secondary osteoporosis, and the resulting fractures cause significant morbidity. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a vital role in bone metabolism. However, few trials have studied the impact of omega-3 PUFA-containing oils against GC-induced osteoporosis. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine whether supplementation with omega-3 PUFA-containing dietary oils such as fish oil, flaxseed oil or soybean oil can impede the development of GC-induced osteoporosis. Methods: The fatty acids (FAs) content of oils was determined using gas chromatography. Male rats were subdivided into 5 groups (8 rats each): normal control (balanced diet), prednisolone control (10 mg/kg prednisolone daily), soybean oil (prednisolone 10 mg/kg + soybean oil 7% w/w), flaxseed oil (prednisolone 10 mg/kg + flaxseed oil 7% w/w), and fish oil (from cod liver; prednisolone 10 mg/kg + fish oil 7% w/w). Results: The study data exhibited a significant depletion in bone mineral density (BMD) and femur mass in the prednisolone control compared to the normal control, accompanied with a marked decrease in the levels of plasma calcium and 1,25-$(OH)_2$-vitamin $D_3$, and elevated levels of C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Supplementation with fish oil, soybean oil or flaxseed oil helped to improve plasma calcium levels, and suppress oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Additionally, bone resorption was suppressed as reflected by the decreased CTX levels. However, fish oil was more effective than the other two oils with a significant improvement in BMD and normal histological results compared to the normal control. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that supplementation with dietary oils containing omega-3 PUFAs such as fish oil, soybean oil or flaxseed oil can play a role in the prevention of bone loss and in the regulation of bone metabolism, especially fish oil which demonstrated a greater level of protection against GC-induced osteoporosis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.459-468
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs), a set of reference intake values, have served as a basis for guiding a balanced diet that promotes health and prevents disease in the general Korean population. In the process of developing DRIs, a systematic review has played an important role in helping the DRI committees make evidence-based and transparent decisions for updating the next DRIs. Thus, the 2015 KDRI steering committee applied the systematic review framework to the revision process of the KDRIs. The purpose of this article is to summarize the revision process for the 2015 KDRIs by focusing on the systematic review framework. MATERIALS/METHODS: The methods used to develop the systematic review framework for 2015 KDRIs followed the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Tufts Evidence-based Practice Center. The framework for systematic review of the 2015 KDRIs comprised of the 3 following steps: (1) development of an analytic framework and refinement of key questions and search terms; (2) literature search and data extraction; and, (3) appraisal of the literature and summarizing the results. RESULTS: A total of 203,237 studies were retrieved through the above procedure, with 2,324 of these studies included in the analysis. General information, main results, comments of reviewers, and results of quality assessment were extracted and organized by study design. The average points of quality appraisals were 3.0 (range, 0-5) points for intervention, 6.1 (0-9) points for cohort, 6.0 (3-9) points for nested case-control, 5.4 (1-8) points for case-control, 14.6 (0-22) points for cross-sectional studies, and 7.0 (0-11) points for reviews. CONCLUSIONS: Systematic review helped to establish the 2015 KDRIs as a useful tool for evidence-based approach. Collaborative efforts to improve the framework for systematic review should be continued for future KDRIs.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.44-51
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• 2019

Recently, various platforms utilizing blockchains have appeared. In order to develop the blockchain, it is required to improve related laws and institutions. In this respect, we analysis of the laws and systems related to domestic blockchains, draw out the limitations, and suggest directions for improvement. The research method was analyzed the literature and related laws through literature review. It is difficult to analyze the whole law and system at one time, so we examined the necessary laws and systems to revitalize the blockchain. It is confirmed that legal improvement is needed on the scope of electronic transactions and electronic financial transactions, electronic commerce, digital signatures, import and export, personal information protection, blockchain industry promotion and research. Through this, we expect a balanced development of effective blockchain revitalization and protection of national fundamental rights. Individual studies on the legal provisions and systems for each item in the future can be conducted.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.547-567
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• 2022

In this study, I focus on makerspaces, which have rapidly spread since the late 2000s in the world's major cities. Makerspaces, born amid great social change, reflect the core characteristics of industrial space. I analyze the makerspace based on the theoretical perspectives of urbanism in the macroscopic aspect and placeness in the microscopic aspect. The urbanism of makerspaces is manifested through entry into the inner cities and their connections with urban capabilities. This means that convergence with innovation factors is becoming more important than optimization of factor costs and agglomeration economies in the locational determinants of industrial space. The placeness of makerspaces is being re-formed through an emphasis on taste, the expansion of autonomy, and the strengthening of connections. This reveals how the value creation process within the industrial space is changing, from forming-placelessness through standardization, uniformity, and compartmentalization to forming-placeness through restoration of individual humanity and interaction. The results of the urbanism and placenesss analysis carry implications for the present moment, when it is necessary to diversify the spatial planning of industrial spaces.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.16 no.3_spc
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• pp.343-349
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• 2024

Recently, the intercultural approach, which aims to resolve social conflicts in multicultural societies through cultural encounters and dialogue, has been actively discussed. Intercultural education aims to foster smooth relationships and improve communication skills through interactions among various cultural groups. Analysis of previous studies has revealed the need for research on intercultural civic education programs targeted at adults. Therefore, this study was designed to develop an intercultural citizenship education program and to analyze its effects. For the study, previous research on interculturalism, intercultural citizenship education, and intercultural citizenship education programs was comprehensively analyzed. The developed intercultural citizenship education program was categorized into five major themes: understanding oneself and others, racism and hate speech, overcoming conflict and discrimination, breaking away from prejudice and stereotypes, and the future of our country. Subsequently, the program was implemented with 64 total second-year middle school students, 37 in the experimental group, and 27 in the control group, at an accredited lifelong educational institution in M City, South Jeolla Province. To analyze the effects of the education, an intercultural competency scale was used. The results showed that the intercultural citizenship education program for adult students was effective in conflict management, respect, communication, and reflection competencies, all at a statistically significant level. Finally, the authors compared the study results with previous research and discussed the findings. Findings indicated the necessity of enhancing multicultural citizenship awareness among adults and expanding teacher training in intercultural education. The program effectively improved intercultural competence among adult students, highlighting the importance of tailored educational content and active participation in discussions. Future research should ensure a balanced gender ratio among participants.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

In Korea, small and medium sized domestic enterprises(SMEs) play an pivotal role in the national economy, accounting for 99.9% of all enterprises, 87.5% of total employment, and 47.6% of production. and SMEs was driving a real force of the development of national economy in many respects such as job creation, innovation, balanced regional development, industrial diversity. The government has strengthened a variety of policy support to support SMEs. However, due to the mismatch between the difficulties of SMEs and benefits of government's policy, the policy implementation has not come out effectively. In order to effectively support SMEs, government must be a priority to know about the factors that experiencing difficulties in the technology commercialization process. The purpose of this study is thus to identify the major evaluation criteria through 3 level AHP analysis. First, 12 Critical elements are extracted from previous studies and professional interview and these elements are tied into 3 factors; technological factor, inner-organizational factor and Outer-organizational factor. The results of AHP analysis show that inner-organizational factor is more important and 'Market environment' in the inner-organizational factor is the most important element. The results of this research will be useful for public R&D institutions policy makers when establishing technology commercialization support policies and strategic planning of small and medium sized domestic enterprises.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.792-808
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• 2016

Due to the high importance of foreign trade in the national economy, Korea has a lot of ports designated as trade ports compared to the small land size. However, because of the poor utilization results, some small trade ports have been criticized for wasteful financing due to redundant investment in SOC. This is because the characteristics and comparative advantage of foreign trade in trade ports have not been analyzed in detail by region. Therefore, this study analyzes the patterns and types of change in the size of trade, number of cargo items handled, and the number of trade target countries in the past 20 years for 19 domestic small trade ports using the time-series cluster analysis technique. As a result of analysis, Korean small trade ports were classified into five growth pattern types according to the analysis index, and characteristics and implications for each type could be derived. Today, as the foreign trade environment changes drastically and the importance of balanced regional development is emphasized, it is very important to study the growth types and implications of small trade ports and the results of this study are expected to provide meaningful implications for regional port development and operation in the future.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.43-63
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• 2019

The types of inquiry activities included in Life Science II textbooks under the 2015 revised science curriculum were extracted and compared with those of six major and five different publishing companies. The fact that the number of investigation discussions and presentations (IP) increased and the expressions (EX) were included in each unit was interpreted as sufficient to transform the classroom instruction in the 2015 revised science curriculum into student-centered activities. The type of inquiry activities in student-centered activities such as experiment observation, simulation activities, investigation discussions, and presentations accounted for about 41% more than the 27% of 2009 revised science curriculum. However, since data interpretation type is still the largest, it is necessary to reduce the types of data interpretation and to increase the number of types of simulation activities and expressions in order to expand students' creativity and thinking ability when textbook development is needed in the future. In addition to the development of biotechnology, teachers need to reconstruct diverse science materials for each textbook and then use them for students to induce balanced thinking, and try to expand expressive power, creativity, logic, and critical thinking skills.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Recently, as the extreme drought continued due to the reckless development and the dramatical climate change, national concern about the water management issues has been increased rapidly around the world, especially in Korea. Meanwhile, it is necessary to analyze and review the related cases in Australia, where they have developed the consistently, eco-friendly and systematically management from the national level, which is similar to that of Korea in difficult circumstances. Australia has been suffered by repeated droughts and floods due to low rainfall and dryness, and water disputes were begun with immigrant settlement in the 1890s. In the early days, water management agreements for efficient distribution of water resources, water use regulation programs, and federal water laws were enacted, and now the established water management system in which development and conservation are assumed to be well balanced. In Korea, however, in the past, the Ministry of Environment was responsible for water quality issues while the quantity was managed by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and the main local departments for water management were divided. Therefore, it was difficult to manage the integrated water management due to problems such as duplicated works, excessive investments, and inefficiency. To resolve this situation, in 2018, all water management functions were unified, such as enacting the fundamental water-related laws, thereby laying the foundation for the integrated water management system for each basin. From 2019, even the integrated water management system was implemented, we are promoting the effect of sustainable water resource management. In order to establish a management policy for efficient and eco-friendly water management, the IWRM (Integrated Water Resource Management) of Australia, which has been devised in various ways, was analyzed and compared with the present situations and cases occurred in Korea, and the implications from this study would be suggested the future of IWRM in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.51-63
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among parental perception of home-based fine motor experiences in early childhood, home environment, and frequency of fine motor activities, and to investigate a mediating role of home environment in the process of parental perception influencing early childhood's frequency of fine motor activities. The data from 214 five-year-old children and their parents from six early childhood education centers in Gyeonggi province were collected and analyzed. The data were processed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23 and analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and bootstrapping analysis. The major findings were as follows: First, gender differences in parental perception, home environment, and frequency of fine motor activities existed in that values across all three variables were higher for girls than for boys. Second, parental perception, home environment and frequency of fine motor activities were positively correlated. Third, partial mediating effects of home environment on the relation between parental perception and the frequency of fine motor activities were found. These findings show an existence of gender differences in early childhood's fine motor activities. This research also affirms the significance of increasing the frequency of fine motor activities by enhancing parental perceptions for balanced motor development of boys and girls, and establishing a home environment conducive to fine motor activities at any time and in any location.