• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.271-286
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• 2000

This study is designed to investigate what elders think about the meaning of aging. We have used Q-methods to identify meaning of aging from elders, and developed self-referenced surveys to analyze characteristics In this study, we used a non-structured method to select Q sampling. From 183 Q populations, we selected 36 Q sampling. A total of 32 persons sixty-years or older were randomly selected for P samples, When the Q-sorting was complete, we interviewed the participants at both end of the extremes(agree or disagree), and documented their responses. We used PC QUANL to process the data and used principal component analysis for Q factor analysis. There were five subjective types for the meaning of aging by elders. Of the 32 P-samples of elders, 11 were identified as Type 1, 7 as Type 2, 2 as Type 3, 8 as Type 4, and 4 as Type 5. Type 1 : 'Matured elders' Elders wished the well being of their children, thought older persons should maintain good health, worried about becoming senile, and dependent God believing in life after death. Type 2 : 'Assertive-Rights' Elders categorized as Assertive-Rights insisted on their rights to life as a person. Type 2 elders characterized themselves as people who should keep themselves healthy, become weak and lack sexual desires, act selfish like a child, need to be protected, and be financially independent. Type 3 : 'Passive-Dependents' Elders characterize themselves as those who pray for their children's well being, worry about the children even after their death. and becoming senile. Type 4 : 'Hopeless' The 'Hopeless' type of elders characterized aging as a time to pray for their children, insignificant beings, thoughts were selfish and child-like, poor, worried about going senile, regret their life overall, and preferred to die than to live as an old person. Type 5 : 'Attached-Present' The 'Attached-Present' type of elders thought elderly characterized themselves as acting selfish and child-like, wiser, anxious, regret their life, stand aloof of greed and worldly things, being a model for the society, and deserving to be treated with filial respect. Thus far, Korean elders seemed to have a positive and negative meaning of aging due to the current changes in the society, value system, and family structures. The above five subjective meanings of aging confirm that we need to approach and nurse the elderly differently. Years of aging are a part of and a natural process of life with various physical, psychological, and sociological changes. Nurses need to assist elderly to find the positive meaning of their life by providing appropriate physical, psychological, and social support at an earlier stage in nursing. Based on this study, we could derive the following two implication from the perspectives of science of nursing to care for elders. 1) Based on the studies investigating the type of meaning of aging, we could develop tools to assist in nursing intervention programs for elderly. 2) Based on research on the meaning of aging for different developmental stages of life, we could develop a model for roles for different family members in nursing and caring for the elders.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.07c
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• pp.1649-1651
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• 2004

The piezoelectric ceramic is attached between 'L' type guide and 'L' type stator. This motor has rotary motion which is operated by the travelling wave. The basic structure of the two kinds of type motor that called one stator motor, two stator motor is same but we suggested a few parameters for considering their stator design and characteristics. As a result, the two stator type motor is much more useful than one stator type motor for bi-direction rotation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.85-88
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• 2004

The piezoelectric ceramic is attached between 'L' type guide and 'L' type stator, This motor has rotary motion which is operated by longitudinal and bending mode. The basic structure of the two kinds of type motor that called one stator motor, two stator motor is same but we suggested a few parameters for considering their stator design and characteristics. As a result, the two stator type motor is much more useful than one stator type motor for hi-direction rotation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.5-12
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to understand and analyze characteristics of using pattern on the physical facilities and fundamental demands about improving factors associated with management of variation type. The teachers of four middle schools are participated through questionnaires with this survey. According to the results, supplemental factors of learning activities, convenient facilities for students, factors with space utilization, moving class and arrangement of similar subject blocks are influential in order on the awareness of teachers for correspondence of variation type. In the analysis of variance based on the sampling factors, significant differences were shown in the factors of attached group, gender, age and managemental experience of variation type. Especially, the factors with moving class and convenient facilities for students are analytically more differential than the other factors, therefore, these factors must be considered in detail.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.375-378
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• 2002

In this paper, the frequency response separation scheme is proposed for high scanning speed and simple structure of non-contact type of AFM. A self-sensing cantilever is attached on the actuator for detect the atomic force between tip and the media surface. VCM or PZT are used for actuator. This paper presents the method to simplify the actuator structure and the performance of each actuator for non-contact type AFM. Based on the frequency response separation scheme, the only one actuator plays roles 1311owing low frequency surface and modulating self-sensing cantilever tip in contrast with convention non-contact type AFM. 10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ standard grid sample imaged to verify proposed scheme. This result shows the possibility simplifying the actuator structure and reducing cost of non-contact type AFM.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.37-44
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• 2006

By 2019, Korea is expected to be an aged society, age group of 65 and older being over 14% of the total population, considering their rapid increase today. The number of the elderly living alone or with his or her spouse will grow more and more. So this study was intended to find out the characters of elderly gathering houses in Japan through case study. The survey was taken by literatures and interview taken from the managers of the houses. It was selected the company which had branched 17 buildings all over the nation. There are three types in units in the building. One is self-supporting life house type. The other is personal care senior house type. Another is complex community house type. And the house have pointed on the participation in community. The company has attached great importance to form the co-operation network with the residents being shared same building. And it has aimed that the residents would feel being alive in their home.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.327-329
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• 2000

This paper present the characteristic improvements of one-coil coin type vibration Motor. Rotor is consist of coreless coil and 4 segment commutator. Magnet is 4 pole, z direction magnetized. This one-coil coin type vibration motor has simple mechanical structure and good efficiency. So production cost is lower than other having 2 or more coils coin type motor but it has the weak points. That is small vibration magnitude and dead zone. Modifying the shape of rotor, vibration magnitude is increased. To avoid the dead zone we attached more magnetic body on rotor. As result we show the optimal position of magnetic body.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2018

In this study, a cyclic loading test was carried out for a reinforced concrete frame installed a TS(tension-spring) damper for the purpose of verifying the seismic strengthening effect of the TS seismic reinforcing method. The test specimens are four specimens of non - reinforced frame and three reinforced frame specimens. Experimental parameters are Shape of damper and construction method of damper. As a result, the construction method of inserting type inside window was twice as much in terms of strength and stiffness, and the method of externally attached type showed a performance improvement of about 2 times in terms of energy dissipation. From these results, it can be confirmed that the TS seismic reinforcing method is a superior method for field application and seismic strengthening.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.337-344
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• 1990

Slime sampless from 10 ratating biological contactor (RBC) plants in New Jersey were microscopically examined. Filamentous bacteria such as Type 1701, Type 0041, Type 021N, Nocardia, Beggiatoa, and Sphaerotilus, which are commonly present as suspended forms also were found in RBC slimes growing as attached forms. However, the abundance wwas much different from that of activated sludge. In RBC slimes, Beggiatoa was most frequently observed filamentous bacteria and Sphaerotilus, Type 0041, Type 1701, Type 021N and Nocardia were present in decreasing order of abundance. There were morphologically two different types of Behhiatia in RBC slimes. The statistical anaysis shows that filamentous bacterial poulations between the 100 cm inside and the outside the RBC were different in most cases with significant interactions between the location and stage.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.243-246
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• 1999

A type of symbiosis was previously described from nature in which the gametophytes of Laminariales were endophytic in filamentous red algae. Here we reconstruct this symbiosis for the first time in laboratory culture using zoospores of the kelp, Undaria pinnatifida, and the red alga, Aglaothamnion oosumiense. Zoospores of U. pinnatifida readily attached to A. oosumiense. In 48 h these spores germinated and the initial germ tube penetrated into the host cell wall leaving only an empty zoospore wall outside the host. Within ten days, four to five-celled endophytic gametophytes were present. Zoospores of Laminaria religiosa which were also inoculated into cultures of A. oosumiense rarely attached to the red alga and never became endophytic. Within ten days the free-living gametophytes of L. religiosa on cover slips became fertile and produced young sporophytes. These observations demonstrate the ability of U. pinnatifida to become endophytic, and show differences in host specificity among kelp species.