• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.202-213
• /
• 2017

Objectives: HRA (Health Risk Assessment) is an important tool for measuring the health impacts of air pollution. HRA is already being used widely as an important reference for crafting air pollution policies. However, the absence of a domestic CRF (Concentration Response Function) standard, which is a main component for HRA, could cause confusion amongst policy-makers. The purpose of this study is to tabulate a domestic CRF standard for a PM (Particulate Matter)-related HRA. Methods: This study suggested a domestic CRF standard for HRA thorough a literature review. The literature review for meta-analysis was limited to the English language for epidemiological studies published from January 1980 to March 2016. This meta-analysis was conducted by assuming both fixed- and random-effects of CRF. In addition, studies that reported HRA of air pollution for WHO (World Health Organization), the EC (European Commission), and the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) were reviewed to compare the CRFs of South Korea to the recommended CRFs of WHO, the EC, or the EPA. Additionally, a domestic CRF standard was supplemented by these. Results: Nineteen studies were selected for the CRF for South Korea. Fifty-three CRFs were derived for meta-analysis. CRFs with a standard for PM-related HRA were divided according to the following four criteria: air pollution, exposure characteristics, type of health impact, and age group. Finally, a domestic CRF standard was created comprised of 21 CRFs. Among these, six CRFs were derived from the results of foreign HRA studies. Conclusions: This study is important in that a domestic CRF standard is first suggested. In addition, this study suggests a further area of study for using HRA as a policy tool and a direction of epidemiological study.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.12 no.3 s.30
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2004

Land Suitability Assessment System(LSAS) that was introduced to prevent unplanned development of the nation is divided by Assessment System I and II. Assessment System II can regulate the land use on the development that was defined in the 'National Land Planning and Use Act'. With it, Property right can be limited in the development of private sector and this lure the investor to fabricate the result of land suitability assessment. Because of it, if we can't prepare the overview standard, we couldn't accomplish our purpose that unplanned development prevention and efficient land use. With the suggestion of overview standard for the each factor used in LSAS and the analysis result of it, we presented ways to efficient support and the fixations of LSAS.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.10 no.1 s.33
• /
• pp.209-216
• /
• 2005

Performance assessment has Problems about possibilities of assessment fault by appraisal, fairness, reliability, and validity of grading, ambiguity of grading standard, difficulty about objectivity security etc. This study proposes fuzzy Performance assessment system to solve problem of the conventional performance assessment. This Paper presented an objective and reliable performance assessment method through fuzzy reasoning, design fuzzy membership function and define fuzzy rule analyzing factor that influence in each sacred ground of performance assessment to account principle subject. Also, performance assessment item divides by formation estimation and subject estimation and designed membership function in proposed performance assessment method. Performance assessment result that is worked through fuzzy Performance assessment system can pare down burden about appraisal's fault and provide fair and reliable assessment result through grading that have correct standard and consistency to students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.315-324
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this is to evaluate Hakui Stream Naturalness Index(S.N.I). and to find out stats, problems and opportunities of the Hakui stream by assessment standard. Assessment standard is mainly based on physical structure of stream environment. The purpose evaluating sectors and elements are physical form and structure restoration of stream. To find out assessment standard of stream naturalness index, conceptual frame of assessment standard has been established, for which four sections, for example, longitudinal section, lateral section, stream bottom structure and water environment, have been selected. Overall stream naturalness index of the Hakui stream has been distributed at 3rd to 4th grade, and its assessment index accounted for 3.2 to be 3rd grade, and its mode also did 3rd grade. Stream naturalness index of each section was as follows: Longitudinal section index accounted for 3.6 in average to be 4th grade, and later section index did 3.0 to be 3rd grade, and stream bottom structure index did 3.0 to be 3rd grade, and water environment index did 2.7 to be 3rd grade. Analysis of assessment outcome of stream naturalness index has checked status, Problems and opportunities of corresponding stream. Assessment of stream naturalness index of the study provides useful information for restoration of close-to-nature stream, and furthermore has its meaning in checking problems and opportunities of Hakui stream.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.371-385
• /
• 2011

Because consumer mostly utilizes company test standard, supplier spends burden of expenses on building test equipments and managing expert manpower to fulfill consumer's various tests. Therefore, it is urgent to standardize test assessment which has a bond of sympathy between consumer and supplier and evaluates reliability of their products. This study develops reliability assessment standard which is composed of 12 test items considering international and domestic test standards, company internal test standards of consumer companies and field conditions. Also this study introduces overall technical procedure on accelerated test with no failure which is used for the main technology of reliability assessment. To verify effectiveness of reliability assessment, the test results are herein analyzed through building the test equipments and performing the test items.

• The Journal of Information Systems
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2011

In this study, we verify the relationship, which is presented by ISO/IEC 15504, between the assessor's competence and the efficiency of assessment. The ISO standard has been developed by many formal trial experiences for the software process assessment. The software process assessment determines the process capability, and makes the software process improvement possible in the development cycle. In the field assessment, third-party and team-based assessments are generally recommended. Therefore assessors' competences are essential to achieve the effectiveness and the efficiency of assessment. Survey data are collected from the third-party process assessment of a real IT industry, and the analysis is done by a causal modelling technique - PLS. Some findings are as follows. Depending on assessors' SE experiences, effects of the assessor's competence are existed, and their standard knowledge and assessment skill are effected each other. And the efficiency of assessment depends on the assessor's competence. In addition, the power analysis is presented and future research is suggested, because of many limitations of this study.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.146-155
• /
• 2011

As the seriousness of environmental pollution being on a rise, a low carbon and environment-friendly design for energy efficiency has been issued. With respect to energy in the construction industry, an adoption of BIM which is possible for the various energy performance assessments in the early design phase has been actively working on. In the most cases of energy performance assessment, the data compatibility from the lack of standard software and format became a problem and the improvement for data compatibility system has been needed. This study is to develop the IFC based IDF converter as a middleware which connects between BIM software and energy analysis software. For the building energy performance assessment, Energy Plus and IFC are selected for the standard energy analysis software and its file format. Parameters are organized by steps and the integrated material library is built so it is trying to reduce the existing problem of energy software interface as much as possible. The development of IDF Converter will promote the spread of related fields with increasing the BIM standard and the utilization of energy performance assessment.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1997.06a
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 1997

The present standard of drinking water quality is not reached to the guidelines of WHO and US EPA recommended. The appraisal of safety is not appropriate by the results of intermittent and limitted analysis. 45 items of drinking water quality are regulated in the Korean standard and 9 items for inspection designated by Seoul City. This report is the results of analysis of the water quality in the water stations of Seoul which are concerned with the items of Korean water quality standard and the priolity pollutnats recommended by WHO. In the results, 45 items of water quality, and the priolity pollutants were not exceeded to the standard and criteria, while DDT, heptachlor-epoxide, THMs, benzo(a)pyrene, Ba, Al, Gross beta, $^{226}$Ra, $^{90}$Sr were detected, the levels were not exceeded to the WHO guidelines. In ordes to evalute the safety of drinking water quality, besides of the existed items of standard, new hazardouse pollutants should be considered monitored continenously. For the regulation of hazardous pollutants, it may be introduced from the risk assessment. According to the relevant assessment, the acceptable risk of pollutants estimated could be applied to set the water quality standard or recommendations or quidelines as well as the number of monitoring.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 2005.04a
• /
• pp.37-40
• /
• 2005

Recently due to the rapid development of speech synthesis based on the corpora, the performance of TTS systems, which convert text into speech through synthesis, has enhanced, and they are applied in various fields. However, the procedure for objective assessment of the performance of systems is not well established in Korea. The establishment of the procedure for objective assessment of the performance of systems is essential for the assessment of development systems for the developers and as the standard for choosing the suitable systems for the users. In this paper we will report on the results of the basic research for the establishment of the systematic standard for the procedure of objective assessment of the performance of Korean TTS systems with reference to the various attempts for this project in Korea and other countries.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.1225-1233
• /
• 2024

Level 3 probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) is performed to calculate radionuclide concentrations and exposure dose resulting from nuclear power plant accidents. To calculate the external exposure dose from the released radioactive materials, the radionuclide concentrations are multiplied by two factors of dose coefficient and a finite cloud dose correction factor (FCDCF), and the obtained values are summed. This indicates that a standard set of FCDCFs is required for external exposure dose calculations. To calculate a standard set of FCDCFs, the effective distance from the release point to the receptor along the wind direction should be predetermined. The TID-24190 document published in 1968 provides equations to calculate FCDCFs and the resultant standard set of FCDCFs. However, it does not provide any explanation on the effective distance required to calculate the standard set of FCDCFs. In 2021, Sandia National Laboratories (SNLs) proposed a method to predetermine finite effective distances depending on the atmospheric stability classes A to F, which results in six standard sets of FCDCFs. Meanwhile, independently of the SNLs, the authors of this paper discovered that an infinite effective distance assumption is a very reasonable approach to calculate one standard set of FCDCFs, and they implemented it into the multi-unit radiological consequence calculator (MURCC) code, which is a post-processor of the level 3 PSA codes. This paper calculates and compares short- and long-range FCDCFs calculated using the TID-24190, SNLs method, and MURCC method, and explains the strength of the MURCC method over the SNLs method. Although six standard sets of FCDCFs are required by the SNLs method, one standard sets of FCDCFs are sufficient by the MURCC method. Additionally, the use of the MURCC method and its resultant FCDCFs for level 3 PSA was strongly recommended.