• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.39-54
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 L2KSC(외국어로서의 한국어 음성 말뭉치)의 한국어 부분에서 한국어 낭독과 자유 발화를 분석하여 음성 유형의 운율 차이를 명확히 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 문장의 조음 길이, 조음 속도, 한 문장 내 휴지 길이 및 휴지 빈도, 문장 F0값을 변수로 설정하고 통계적 방법론(t-검정, 상관 분석, 회귀 분석)을 통해 분석하였다. 실험결과, 낭독과 자유 발화는 각 문장을 구성하는 운율구 형태가 구조적으로 달랐는데 각 발화 유형을 구별하는 운율적 요소로는 조음 길이, 휴지 길이, 휴지 빈도로 나타났다. 통계적 결과에서는 낭독 발화는 조음 속도와 조음 길이의 상관관계가 가장 높았는데, 이는 주어진 문장이 길수록 화자가 더 빨리 말하는 것을 설명하였다. 그러나 자유 발화에서는 문장의 조음 길이와 휴지 빈도 사이의 관계가 높았다. 전반적으로 자유 발화에서는 문장을 만들기 위해 짧은 억양구가 지속적으로 만들어지는데, 그런 이유로 더 많은 휴지가 발생하여 문장이 더 길어지는 것으로 나타났다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare the acoustic properties of fricatives, /ㅅ, ㅆ/ produced by children with functional articulation disorder and normal children (N=20, aged 6-7). All subjects showed significant differences in both the length of friction intervals and breathing intervals of fricatives according to the changes in the environment presented within each group. However, there is a difference in the extent of variation in length between the two groups. This means that children with functional articulation disorder have greater difficulty in adjusting fricative noises according to changes in the CV VCV environment than normal children.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제45호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2003

This is a study on perception errors of Korean stops in word initial position. This study will show how listeners perceive manipulated Korean stops through two experiments and I will analyze why they are confused. In addition, 1 will show those perception errors not only reflect the relationship between the place and manner of articulation but also ate deeply related to the length of aspiration.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.173-184
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate the speech rate characteristics (whole speech rate, articulation speech rate, and articulation percentage) and the pause characteristics (pause duration, pause frequency, and pause percentage) of Korean-speaking patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (referred to as IPD hereafter). The study aims first to examine the differences between the patient group with IPD and the other group without IPD concerning those measurements, and secondly to investigate the relevant measurements of the two groups following the sentence length changes. There were two groups of subjects in this study. The first group consisted of 7 subjects between the ages of 50 and 60 who were diagnosed as IPD with mild severity, and the second group consisted of 13 subjects without IPD who matched the age and gender of those in the first group. Those two groups were asked to read 8 different sentences in length at habitual speed. Speech rate and pause characteristics of the two groups were measured and compared each other. The followings results were observed. First, in a study of speech rate characteristics, the whole speech rate and the articulation speech rate of the patient group scored within the normal range, which is same as the group without IPD. On the other hand, with regard to the pause characteristics, differences between two groups were shown; the patient group had shorter pause duration, lower pause frequency, lower pause percentage, and higher articulation percentage. Secondly, in a study of relevant measurements following the sentence length, both groups showed a tendency for whole speech rate and articulation rate to increase as the length of the sentence increased, but the result of pause characteristics showed a difference between two groups. While the group without IPD showed a longer pause duration, higher pause frequency, and higher pause percentage as the length of sentences increases, no differences were shown among the patient group concerning the length of sentences. This study suggests a result that the patients with IPD of mild severity retained a normal speech rate and examined pause characteristics of the patient group which showed a different result from the group without IPD in terms of quality. Future studies on the speech rate and pause characteristics of Korean-speaking patients with IPD in various severities.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2007

Vehicular safety and occupant injury have been of considerable interest to the public. The dynamic response of an articulated vehicle is different from that of single body vehicle due to its geometric and inertia properties. Articulated vehicles have the tendency to jackknife if they lose driving safety. Influence of factors for driving safety of an articulated vehicle(Tractor-Semitrailers) has been analysed by the EDVTS, a kinetic analysis program for an articulated vehicle. EDVTS permits an analyst to investigate the effect of many variables in a short period of time, and enables to obtain an accurate explanation of driving safety. The factors used in the analysis include the load, friction coefficient, tire flat, increase of braking force, and trailer geometry. Based on the results, the articulation angle and driving safety were influenced remarkably by the load, coefficient of friction, increase of braking force. However, trailer geometry, such as length and width, did not affect articulation angle and driving safety

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2002

Background and Objectives : The operation Double Opposing Z-Plasty, has been used for improving VPI function in the submucous cleft palate. However, few reports on the effects of the speech change were presented. The purpose of this study is to compare the difference of nasality and nasalance, parents satisfaction between before and after this operation and to consider how much improvement in speech. Materials and Methods : Ten submucous cleft palate children who underwent double opposing Z-plasty were analyzed. We retrospectively studied nasalance, auditory perception (nasality) with hypernasality, patients satisfaction, speech evaluation by using charts review, video tape, telephone interview. Results : In 8 patients of 10 submucous cleft palate, hypernasality reduced and speech intelligibility was higher and mean 0.35 point was increased in the velum length after operation. After operation, nasality was improved (2.0 point) and level of nasal emission decreased. Regarding satisfaction of this operation, scale was mean 2.8 (5 point-scale) : 8 parents were satisfied in the resonance, 3 parents were satisfied articulation. The reason of dissatisfaction was mostly compensatory articulation. Conclusion : To improve of speech in the submucous cleft palate, speech therapy afterthis operation as well as successful surgery should be considered.

• 음성과학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2002

This study was designed to determine (1) the effects of the following stop consonant on the vowel length in isolated bi-syllabic words, (2) the mechanism which renders vowels longer in duration before lax stops than tense stops, (3) where the aspiratory interval is included, in the vowel portion or the preceding consonantal portion and (4) the influence of the preceding consonants upon the duration of the following vowel. Measurements were made of five timing variables on acoustic signals as three native Korean speakers uttered isolated bi-syllabic /VCV/ words in which the vowel was identical, /$\alpha$/, and the C slot was filled with bilabial stops. Findings: (1) the vowel length before the lax stops was significantly longer than before the tense stops, while the difference in the vowel duration between the tense stops was insignificant or negligible, (2) the vowel length varied as a function of the articulatory force of the following consonants, regardless of the phonological unit of syllable, (3) The aspiratory interval is interpreted as a portion of the preceding consonant and (4) The effects of the preceding consonants on the final vowel length were not rule-governed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.579-584
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• 2010

목 적: 해외귀국학생들의 수가 매년 증가하고 있다. 이들은 우리말의 체계가 완전히 확립되기 전 다른 언어의 영향을 받고 성장하여 우리말의 이해가 어렵고, 발음이 어눌하여 학업이나 교우관계에 문제가 발생하게 된다. 본 연구는 해외귀국학생의 한국어발음 특징을 음향, 음성학적 방법으로 분석하였다. 방 법: 우리말의 파열음(ㅂ, ㅃ, ㅍ, ㄷ, ㄸ, ㅌ, ㄱ, ㄲ, ㅋ) 9개를 VCV 형식으로 녹음하여 폐쇄구간과 기식구간 길이와 비율을 측정하였다. 해외귀국학생 군과 국내거주학생 간 파열음의 조음오류의 비율과 유형을 비교하고 조음위치와 발성유형에 따른 음향음성학적 특성을 분석, 비교하였다. 결 과: 해외귀국학생 군과 국내거주학생 군 간 조음오류 비율은 해외귀국학생 군 19.4%, 국내거주학생 군 2%로 나타났다. 해외귀국학생군의 발음 오류 중 가장 많이 나타난 유형으로 발성 유형의 오류는 경음화, 조음 위치의 오류는 비음화 이었다. 해외귀국초등학생 군이 국내거주 초등학생군 보다 모든 조음위치와 발성유형에서 파열음의 폐쇄구간, 기식구간 길이가 유의하게 길게 나타났다. 그러나 대상군간 폐쇄구간 대 기식구간의 길이의 비율을 비교한 결과 유의하지 않았다. 결 론: 해외귀국학생은 국내거주학생보다 파열음 산출에 조음 오류가 더 자주 일어나며 국내거주학생보다 각 조음위치에 따른 발성유형을 분류하여 정확한 발음을 찾아 산출하는 우리말 발화속도가 느리다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 해외귀국초등학생 발음의 음향음성학적 문제점을 이해하고 추후 해외귀국초등학생의 조음을 평가하는 객관적인 자료에 도움이 될 것이다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.33-48
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• 2005

Differential diagnosis of articulation and resonance problems in the cleft lip and palate speech is required for evaluating various factors contribute to speech problems such as VPI, dental occlusion, palatal fistulae, learning. However, validity of speech stimuli is current issue to evaluate accurately each problem in cleft speech. This study was conducted to investigate speech stimuli using in the clinical setting and review the literatures and articles published 1990 to 2005 for helping develop standardized speech samples. The results were recommendation to evaluate properly velopharyngeal function when conducting a diagnostic evaluation as follows : 1) In identification hypernasality, the speech stimuli should be included low pressure consonants to eliminate effects of nasal emission, compensatory articulation. 2) Speech stimuli should be consist of visual, front sounds to eliminate compensatory articulation and to stimulate easily. 3) Regarding early diagnosis and treatment, speech stimuli need to develop for infants and preschooler. 4) Stimulus length on nasalance scores should be at least 6 syllables. 5) In phonetic context on nasalance scores, /i/ vowel should be take into consideration excluding paragraph. 6) Connected speech stimuli should be developed for evaluating intelligibility and VP function.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2015

본 연구는 능성어 자치어의 골격발달을 관찰하여 분류학적 연구의 기초자료로 이용하고자 실시하였다. 자치어는 전남 여수시 거문도에 위치한 해상가두리에서 사육하던 어미로부터 채란하여 사육한 것을 대상으로 관찰하였다. 자치어의 사육 수온범위는 $21.5{\sim}24.5^{\circ}C$ (평균 $23.0{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$)였다. 부화 직후의 난황을 가진 자어는 골화가 전혀 이루어지지 않았고, 평균 전장 2.66 mm에 달하면 윗턱을 구성하는 전상악골과 주상악골이 골화되었고, 아래턱을 구성하는 치골이 골화하였으며, 두개골의 기저를 형성하는 부설골이 골화하였다. 새개부를 형성하는 전새개골과 주새개골의 골화가 시작되었다. 꼬리지느러미를 지지하는 미골은 추골과 골편으로 이루어진 미골복합체로 구성된다. 평균 전장 2.59 mm까지는 전혀 골화가 일어나지 않았고, 미부봉상골이 $45^{\circ}$로 휘어져 있다. 담기골의 골화는 평균 전장 6.12 mm에 첫 번째 혈관간극이 뒷지느러미 2개의 가시와 관절되어 가장 먼저 골화가 시작되고, 신경간극 또한 등 지느러미 2개의 가시와 관절되어 골화하기 시작하였으며, 혈관간극과 신경간극은 평균 전장 21.9 mm에 골화가 완료되는 개체가 출현하였다.