• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.686-695
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• 2022

The grain yield and flour quality of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Jokyung') were investigated in the paddy fields in which the double-cropping of wheat linked to rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its alternative crops [black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), and perilla (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton)] was applied. In the soils in which black soybean, sesame, and perilla as pre-crops were cultivated, the soil pH was higher and the electrical conductivity was lower than in the rice pre-cropped soil. In addition, the available phosphate (Av. P₂O₅), and contents of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ were higher than in the rice pre-cropped soil. Winter wheat growth characteristics such as culm length, spike length, number of spikes and grains were generally favorable in the black soybean pre-cropped soil. However, the grain yield of winter wheat increased in the black soybean, sesame, and perilla pre-cropped soils by 100 kg/10a or more than in the rice pre-cropped soil. Furthermore, protein content and SDS-sedimentation value of the flour were higher, while amylose content was slightly lower, in the black soybean, sesame, and perilla pre-cropped soils than in rice pre-cropped soil. These results suggest that cultivation of rice alternative crops such as sesame, black soybean, and perilla as pre-crops in paddy soil could improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and contribute to producing high-quality wheat flour more advantageous for the baking process.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.172-181
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• 2023

In order to raise the self-sufficiency rate of domestic forage and obtain informations necessary for production of high-quality winter forage, forage yield and feeding value were analyzed in the above-ground parts of a winter wheat 'Cheongwoo' harvested at five different growth stages, and the appropriate harvest time was determined. The yield increased until 30 days after heading, and then decreased afterwards. The proportion of spike in the above-ground part was less than 40% until 30 days after heading, but increased to more than 60% afterward. At 30 days after heading, the protein content and relative feed value (RFV) also reached peaks, while acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were low. The mineral nutrient contents are within the standard range required for feeding ruminant livestock or do not exceed the maximum allowable level. Therefore, the best time to harvest above-ground parts of a winter wheat 'Cheongwoo' for use as a forage for feeding ruminant livestock is around 30 days after heading, when considering forage yield and feed values. As a result it would match well in time with the transplantation of rice seedlings or the sowing of rice-alternative field crops in the double cropping system.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1995.11a
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• pp.3-3
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• 1995

Plastic IC encapsulation utilizing lead on chip(LOC) die attach technique allows higher device density per unit package area, and faster current speed and easter leadframe design. Nevertheless, since the top surface of the chip is directly attached to the area of the leadframe with a double-sided adhesive tape in the LOC package, it tends to be easily damaged by the leadframe, leading to limitation in its utilization. In this work, it is detailed how the damage of the chip surface occurs, and it is influenced and improved by the LOC construct.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.430-446
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• 2018

To improve understanding of the sources and chemical properties of particulate pollutants on the Korean Peninsula, An Aerodyne High Resolution Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) measured non-refractory fine particle ($NR-PM_1$) from 2013 to 2015 at Baengnyeong Island and Seoul metropolitan area (SMA), Korea. The chemical composition of $NR-PM_1$ in Baengnyeong island was dominated by organics and sulfate in the range of 36~38% for 3 years, and the organics were the dominant species in the range of 44~55% of $NR-PM_1$ in Seoul metropolitan area. The sulfate was found to be more than 85% of the anthropogenic origin in the both areas of Baengnyeong and SMA. Ratio of gas to particle partition of sulfate and nitrate were observed in both areas as more than 0.6 and 0.8, respectively, representing potential for formation of additional particulate sulfate and nitrate. The high-resolution spectra of organic aerosol (OA) were separated by three factors which were Primary OA(POA), Semi-Volatility Oxygenated Organic Aerosol (SV-OOA), and Low-Volatility OOA(LV-OOA) using positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis. The fraction of oxygenated OA (SOA, ${\fallingdotseq}OOA$=SV-OOA+LV-OOA) was bigger than the fraction of POA in $NR-PM_1$. The POA fraction of OA in Seoul is higher than it of Baengnyeong Island, because Seoul has a relatively large number of primary pollutants, such as gasoline or diesel vehicle, factories, energy facilities. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis revealed that transport from eastern China, an industrial area with high emissions, was associated with high particulate sulfate and organic concentrations at the Baengnyeong and SMA sites. PSCF also presents that the ship emissions on the Yellow Sea was associated with high particulate sulfate concentrations at the measurement sites.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2015

"Seedgreen" (Secale cereal L.), a new rye cultivar was developed by National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2013. It was developed from an open pollination from within 10 rye varieties or lines including "Chochun" in 1995. The line "SR95POP-S1-140-9-1-3-7-5-3" was selected for its excellent agronomic appearance, and was placed in yield trials for three years from 2008 to 2010. The new cultivar was designated "Homil50" and was placed in regional yield trials at the five locations around Korea from 2011 to 2013, during which time the name "Seedgreen" was given. This cultivar is an erect plant type and of a long size, with a dark-green leaf color, a yellowish-white colored, medium-diameter culm, and a brown-colored, medium-size grain. The heading and maturation dates of Seedgreen were April 22 and June 16, which were 3 days and 2 days earlier than that of "Gogu", respectively. Seedgreen also showed better winter hardiness and a greater resistance to lodging and wet injury compared to those of the check cultivar. Over three years, the average dry matter yield of Seedgreen was 8.3 ton $ha^{-1}$ (fresh yield = 39.8 ton $ha^{-1}$), which was harvested in late April and was lower than that of the check cultivar Gogu. The seed productivity of Seedgreen was approximately 4 ton $ha^{-1}$, which was 16 % more than that of the check. Seedgreen was higher to than Gogu in term of protein content (10.5% and 9.7%, respectively), total digestible nutrients (TDN) (58.3% and 57%, respectively), and TDN yield $ha^{-1}$ (4.81 ton and 4.77 ton, respectively). This cultivar is recommended as a fall sowing crop in areas where the average daily minimum-mean temperatures are higher than $-12^{\circ}C$ in January, and as a winter crop for whole-crop forage before the planting of rice or green manure around Korea.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.49-69
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• 2004

One of the important roles of geophysical exploration in archeological survey may be to provide the subsurface information for effective and systematic excavations of historical remains. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPA) can give us images of shallow subsurface structure with high resolution and is regarded as a useful and important technology in archeological exploration. Since the buried cultural relics are the three-dimensional (3-D) objects in nature, the 3-D or areal survey is more desirable in archeological exploration. 3-D GPR survey based on the very dense data in principle, however, might need much higher cost and longer time of exploration than the other geophysical methods, thus it could have not been applied to the wide area exploration as one of routine procedures. Therefore, it is important to develop an effective way of 3-D GPR survey. In this study, we applied 3-D GPR method to investigate the possible historical remains of Baekje Kingdom at Gatap-Ri, Buyeo city, prior to the excavation. The principal purpose of the investigation was to provide the subsurface images of high resolution for the excavation of the surveyed area. Besides this, another purpose was to investigate the applicability and effectiveness of the continuous data acquisition system which was newly devised for the archeological investigation. The system consists of two sets of GPR antennas and the precise measurement device tracking the path of GPR antenna movement automatically and continuously Besides this hardware system, we adopted a concept of data acquisition that the data were acquired arbitrary not along the pre-established profile lines, because establishing the many profile lines itself would make the field work much longer, which results in the higher cost of field work. Owing to the newly devised system, we could acquire 3-D GPR data of an wide area over about $17,000 m^2$ as a result of the just two-days field work. Although the 3-D GPR data were gathered randomly not along the pre-established profile lines, we could have the 3-D images with high resolution showing many distinctive anomalies which could be interpreted as old agricultural lands, waterways, and artificial structures or remains. This case history led us to the conclusion that 3-D GPR method can be used easily not only to examine a small anomalous area but also to investigate the wider region of archeological interests. We expect that the 3-D GPR method will be applied as a one of standard exploration procedures to the exploration of historical remains in Korea in the near future.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.125-134
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• 2008

This study aims at determining attitudes of elementary and middle school students getting inclusive education and their parents toward students with disabilities to provide basic data for desirable inclusive education. Questionnaires were given to 3 elementary schools and 2 middle schools and the participants were 117 elementary students, 288 middle students, 98 parents of elementary school students and 156 parents of middle school students. Three areas of attitude were observed the cognitive area, the affective-behavioral area, and the area of perceived effect on learning area. The data were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. The results indicated as follows; First, there was no significant difference in attitude by gender. Second, middle school students had a more negative attitude toward the students with disabilities than elementary school students. Third, students had more positive attitudes than their parents toward students with disabilities when the affective-behavioral area was analyzed, whereas the opposite was true when the area of perceived effect on learning area was analyzed.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.6 s.112
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• pp.541-549
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• 2006

This study is to propose guidelines on waterfront landscape planning for Busan North Port redevelopment area. In Korea, Busan North Port redevelopment project is the first one which aims to make old port area into citizen-friendly waterfront. It is expected that many ports will be redeveloped soon after this urban waterfront remaking project. This is the basic research to lay groundwork for waterfront landscape planning at port redevelopment area. We analyze good examples of genera/landscape plans for port redevelopment area through case studies and suggest the problems and important elements for making landscape plan of Busan North Port area. Also we propose guidelines for making waterfront landscape plan of the redevelopment area at Busan North Port.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.249-252
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• 2018

Climate is one of most important environmental factors on the forest ecosystem. This study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of meteorological factors in the forest area and weather stations from July 2015 to June 2016 in Cheuncheon and Hongcheon of Kangwon Province in Korea. The HOBO data logger was installed for meteorological analysis in forests area (site 1 and site 2). The meteorological data from the HOBO data logger compared with meteorological data of the weather station. The meteorological data used for the analysis was monthly mean temperature ($^{\circ}C$), monthly mean minimum temperature ($^{\circ}C$), monthly mean maximum average temperature ($^{\circ}C$), and monthly mean relative humidity (%). As a result of this study, the mean temperature ($^{\circ}C$) of forest area was relatively lower than weather station which is the outside the forest area, and the mean maximum temperature ($^{\circ}C$) of weather station was relatively higher than that of forest area. The mean relative humidity (%) was higher in forest area than weather station.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.23-35
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• 2009

This study deals with the location management in WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) networks. The new location management method is the one of the many techniques used to provide the packet switched (PS) services effectively in WCDMA networks. WCDMA introduces RA (routing area) for the PS services in addition to LA (location area) for the circuit switched (CS) services. WCDMA system also adopts the cooperative paging and the combined area update which are to decrease signaling traffic using the PS network resources for the CS services. Considering the characteristics of the WCDMA networks, this study formulate into the mathematical programming problem for the location management. Rather than the existing researches which consider the single MSC/SGSN networks, we deal with the multi MSC/SGSN networks, where both MSC area and SGSN area should be determined as well. Fairness between traffic loads of MSC/SGSN and the system cost incurred to MSC/SGSN are also incorporated into our model, which make the model more realistic. We propose greedy algorithms for the problems, which consists of the merger of two neighboring areas and the movement of an area. Extensive experiment has been done based on the realistic problem examples. Followed by the analysis of parameter effect on the final solutions and the quality of final solutions obtained by our greedy algorithms. Our proposed model and analysis result can be used to determine WCDMA system areas and to predict the system performance measures by the determination.