• Journal of architectural history
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.7-19
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• 2023

This article focuses on the Namdaemum repair and the Seokguram restoration, which had begun in 1961, as an important repair conducted during the time of seeking the conservation principle of architectural heritage after liberation in Korea. Through the analysis of the principles described in the repair report issued after the two repairs, meeting records, and related expert announcements, it is shown that the principle of 'preservation of the historic state' had been established at Namdaemun repair and later have changed to the principle of 'restoration of the historic form' which means reconstruction in Seokguram restoration. By analyzing the minutes of the Cultural Heritage Committee's meeting on the repair of other cultural properties during this period, it is revealed that the key terms related to the preservation principle, 'historic form' and 'restoration', were given meaning as 'object' and 'method' of preservation, and then 'restoration of the historic form' has been gradually used as a conservation principle.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.82-89
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• 2016

This study investigated the preservation status of wooden architectural heritages, designated as Chungcheongbuk-do designated heritage in Jecheon. The purpose of this paper is to find the damage cause and the preservation method of wooden architectural heritages. It was conducted using the research methods of the existing literature and field survey to compare a current status of wooden architectural heritages. The result are as followings. Firstly, it was found the problems of a break, a damage, etc. in the platform and the problems of a cracking, an exfoliation, a corrosion, a warp, etc. in the wall. And, it was found a cracking of the beam(梁) and a roof tile(瓦), a falling of Angto(仰土), a sagging roof, etc. in the roof. Secondly, the damage causes of wooden architectural heritages were mostly caused by the physical limitations of the materials. And, it was caused by a rainwater, a subsidence of ground settlement, a destruction of waterproof membrane, etc. Lastly, the repair methods are making a quicklime layer in the soil mound on a cracking and an exfoliation part, a resin treatment or strut operation on a corrosion part of column, etc.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.21-34
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• 2014

The international community has been collaborated for the preservation of Angkor site in the last twenty years. This case which is the heritage conservation through cooperation is an exemplary instance for developing countries and warring nations. For this study, we analyze each of declarations that is adopted through three intergovernmental conferences for the preservation of Angkor and study how the policies of the conservation work. Tokyo Declaration at 1993 is included a pledge of the cooperation from all the countries of the world and an emergency measure and an advice of the policy for conservation on Angkor. Paris Declaration at 2003 is mentioned that the emergency measure for last ten years is effective for conservation of Angkor and emphasized the necessity of practical use of heritage like sustainable development and ethical sightseeing. Angkor Declaration at 2013 assures exertions of last 20 years and convinces that all of activities about Angkor is a commendable precedent to another World Heritages in danger. And it is mentioned a practical use of heritage which is more crucial and new conservation of Angkor.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2019

Handmade hydrated lime has been used for preservation and repair of architectural heritage in Korea. However, the effect of the amount of water used for slaking quicklime on the physical and chemical properties of the hydrated lime, which is the result of the slaking process, has not been clearly understood. In this study, particle size distribution, chemical composition and crystalline phases of the hydrated lime are investigated by varying the amount of water used for the slaking. In addition, temperature history during the slaking process is examined. For this, various experiments, such as laser diffraction analysis, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and temperature recording using a thermocouple, were performed. When the quicklime came into contact with water, its temperature reached $100^{\circ}C$ within 10 min due to sudden exothermic reaction of calcium oxide, and this temperature was maintained for about 30 min. The water to lime ratio influenced the cooling rate during the slaking process; that is, the more water was used, the longer it took to reach an ambient temperature. The amount of water for the slaking did not have a noticeable effect on the contents of major components of the hydrated lime such as calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, but when slaked with more amount of water, average particle size of the lime tended to decrease. The experimental results in this study can be used as references for developing guidelines on the safety or appropriate amount of water in the lime slaking process.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.192-214
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• 2023

Wooden architectural cultural heritages are one of the visible legacies that show the national's identity. Even when the concept of 'the original' of cultural heritages was not accurately understood, the emphasis of preservation and management of cultural heritages was placed on 'preservation of the original form' or 'maintenance of the original form'. Moreover, these days, following the trend of international preservation principles, cultural heritages are considered important as "values as historical objects." This paper is the result of an attempt to determine the scope and content of what parts should be monitored to maintain the original form of wooden architectural cultural heritage. The first thing to be done in monitoring wooden architectural cultural heritage is to check the condition of the ground and foundation. The second is the column. This is because the instability of the column causes damage to the joint with each member and the fitting part, resulting in physical changes leading to damage to the wall. The third is monitor the roof tiles. If the leak continues into the building due to the separation or damage of the roof, the defect should be partially dismantled and repaired, so it should be monitored to maintain its original shape as much as possible. The monitoring range of the base, column, and roof serves as a reference point for identifying what damage is being done to the relevant cultural heritages. In other words, the data at the time when monitoring began becomes the 'original' for the year. Alternatives based on the analysis of monitoring for the preservation of original cultural heritages should be actively introduced. In addition, by sharing the current state and situation of cultural heritages as a result of monitoring with various related organizations, preventive preservation should be established rather than preservation of cultural heritages by "intervention."

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.53-62
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the way historical heritage was dealt with during the massive urban development period of the 1960s through the case of Deoksugung Palace. The wall of Deoksugung Palace was rebuilt and relocated in 1961. Later, it was rebuilt and relocated again in 1968, and Daehanmun Gate was soon moved back too. I analyzed the opinions of the Seoul Metropolitan Government, the Cultural Heritage Committee, experts and citizens that occurred during this process and reached the following conclusion. First, in 1961, the existing stone walls of Deoksugung Palace were rebuilt rather than restored and conserved for the urbanscape at the time. Second, in the 1960s, the Cultural Heritage Committee focused on the conservation of the origin of Daehanmun Gate, while citizens valued the overall harmony and function of Deoksugung Palace. Third, unlike the 1970s project led by the president to renovate national security and national defense sites, there was a call from citizens to realize the preservation of Deoksugung Palace.

• Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.109-116
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• 2019

The Seoul city recommended that old apartments be preserved, and as part of that, it decided to preserve some of the buildings for Jamsil Jugong, which was built in 1977, and Gaepo Jugong, which was constructed in 1981. The purpose of this study was to compare and review newspaper articles with two perspectives positive and negative about how the social perception of 'apartment trace remaining' was being constructed. By looking at the meaning of keywords delivered by newspaper articles and the interaction structure between keywords through the analysis of semantic networks, we analyzed how the media is pursuing an issue on the topic of preservation of architectural cultural heritage. The analysis results confirmed that there was a clear difference between positive and negative newspaper. Positive articles dealt with utilization from the point of view of keywords linked to preservation, and negative articles showed that keywords related to the property and backlash of residents linked to the policy of the Seoul Metropolitan Government were linked, leading to high negative public opinion.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.88-109
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• 2020

This study aimed to distinguish categories of archival information and identify properties by their detail types, so that the various forms of architectural heritage information generated can be managed based on their attributes and characteristics. First, the specific uses of terms in the legal system were reviewed and their associated concepts specifically defined. "Architectural heritage" was defined as architecture belonging to the category of tangible cultural heritage as designated by law, and "architectural heritage archival information" was defined as all kinds of material expressed by electronic processing of the actual status for preservation and management. Next, the production status of architectural heritage archival information was reviewed in relation to the legal system. This confirmed that relevant legal systems were organized hierarchically and that various types of archival information were generated in a single project. Furthermore, it was confirmed that even archival information produced in the same form contained differing contents depending on the specific purpose and method, and that there was no classification by which to cover all archival information. Finally, it was also confirmed that detailed drawing types could be categorized according to the purpose of production and the target of the records. Based on the findings of this review, the type and properties of archival information were presented as the primary classification criteria, and the architectural heritage archival information was divided into 6 general types and 27 detailed types. Specifically, the linguistic form, dimension, temporal property, and graphic form of archival information were applied as criteria for the classification of general types, and the target, production purpose, production method of archival information, and content characteristics of archival information properties of archival information by type were comprehensively reviewed.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.27-38
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the legal definition and usage of cultural property term related to the architecture within the cultural property-related legal system and general legal system, and to present proper terminology and specific concepts that can be used for the architecture as cultural properties. In the current cultural property legislative system, terms about the architecture are diverse and obscure, and the definition of each term is different from the concept in the general legal system. In this context, this study presented the terminology of 'the architectural heritage' as 'a cultural property by construction act' to cover whole cultural properties related to Korean architecture. And the conceptual scope of the architectural heritage is divided into the technology and the performer related to the act, the record and the building related to the product. and Each concept needs to be specifically tailored to its object and scope. Systematic definition of terms for cultural properties related the architecture can positively influence systematization of cultural property preservation and management as well as empirical research and education on Korean architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.21-34
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• 2020

This study explores the education of historic preservation in the United States. The research examined its history and philosophical and practical approaches within the American urban context, from its historical backgrounds to evolving social perspectives. This case study is to help collegiate educators in understanding the principles of American architectural heritage conservation and why it has been developed in specific directions and, ultimately, to assist in designing preservation education programs for different local contexts. Historic preservation in the United States has been integrated into the architecture and urban planning field as a sustainable development approach incorporating physical, social, and economic matters. First, this study explored the development of the preservation profession, policies, and education since the 1930s. Second, the researchers investigated the three fundamentals of historic preservation, such as authenticity, documentation, and community engagement. Lastly, this research discussed that American preservation deals with living communities and seeks interdisciplinary approaches. The understanding of historic preservation pedagogy from these multiple perspectives would hopefully provide a guide to developing cultural heritage education programs.