• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.95-99
• /
• 2005

Quaternary Ti-Cr-Si-N coatings were synthesized onto steel substrates (SKD 11) using a hybrid method of arc ion plating (AIP) and sputtering techniques. For the Syntheses of Ti-Cr-Si-N coatings, the Ti-Cr-N coating process was performed substantially by a multi-cathodic AIP technique rising Cr and Ti targets, and Si was added by sputtering Si target during Ti-Cr-N deposition. In this work, comparative studies on microstructure and evaluation of mechanical properties between Ti-Cr-N and Ti-Cr-Si-N coatings were conducted. As the Si was incorporated into Ti-Cr-N coatings, the Ti-Cr-Si-N coatings showed largely increased hardness value of approximately 42 GPa than one of 28 GPa for Ti-Cr-N coatings. The average friction coefficient of Ti-Cr-N coatings largely decreased from 0.7 to 0.35 with increasing Si content up to 20 at. $\%$. In addition, wear behavior of Ti-Cr-N coatings against steel ball was much improved with Si addition due to the surface smoothening effect and tribe-chemical reaction.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.356-360
• /
• 2016

Recently, the lifetime extension of nuclear power plants has been considered. Thus, it is necessary to consider facility safety management and economic management. However, when the bolts in nuclear power plants are replaced and the turbines of nuclear power plant are disassembled, numerous problems are found in relation to stuck bolts in clamping parts. In order to solve these problems, a hybrid vacuum chamber was first designed and manufactured. It can perform arc ion plating and sputtering, which were used to deposit Ti/TiN on an A913 B7 bolt. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were conducted to determine the composition and characteristics of the bolt, and tests were conducted to determine how long the bolt could endure under various conditions in a nuclear power plant. The SEM and XRD results clearly showed a continual and even coating layer. When this TiN-coated bolt is used in a nuclear power plant, the lifetime can be extended compared to a conventional bolt, but it is necessary to determine what additional properties are required.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.54 no.5
• /
• pp.230-237
• /
• 2021

In this study, the influence of silicon contents on the microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of Ti-Al-Si-N coatings were systematically investigated for application of cutting tools. The composition of the Ti-Al-Si-N coatings were controlled by different combinations of TiAl₂ and Ti₄Si composite target powers using an arc ion plating technique in a reactive gas mixture of high purity Ar and N₂ during depositions. Ti-Al-Si-N films were nanocomposite consisting of nanosized (Ti,Al,Si)N crystallites embedded in an amorphous Si₃N₄/SiO₂ matrix. The instrumental analyses revealed that the synthesized Ti-Al-Si-N film with Si content of 5.63 at.% was a nanocomposites consisting of nano-sized crystallites (5-7 nm in dia.) and a three dimensional thin layer of amorphous Si₃N₄ phase. The hardness of the Ti-Al-Si-N coatings also exhibited the maximum hardness value of about 47 GPa at a silicon content of ~5.63 at.% due to the microstructural change to a nanocomposite as well as the solid-solution hardening. The coating has a low friction coefficient of 0.55 at room temperature against an Inconel alloy ball. These excellent mechanical and tribological properties of the Ti-Al-Si-N coatings could help to improve the performance of machining and cutting tool applications.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.106-115
• /
• 2012

In the present study, TiN and CrN films were coated by arc ion plating equipment onto aluminum alloy substrate, A2024. The film thickness was about 4.65 ${\mu}m$. TiN and CrN films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray equipments. The Young's modulus and the micro-Vickers hardness of aluminum substrate were modified by the ceramic film coatings. The difference in Young's modulus between substrate and coating film would affect on the wear resistance. The critical load, Lc, was 75.8 N for TiN and 85.5 N for CrN. It indicated from the observation of optical micrographs for TiN and CrN films that lots of cracks widely propagated toward the both sides of scratch track in the early stage of MODE I. TiN film began to delaminate completely at MODE II stage. The substrate was finally glittered at MODE III stage. For CrN film, a few crack can be observed at MODE I stage. The delamination of film was not still occurred at MODE II and then was happened at MODE III. This agrees with critical load measurement which the adhesive strength was greater for CrN film than for TiN film. Consequently, it was difficult for CrN to delaminate because the adhesive strength was excellent against Al substrate. The wear process, which the film adheres and the ball transfers, could be enhanced because of the increase in loading. The wear weight of ball was less for CrN than for TiN. This means that the wear damage of ball was greater for TiN than for CrN film. It is also obvious that it was difficult to delaminate because the CrN coating film has high toughness. The coefficient of friction was less for CrN coating film than for TiN film.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.24 no.4 s.175
• /
• pp.900-906
• /
• 2000

Ceramic, PCD and CBN tools are available for the difficult-to-cut-materials such as hardened carbon tool steel, stainless steel, Inconel 718 and etc. Ceramic tools are likely to be chipped and abruptly broken before the appearance of normal wear in turning. Ceramic tools are suitable for continuous in turning, not for intermittent in milling. In this study, TiN/TiCN multi-layer coated ceramic tools were found to restrain the chipping, breaking and early fracture and to increase the critical cutting speed owing to TiN/TiCN multi-layer coating in Arc Ion Plating of PVD method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.87-95
• /
• 2000

By using AIP(Arc Ion Plating) of a physical vapor deposition for the first time in Korea a ceramic tool whose surface is coated single layeredly with TiN is developed. In addition cutting resistance appearing in the process of finishing cut of hardened carbon tool steel STC3 is studied. The principal and radial components of cutting resistance in those cutting conditions appear to be the same or similar and the feed component is relatively small. The feed component is found to be in proportion to cutting width and the radial component in proportion to cutting thickness. Owing to coating the cutting resistance of a TiN coated ceramic tool increas-es compared with that of a general ceramic tool.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.96-101
• /
• 2000

Ceramic, PCD and CBN tools are available for the difficult-to-cut-materials such as hardened carbon tool steel, stainless steel, Inconel 718 and etc.. Ceramic toolsare likely to be chipped and abruptly broken before the appearance of normal wear in turning. Ther2efore ceramic tools are suitable for continuous cut in turning not for intermittent in milling. In this study, TiN/TiCN multi-layer coated ceramic tools were found to restrain the chipping, breaking and early fracture and to increase the critical cutting speed owing to TiN/TiCN multi-layer coating in Arc Ion Plating of PVD method.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.12 no.8
• /
• pp.676-681
• /
• 2002

Microstructure, mechanical properties, and oxidation resistance of TiAIN thin films deposited on quenched and tempered STD61 tool steel by arc ion plating were studied using XRD, XPS and micro-balance. The TiAIN film was grown with the (200) orientation. The grain size of TiAIN thin film decreased with increasing Al contents, while chemical binding energy increased with Al contents. When hard coating films were oxidized at $850^{\circ}C$ in air, oxidation resistance of both TiN and TiCN films became relatively lower since the surface of films formed non-protective film such as $TiO_2$. However, oxidation resistance of TiAIN film was excellent because its surface formed protective layer such as $_A12$$O_3$ and $_Al2$$Ti_{7}$$O_{15}$, which suppressed oxygen intrusion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
• /
• 1999.10a
• /
• pp.307-314
• /
• 1999

By using AIP(Arc Ion Plating) of a physical vapor deposition for the first time in Korea a ceramic tool whose surface is coated single layeredly with TiN is developed. In addition, cutting resistance appearing in the process of finishing cut of hardened carbon tool steel, STC3 is studied. The principal and radial components of cutting resistance in those cutting conditions appear to be the same or similar, and the feed component is relatively small. The feed component is found to be in proportion to cutting width, and the radial component in proportion to cutting thickness. Owing to coating the cutting resistance of a TiN coated ceramic tool increases compared with that of a general ceramic tool.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 2012.11a
• /
• pp.196-198
• /
• 2012

TiN 박막을 자전거용 서스펜션 프레임의 재질로 사용되는 고비강도 경량 합금에 적용하기 위해 Arc ion plating 방식으로 코팅하고 기계적 특성을 분석하였다. TiN 박막의 코팅 특성 평가는 XRD, 박막 경도, 마찰 계수, 밀착력을 측정하였고 피로시험을 실시하였다. 박막의 경도는 약 19 GPa로 측정되었고, 마찰 계수는 약 0.4로써 박막의 코팅 전(마찰계수 0.8)보다 낮아졌다. 밀착력은 약 13.9 N로 나타났으며, 피로 시험은 약 30,000회의 수직 하중 실험에도 박막의 가시적 크랙과 파손이 관찰되지 않았다.