• Title/Summary/Keyword: antioxidation enzyme

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Bioactivities of the Herb Extracts Used for Gamhongroju, a Korean Liqueur

  • Lee, Sae-Rom;Jung, Ha-Na;Cho, Hyunn-Ho;Jhin, Chang-Ho;Hwang, Keum-Taek;Jeong, Seok-Tae;Kim, Tae-Young
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.333-338
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    • 2011
  • In this study, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of the herb (cinnamon, clove, glehnia root, ginger, violet-root cromwell, licorice, citrus peel and longan) extracts used for gamhongroju, one of the popular liqueurs in Korea, were investigated. Twenty grams of individual herbs were extracted in 60% purified ethanol and freeze-dried. A mixture of the individual herb extracts (HEM) was separately prepared. Cytotoxicity of the individual extracts and HEM on murine RAW264.7 macrophage cells were examined along with their recovering activity on $H_2O_2$-treated RAW264.7 cells. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the extract-treated cells were determined by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. Violet-root cromwell extract showed the least cytotoxicity in terms of treated concentration. Most of the extracts, below levels of cytotoxicity, recovered the $H_2O_2$-treated cells. Treatment with some of the extracts increased SOD and GPx activities and TEAC levels while a majority inhibited the production of NO and PGE2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated cells.

Effect of Gamisogunjung-tang on Antioxidation Activity in Rats Induced Aging by D-Galactose (가미소건중탕(加味小建中湯)이 D-galactose로 노화(老化)를 유발(誘發)시킨 백서(白鼠)의 항산화능(抗酸化能)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Park, Sun-Young;Back, Jung-Han;Seo, Jung-Min
    • The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.153-171
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    • 2005
  • Objective : This experiment has been done to evaluate the effects of Gamisogunjung-tang(GST) on antioxidant capability and lipidic concentration in blood which are presumed to be related to aging. Method : In this study, we divided 14 weeks old SD rats into normal group, control group and GST group. Control and GST group were induced aging by D-galactose. At the same time GST group were administered extract of Gamisogunjung-tang for 6 weeks. After then we took blood, and measured the activities of SOD, GSH-px, catalase in erythrocytes and measured TBARS values, concentrations of total lipid, tryglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol in plasma. Results : The activities of SOD, GSH-px, catalase in erythrocytes increased significantly in GST group compared with control group. The value of TBARS and the concentration of total lipid, total cholesterol in plasma decreased significantly in GST group compared with control group. The concentration of HDL-cholesterol increased significantly in GST group compared with control group. The concentration of triglyceride were not noticeable. Conclusion : it is considered that Gamisogunjung-tang has an influence on control aging by activation the antioxidative enzyme systems in erythrocytes and decreasing the concentration of lipid in blood plasma.

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Study on the Protective Effects of 6R-Tetrahydrobiopterin on the Oxidative Neuronal Injury in Mouse Cortical Cultures (배양된 대뇌피질세포에서 산화성 손상에 대한 6R-Tetrahydrobiopterin의 억제작용)

  • Moon, Kyung Sub;Lee, Je Hyuk;Kang, Sam Suk;Kim, Soo Han;Kim, Jae Hyoo;Jung, Shin;Kim, Tae Sun;Lee, Jung Kil
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.30 no.9
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    • pp.1059-1064
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    • 2001
  • Objective : 6R-Tetrahydrobiopterin(BH4) is a cofactor for the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases which is essential for the biosynthesis of catecholamines and serotonin. It also acts as a cofactor for nitric oxide synthase, and stimulates the release of some neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine and glutamate. Recently, it has been reported that BH4 could induce cellular proliferation and enhance neuronal survival. This study was performed to investigate the antioxidative effect of BH4 on the various oxidative insults in mouse cerebral cortical cell cultures. Methods : Iron ion(FeCl2), zinc ion(ZnCl2), sodium nitroprusside(SNP) and buthionine sulfoximine(BSO, a glutathione depletor) were used as oxidants. Cell death was assessed by measurement of lactate dehydrogenase efflux to bathing media at the end of exposure. Result : All 4 oxidants induced neuronal cell death associated with cell body swelling, which was markedly inhibited by trolox($100{\mu}M$), a vitamin E analog. BH4($10-100{\mu}M$) markedly inhibited the neuronal cell death induced by all 4 oxidants($20{\mu}M\;Cu^{2+}$, $20{\mu}M\;Zn^{2+}$, $1{\mu}M$ SNP or 1mM BSO). However, BH4 failed to inhibit the neuronal cell death induced by 24hr exposure to $20{\mu}M$ NMDA. Conculsion : These results suggest that BH4 has antioxidative action independently of any actions of enzyme cofactor.

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Effect of Holotrichia in Brain of Lead Acetate-treated Rats (제조가 초산납으로 유발한 흰쥐의 뇌독성에 미치는 영향)

  • Yoon, Jong-Young;Min, Gun-Woo;Shin, Jeong-In;Yoon, Cheol-Ho;Seo, Un-Kyo;Jeong, Ji-Cheon;Shin, Uk-Seob;Park, Jong-Hyuck
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.321-330
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    • 2001
  • Objectives: This study was undertaken to investigate the action mechanism of Holotrichia (HT) at parameter related to dementia. Methods: HT was tested for the effects on acetylchonine esterase and monoamine oxidase activities, lipid peroxidation, antioxidation in brain of lead acetate-treated rats. Lead acetate were treated firstly into samples for 10 days, and then lead acetate and HT were set with them for 20 days. Results: The level of lipid peroxide, acetylcholine esterase and monoamine oxidase activities, enzyme activities and ratio of type conversion of xanthine oxidase increased in lead acetate-treated rats were decreased as highly as normal group by HT. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, the level of acetylcholine decreased in lead acetate-treated rats were increased as lowly as normal group by HT. Conclusions : These results suggest that HT might have an effect on treatment of dementia according to decreasing the activities of acetylcholine esterase, monoamine oxidase and level of lipid peroxide in brain.

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Ginsenoside Change and Antioxidation Activity of Fermented Ginseng (발효인삼의 Ginsenoside 변화와 항산화 활성)

  • Doh, Eun-Soo;Chang, Jun-Pok;Lee, Kun-Hee;Seong, Nak-Sul
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.255-265
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    • 2010
  • The extent of growth L. plantarum (LP), L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (LD), L. fermentum (LF), S. thermophilus (ST), B. longum (BI) and S. cerevisiae (SA) was generally good with the lower concentration of the ginseng extract. Total sapogenin content was slightly different with kinds of a fermentation microorganism and the time of fermentation process, and generally reduced compare to before fermentation. The content of ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Re and Rf were decreased with the fermentation but ginsenoside Rd was increased by the E, LF and SA fermented extract. The content of compound K increased in the order of not-fermented extrac < enzyme fermented extract < enzyme and microorganism fermented extract, and as the fermented time get longer, the content of compound K was sightly increased. Especially, the content of compound K of the SA fermented extract was the most increased, also it of the BI, LD and LF fermented extract was increased, so these extract were considered a high valuable. Polyphenol content of the BI, LD, LP and ST fermented extract indicated $9.18{\pm}0.39{\sim}15.68{\pm}0.54$ mg/10 g which was lower than it of a not-fermented extract ($11.92{\pm}0.26{\sim}28.41{\pm}0.39$ mg/10 g). Flavonoid content of a ginseng fermented extract indicated $26.93{\pm}0.17{\sim}156.45{\pm}1.29$ mg/10 g, it was higher than a not-fermented extract ($18.06{\pm}0.90$ mg/10 g). As the fermented time get longer, the flavonoid content tendency to increase. DPPH radical scavenging activity of a fermented ginseng extract was $24.11{\pm}1.41{\sim}55.62{\pm}0.33%$, it was slightly lower compared to a natural antioxidant, vitamin C. But it of the LF and ST fermented extract was similar to a natural antioxidant, vitamin C. It has not a concerned in a fermentation. Nitrite scavenging ability of a 24 hr fermented extract was above 80% at pH 2.5 and 4.2, it was similar to an artificial antioxidant, BHT ($84.76{\pm}0.13%$; pH2.5, $84.98{\pm}0.11%$; pH 4.2). It has not a concerned in a fermentation. SOD-like activity of a fermented extract was lower than that of a not-fermented extract ($19.22{\pm}0.51%$), but it of the E and LP-fermented extract was a very highly notable value. As the fermented time get longer, the SOD-like activity tendency to increase.

Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Tissues of Carassius auratus (카드뮴 노출이 붕어(Carassius auratus) 조직에 미치는 영향)

  • Shin, Myung-Ja;Kwon, O-Chang;Lee, Jong-Eun;Seo, Eul-Won
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.20 no.10
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    • pp.1490-1497
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    • 2010
  • The present study aimed to investigate the level of accumulated heavy metal in various tissues of Carassius auratus after exposure to Cadmium (Cd), histologically and physiologically. After treating C. auratus with Cd, the accumulated Cd in gill tissues was detected to be of the highest content, and showed the lowest content in integument tissues. Also, Cd content increased in a time dependent manner and showed the highest accumulation in the tissues exposed for 20 days. Antioxidant enzyme activities showedhigher activity in the gill and integument than in the kidney and liver tissues. In the case of SOD, antioxidation activity of SOD in all Cd exposed tissues was higher than in unexposed tissues. The activities of SOD and CAT also became higher after Cd exposure. Gill tissues exposed to Cd showed an increased number of mucous cells between lamella in a time dependent manner. In addition, the gills showed morphological changes such as edema, exfoliation of epithelial cells, and fusion of the secondary lamellae. Also, exposure to Cd for 20 days had an effect on gill tissues, causing membrane damage in the mitochondria and nucleus. In kidney tissues, atrophied glomerulus was observed, and the empty space in Bowman's capsule was wider.

Effect of Corni Fructus on Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome in In vitro and In vivo (In-vitro와 In-vivo에서 산수유의 남성갱년기 개선효과)

  • Kim, Tae Muk;Jung, Ho Kyung;Jang, Ji Hun;Sim, Mi Ok;Lee, Mu Jin;Cho, Jung Hee;Cho, Hyun Woo
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.264-272
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    • 2016
  • This study was carried out to evaluate the preventive effect of the Corni Fructus (SSU) 50 % EtOH extract (SSU-E50) against bisphenol A (BPA) toxicity in Leydig cells and improving testosterone deficiency syndrome in orchidectomized Sprague-Dawly (SD) rats. Antioxidant properties were measured by radical scavenging activity of SSU-E50 in ABTS assay and DPPH assay. Also, real-time polymerase chain reaction(real-time PCR) was performed to quantify the mRNA expression levels of antioxidant enzyme. SD rats were divided into eight group: normal, sham operation (Sham), orchidectomized (ORX), ORX treated with testosterone 1 mg/kg (Tes. 1), ORX treated with SSU water extract 100 mg/kg (SSU-A 100) and 300 mg/kg (SSU-A 300), ORX treated with SSU 50 % EtOH extract 100 mg/kg (SSU-E 100) and 300 mg/kg (SSU-E 300). On a comparative basis, the SSU showed better activity quenching ABTS with an IC50 value of 0.29 mg/ml and DPPH with an IC50 value of 0.33 mg/ml. Cell viability was evaluated by MTS assay as described not cytotoxic at the highest concentration of $500{\mu}g/ml$. Cytotoxicity of BPA showed in $200{\mu}M$, but definitely survived by treatment with SSU in Leydig cells. In addition, SSU increased the mRNA expression levels of antioxidant enzyme in BPA induced Leydig cells. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) level was slightly increased and malondialdehyde (MDA) level was decreased with SSU-A 100 in in-vivo. These results suggest that Corni Fructus extracts have the greatest property as a natural anti-oxidative and improves testosterone deficiency syndrome source.

Effect of Porphyran isolated from Laver, Porphyra yezoensis, on Liver Lipid Peroxidation in Hyperlipidemic Rats and on Immunological Functions in Mice (김 다당류 porphyran의 급이가 흰쥐의 혈청과 간의 효소활성 및 마우스의 면역에 미치는 영향)

  • Jung, Kyoo-Jin;Jung, Bok-Mi;Kim, Seon-Bong
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.325-329
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    • 2002
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effect of porphyran on enzyme activity in rats and immunity in mice. Animals were divided into 5 groups, and were given porphyran diet for 4 weeks. Porphyran was extracted from Porphyra yezoensis: Diet groups were normal diet, control diet fed high fat, cholesterol and sodium cholate, control and 1% porphyran diet (1% PD), control and 5% porphyran diet (5% PD), control and 10% of porphyran diet (10% PD). Also Balb/c female mouse were injected i.p. with porphyran extract every other day for 20 days at levels of 1%, 2% and 5%. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were lower in the porphyran diet group than those in control group. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in liver homogenates were reduced in porphyran diet group compared to those of control group. Also, the level of liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) was lower in porphyran group than that of control group. Porphyran increased IL-1 production in a dose-dependent manner, however, interleukine-2 production was reduced as the amount of porphyran increases. These results showed that supplementation of porphyran lowered antioxidant enzyme activities and has possibility of modulating immunological function.

Antioxidative Activity of Cornus officianalis Extracts Obtained by Four Different Extraction Techniques (산수유 추출방법에 따른 항산화 기능 분석)

  • Park, Eun-Bi;Kim, Hye-Sun;Shin, So-Yun;Ji, In-Ae;Kim, Ji-Hyun;Kim, Sung-Goo;Yoo, Byung Hong;Kim, Byung-Woo;Kwak, Inseok;Kim, Moon-Moo;Chung, Kyung Tae
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.22 no.11
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    • pp.1507-1514
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    • 2012
  • Oxidative stress leads to damage in all components of the cell, including proteins, lipids, and DNA due to imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and cellular detoxification. Phytochemicals are well-known to contain antioxidants, and their physiological role has been intensively studied. The fruit of Cornus officianalis has been used in oriental medicine and has been reported to have many functions. In this study, four different extraction techniques were applied to extract functional components from the fruit of Cornus officianalis, and the content of loganin, which is an antioxidant having DPPH radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and reducing power, was analyzed in each extract. Extraction techniques employed in this study were heat extraction by water, 70% ethanol extraction, enzyme treatment, and combination of enzyme treatment and heat extraction by water. All extracts contained 11.8-18.0 mg/g loganin and showed antioxidation function assayed by measuring DPPH radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and reducing power. Among them, heat extraction was the most effective technique, showing a maximum amount of loganin (18.0 mg/g) and antioxidative activity at 100 mg/ml concentration. Each extract showed very low cytotoxicity up to at 500 mg/ml but 10-20% cytotoxicity at 1,000 mg/ml by in vitro MTT assay.

Effect of Taeeumjoweetang on the Body Composition, Serum Lipid Level and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Obese Female College Students (태음조위탕의 적용이 태음인 비만여대생의 신체조성, 혈청지질농도 및 혈중 항산화 효소에 미치는 효과)

  • Kim, Hye-Ju;Ahn, Hong-Seok;Oh, Eun-Ha;Kim, Young-Locke
    • Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.391-401
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    • 2011
  • 1. Objectives: Though the eating habits have improved and the living method has become convenient according to the economic growth thanks to the modern industrialization, because of the lack of exercise, obesity, wrong eating habits and stress etc, various symptoms of disease of adults are on the rise. This is the phenomenon that happens as the eating life has become life in the West along with the inundation of the western culture in our society. In this perspective, there has been many various clinical research that's been proceeded so far about the physical constitution and obesity, but there has been little research on the objective analysis of the clinical research about the alimentotherapy using taeeumjoweetang. 2. Methods: In this research we have checked the weights, fat rates, fat weight, abdominal fat rate, blood pressure, and BMI over the objects of the women that were diagnosed as lunisolar system as their physical constitution, and assessed the paramecium lipid, in-blood antioxidation enzyme and the damage of oxidization in the urine by physical constitution-specific of the body shapes that were determined by BMI. The statistical analysis of the current research was processed by using of SPSS 17.0 program. We have figure out statistical amounts such as the arithmetic average, average deviation rate and percentage number. Fro the verification of he significancy of each elements, we have used the paired t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square test at the level of p<0.05. 3. Results and Conclusions: Their characteristics are age $21.20{\pm}1.35$, height $160.30{\pm}6.11cm$, weight $64.66{\pm}8.72kg$, fat rates are $35.97{\pm}4.87%$, fat amount $23.40{\pm}5.48$, abdominal fat rate $0.823{\pm}0.03$, BMI $25.12{\pm}2.79kg/m^2$, and systolic blood pressure $111.60{\pm}10.28mmHg$ and diastolic blood pressure $68.60{\pm}7.43mmHg$ and we have let them take the medicine twice a day for 8 weeks. The clinical result for the Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, SGOT, SGPT, of the object people was that for the function of the liver, the result of the SGOT and SGPT test was $17.16{\pm}3.05$, $15.00{\pm}2.99IU/L$, which was a decrease, and had statistical meaning, but for the SGOT, though the figure reduced to $11.92{\pm}4.61$, $10.80{\pm}3.07$, it had no statistical meaning. For the whole cholesterol level, the figure reduced to $169.00{\pm}19.95$, $160.08{\pm}22.52$ mg/dL and had statistical significance(p<0.05). Neuter fat number, Triglyceride has slightly increased to $67.52{\pm}36.32$, $68.08{\pm}47.33$ mg/dL but did not have any statistical meaning. The antioxdant enzyme marker standard marker, SOD has increased to $2.52{\pm}0.73$, $2.86{\pm}0.60U/ml$, and had statistical significance(p<0.01). Catalase also increased by $0.63{\pm}0.18$, $1.07{\pm}0.25mmol/ml$ and had statistical meaning(p<0.01). GPx also increased to $204.76{\pm}32.64$ nmol/ml and had statistical meaning(p<0.01). But, for the Total antioxidant, though it has raised to $1.51{\pm}0.26$, $1.57{\pm}0.17nmol/{\mu}l$, it did not have any statistical meaning. MDA of oxidative stress marker has decreased to $1.70{\pm}0.68{\mu}g/ml$, $1.21{\pm}0.50{\mu}g/m$ and had statistical significance(p<0.01). 8-OHdG also decreased $3.35{\pm}0.95ng/ml$, $2.21{\pm}0.50ng/ml$ and had statistical meaning(p<0.01). In this research, we have analyzed the various markers relating to BFM and changes in oxidative enzyme in blood by takingtaeeumjoweetang. Taeeumjoweetang has the positive effect on inbody antioxidant system and reducing the content of cholesterol, which is proven to help losing weight and improving hyperlipidemia statistically. With this research, we hope to improve the lifestyle of those who are either obese or need to manage their dietary habits, and also to become the touchstone of integrating Oriental Medicine with the science of food & nutrition.