• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1827-1836
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• 2017

The world dairy industry has long been challenged by bovine mastitis, an inflammatory disease, which causes economic loss due to decreased milk production and quality. Attempts have been made to prevent or treat this disease with multiple approaches, primarily through increased abuse of antibiotics, but effective natural solutions remain elusive. Bee venom (BV) contains a variety of peptides (e.g., melittin) and shows multiple bioactivities, including prevention of inflammation. Thus, in the current study, it was hypothesized that BV can reduce inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T). To examine the hypothesis, cells were treated with LPS ($1{\mu}g/ml$) to induce an inflammatory response and the anti-inflammatory effects of BV (2.5 and $5{\mu}g/ml$) were investigated. The cellular mechanisms of BV against LPS-induced inflammation were also investigated. Results showed that BV can attenuate expression of an inflammatory protein, COX2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$. Activation of NF-${\kappa}B$, an inflammatory transcription factor, was significantly downregulated by BV in cells treated with LPS, through dephosphorylation of ERK1/2. Moreover, pretreatment of cells with BV attenuated LPS-induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (e.g., superoxide anion). These results support our hypothesis that BV can decrease LPS-induced inflammatory responses in bovine mammary epithelial cells through inhibition of oxidative stress, NF-${\kappa}B$, ERK1/2, and COX-2 signaling.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2017

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases that take significant roles in extracellular matrix degradation and therefore linked to several complications such as metastasis of cancer progression, oxidative stress, and hepatic fibrosis. Hizikia fusiformis, a brown algae, was reported to possess bioactivities, including but not limited to, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory partly due to bioactive polysaccharide contents. In this study, the potential of H. fusiformis against cancer cell invasion was evaluated through the MMP inhibitory effect in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells in vitro. H. fusiformis crude extract was fractionated with organic solvents, $H_2O$, n-BuOH, 85% aqueous MeOH, and n-hexane (n-Hex). The non-toxicity of the fractions was confirmed by MTT assay. All fractions inhibited the enzymatic activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 according to the gelatin zymography assay. Cell migration was also significantly inhibited by the n-Hex fraction. In addition, both gene and protein expressions of MMP-2 and -9, and tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMPs) were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. The fractions suppressed the mRNA and protein levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 while elevating the TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, with the $H_2O$ fraction being the least effective while n-Hex fraction the most. Collectively, the n-Hex fraction from brown algae H. fusiformis could be a potential inhibitor of MMPs, suggesting the presence of various derivatives of polysaccharides in high amounts.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권9호
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• pp.1243-1248
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• 2010

본 연구는 마전자(Strychnos nux-vomica) 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 $\alpha$-glucosidase 저해활성을 측정하였다. 먼저, 마전자를 각각의 용매로 추출하여 페놀 함량을 알아본 결과 100 g당 SNM에서 71.43 mg을 함유하고 있으며, SNE에서는 24.51 mg, SNA에서는 11.17 mg을 함유하고 있었다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 SNM, SNE가 1 mg/mL의 농도에서 50% 정도의 활성을 나타내 항산화 효과가 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 $200\;{\mu}M$ $H_2O_2$에 의한 DNA 손상에 대해 마전자 추출물의 보호 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. SNM의 $\alpha$-glucosidase 저해활성 측정 시 SNM 1 mg/mL의 농도에서 12.8%의 억제 활성을 나타내었고, SNM 처리시간을 증가시킬 경우 그 활성도가 유의적으로 증가하는 것을 보였다. 이상의 결과로 마전자 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 SNM의 $\alpha$-glucosidase 억제 활성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2008

This study was conducted to determine the potent physiological activity of traditional wild tea ("Don tea"; coin-shaped tea) as affected by different harvesting times, aging periods and extracting temperatures, No difference in anti-oxidative activities in the harvesting time and extracting temperature of tea leaves was observed. However, short aging periods of Don tea showed high ABTS {2-2-azonobis (3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulphonic acid)} activity, ranging from 71.52 to 79.96%. DPPH (${\alpha},\;{\alpha}-diphenyl-{\beta}-picryl-hydrazyl$) radical scavenging activity of Don tea was 71.10 to 91.40%. Especially, longer aging period and an extracting temperature of $100^{\circ}C$ showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity. With longer aging periods and an extraction at $90^{\circ}C$, nitrite radical scavenging activity of Don tea ranged from 74.04 to 94.92%. On the other hand, angiotensin 1-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity of Don tea was 59.77-81.97%. It showed higher activity when harvested in June and August, aged for longer periods, and extracted at $100^{\circ}C$. These results suggested Korean traditional Don tea exhibited the highest physiological activity when aged over 8 months.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.181-200
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• 2007

Objevtives & Methods : Effects of cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture at BL18 and LI11 on lipid composition, cytokine level, liver function, anti-oxidative capacity and histological characters were investigated in diet-induced obese rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 400g were divided into 4 groups of control, BL18, LI11 and BL18 plus LI11 pharmacopuncture groups and raised for 4 weeks. Results : 1. Plasma ${\beta}$-lipoprotein, free fatty acids level and TNF-${\alpha}$ levels significantly decreased in the pharmacopuncture groups compared to those of no treatment group. Plasma and liver total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels were also significantly lower than those of no treatment group. There was, however, no difference in TBARS level among pharmacopuncture groups. Liver total cholesterol level of BL18 pharmacopuncture group was lower than those of the other two pharmacopuncture groups. In LDL-cholesterol level, BL18 pharmacopuncture and BL18 plus LI11 pharmacopuncture groups only had significantly lower levels than that of no treatment group. 2. There was no significant difference between cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture groups and no treatment group in IL-6, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartic acid transaminase (AST) levels. 3. Compared with \ those of no treatment group, pharmacopuncture groups had significantly higher levels of HDL-cholesterol, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase activities. There was, however, no significant difference among pharmacopuncture groups. 4. Histological characters of heart, kidney and liver of BL18 pharmacopuncture group were similar to those of normal rats. Conclusions : These results indicate that cultivated wild ginseng pharmacopuncture at BL18 and LI11 may suppress adipose tissue mass and lipid peroxidation and activate antioxidant system.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.212-221
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• 2019

Sestrin-2 (SESN2) as a stress-metabolic protein is known for its anti-oxidative effects as a downstream factor of PERK pathways in mammalian cells. However, the expression patterns of SESN2 in conjunction with the UPR signaling against to ER stress on porcine oocyte maturation in vitro, have not been reported. Therefore, we confirmed the expression pattern of SESN2 protein, for which to examine the relationship between PERK signaling and SESN2 in porcine oocyte during IVM. We investigated the SESN2 expression patterns using Western blot analysis in denuded oocytes (DOs), cumulus cells (CCs), and cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) at 22 and 44 h of IVM. As expected, the SESN2 protein level significantly increased (p < 0.01) in porcine COCs during 44 h of IVM. We investigated the meiotic maturation after applying ER stress inhibitor in various concentration (50, 100 and 200 μM) of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA). We confirmed significant increase (p < 0.05) of meiotic maturation rate in TUDCA 200 μM treated COCs for 44 h of IVM. Finally, we confirmed the protein level of SESN2 and meiotic maturation via regulating ER-stress by only tunicamycin (Tm), only TUDCA, and Tm + TUDCA treatment in porcine COCs. As a result, treatment of the TUDCA following Tm pre-treatment reduced SESN2 protein level in porcine COCs. In addition, SESN2 protein level significantly reduced in only TUDCA treated porcine COCs. Our results suggest that the SESN2 expression is related to the stress mediator response to ER stress through the PERK signaling pathways in porcine oocyte maturation.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2013

Objective: The study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of Ziziphus mucronata (ZM) fruit extract. Methods: The different types of fruit extract were prepared by soaking the dry powdered fruit in different solvents followed by rotary evaporation. Each extract was tested for its phenol content and antioxidant activities. An in vivo study was performed in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Thirty adult male SD rats (aged 21 weeks) were divided into six groups of five rats each and treated as follows: The normal control (NC) received distilled water while the dimethoate control (DC) received 6 mg/kg.bw.day-1 dimethoate dissolved in distilled water. The experimental groups E1, E2, E3, and E0 received dimethoate (6 mg/kg.bw) + ZMFM (100 mg/kg.bw-1), dimethoate (6 mg/kg.bw) + ZMFM (200 mg/kg.bw-1), dimethoate (6 mg/kg.bw) + ZMFM (300 mg/kg.bw-1), and ZMFM (300 mg/kg.bw-1) only. Both the normal control and the dimethoate control groups were used to compare the results. After 90 days, rats were sacrificed, blood was collected for biochemical assays, and livers were harvested for histological study. Results: High phenol content was estimated, and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH) spectrophotometric, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and 2, 2-Azobis-3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assays showed a high antioxidant activity among the extracts. The preventive effects observed in the E1, E2 and E3 groups proved that the extract could prevent dimethoate toxicity by maintaining normal reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C and E, superoxide dismutase, catalase, cholineasterase and lipid profiles. The preventive effect was observed to be dose dependent. The EO group showed no extract-induced toxicity. Histological observations agreed with the results obtained in the biochemical studies. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that ZM methanol fruit extract is capable of attenuating dimethoate-induced toxicity because of its high antioxidant activity.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.767-775
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the preventive effect of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Rhei Rhizoma and Carthami Flos combined with Samgijiwhang-Tang(SJTSRC) on streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy. Rats were divided into a control group of rats with STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy, a sample group of those given SJTSRC, and a normal group. In the experiment diabetic nephropathy was induced by giving STZ(60mg/kg) to rats via the peritoneum, and effects were assessed with measures of serum creatinine, serum BUN, secretion content of albumin and glucose content of urine, malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione(GSH) content in cortex of kidney. When STZ was injected into sample rat, the value of creatinine and BUN increased validly and STZ did damage to the kidney. When applying SJTSRC to sample rats, the value of serum creatinine decreased validly but the value of serum BUN decreased invalidity. It was confirmed that SJTSRC had an effect on recovery after kidney damage and secretion content of albumin increasedafter administration of SJTSRC but there was no change in glucose content of urine compared with the control group. The decrease of secretion of albumin after injection of STZ was taken to mean progressive diabetic nephropathy, and that reversal of that trend after SJTSRC administration showed that kidney function had improved, not through decreasing blood sugar, but through other factors. Results suggest that diabetic nephropathy was induced by STZ, and SJTSRC was effective in restricting the extent of damage to the kidney and halting the progression of diabetic nephropathy with improvement in levels of serum creatinine and albumin secretion. More study is needed, particularity pertaining to anti-oxidative effects in the kidney cortex.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.380-388
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• 2002

The inhibitory effects of the traditional herbal medicine Hwao-tang on the progression of the atherosclerotic lesions were studied using the spontaneous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) model, Kurosawa and Kusanagi-hypercholesterolemic (KHC) rabbits. Hwao-tang is activate blood circulation, vital energy and regulate menstruation, etc. Nowadays, Hwao-tang is mainly used for the treatment of inflammation, hyperlipemia and arteriosclerosis. However, pharmacological mechanisms of Hwao-tang on lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis formation are poorly understood. We have investigated the pharmacological effects of Hwao-tang on hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis using a spontaneous experimental model. In conclusion, the protection of extracts of HOT and its herbs on the ischemic infarction induced artificially might be related to their inhibitory effects on DIC, platelet coagulation and thrombic action. These suggest that Hwao-tang has inhibitory effects on the development of atheromatous plaque formation in spontaneous FH model rabbits. It is possible that the anti oxidative effects of Hwao-tang on LDL led to the beneficial effects observed in this study.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2015

Lindera obtusiloba has been widely used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of lots of diseases, including abdominal pain, bruise, and hepatocirrhosis. Here in this study, we elucidated the lifespan-extending effect of methanolic extract of Lindera obtusiloba (MLO) using Caenorhabditis elegans model system. We found that MLO has potent lifespan extension activities under normal culture condition. Then, we determined the protective effects of MLO on the stress conditions such as osmotic, thermal and oxidative stress. To reveal possible mechanism of MLO-mediated lifespan, we further investigated the effect of MLO on the antioxidant enzyme activities and intracellular ROS levels. Our results demonstrated that superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly up-regulated by MLO treatment, resulted in reduced intracellular ROS levels. In this work, we also tested whether MLO-mediated longevity activity was associated with aging-related factors such as food intake and growth. Our data revealed that both of pharyngeal pumping rate and body length were significantly shifted by MLO treatment, indicating these factors were involved in MLO's lifespan-extension effects. Although MLO induces reduction in food intake, the body movement of MLO-fed aged worms was not decreased, compared to untreated control worms, indicating MLO might extend lifespan without affecting healthspan.