• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.655-661
• /
• 2007

The biological activities of methanol extracts of Angelica gigas Nakai, such as antioxidation, anticancer and immuno-activity, were investigated in relation to development of functional foods. Anti-oxidation activity in the methanol extracts were assessed by hydrogen donating activity, reducing power and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Activities were dose-dependent over concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/mL, with thehydrogen donating activity being over 50% at 1 mg/mL concentration. The methanol extracts inhibited the proliferation of SW480 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and chromatin condensation and apoptotic bodies were observed by fluorescence microcopy in the cells treated with the extracts for 24 hr. Caspase-3 activity was also increased in a dose-dependent manner in cells treated with the extracts relative to control cells. The extracts did not induce the proliferation of mouse spleen cells or NO production in macrophage cells (RAW 264.7). These results show that the methanol extract had slight anti-oxidative activity and did not increase immuno-activity, but inhibited proliferation of SW480 through apoptosis via a caspase dependent pathway.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.20 no.7
• /
• pp.1093-1099
• /
• 2010

Little is known about the cardiovascular effects of Lycopene, an anti-cancer and anti-oxidative agent. In this study, we executed a series of experiments with vascular endothelial cells to disclose the cardiovascular functions of lycopene. From our in vitro experiments, lycopene was determined to act as a stimulant to induce endothelial cell proliferation and migration. In addition, lycopene was shown to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced adhesion of THP-1 leukocytes to endothelial cells, as well as activating mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members, ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK. Both ERK and p38 MAPK were involved in lycopene-induced cell proliferation, while JNK was involved in lycopene-dependent cell migration. Taken together, lycopene activates MAPK family members which regulate cell proliferation and migration. Lycopene differentially blocks LPS-dependent adhesion for THP-1 to endothelial cells, indicating that lycopene is likely to regulate a variety of vascular functions.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2015

It has been shown that the extracts including eupatilin and quercetin-3-${\beta}$-D-glucuronopyranoside had mucoprotective effects on the esophagus and stomach through their antioxidant activities. This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of these flavonoid compounds in an animal model of inflammatory bowel disease induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Experimental colitis was induced by intracolonic administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Extracts including eupatilin or quercetin-3-${\beta}$-D-glucuronopyranoside were orally administered to animals 48, 24, and 1 h prior to the induction of colitis and then again 24 h later. The animals were sacrificed 48 h after by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid treatment and the macroscopic appearance of the colonic lesions was scored in a blinded manner on a scale of 1 to 10. The inflammatory response to colitis induction was assessed by measuring myeloperoxidase activity, nitric oxide production, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ expression, total glutathione levels, and malondialdehyde concentrations in the colon. The results indicated that extracts including eupatilin and extracts including quercetin-3-${\beta}$-D-glucuronopyranoside dose-dependently improved the morphology of the lesions induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and reduced the ulcer index accordingly. In addition, rats receiving extracts including eupatilin and extracts including quercetin-3-${\beta}$-D-glucuronopyranoside showed significantly decreased levels of mucosal myeloperoxidase activity, nitric oxide production, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ expression, and malondialdehyde levels, and increased total glutathione levels. Extracts including eupatilin and extracts including quercetin-3-${\beta}$-D-glucuronopyranoside ameliorated the inflammatory response and colonic injury in acute colitis by decreasing oxidative stress and neutrophil activation. Extracts including eupatilin and extracts including quercetin-3-${\beta}$-D-glucuronopyranoside may inhibit acute colitis.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.222-227
• /
• 2012

In this study, nano-emulsion containing ethyl acetate fraction of Polygonum aviculare (P. aviculare) extract was prepared and skin permeability of the nano-emulsion was evaluated. Nano-emulsion was prepared using homogenizer and microfluidizer by the high-energy method. The droplet size and loading efficiency of nano-emulsion containing ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare extract were determined. The mean droplet size was 238 nm and the loading efficiency was more than 98%. The size distribution of nano-emulsion was a monodispersed form and nano-emulsion was more stable than that of using typical emulsion without using the microfluidizer. The in vitro skin permeation study of nano-emulsion containing ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare extract was carried out using Franz diffusion cells. Compared to 1,3-butylene glycol, nano-emulsion showed greater values of cumulative permeation of ethyl acetate fraction from P. aviculare extract. These results indicate that the stability and skin permeability of nano-emulsion containing ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare exerting anti-oxidative and anti-aging activities were enhanced.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.253-257
• /
• 2015

Acanthopanax senticosus is an herb that has been used as a traditional remedy and medicine source. Its anti-inflammatory and, anti-oxidative effects have been reported in previous studies. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Acanthopanax senticosus water extracts on mouse macrophage cell in vitro. Mouse splenocyte proliferation increased after application of Acanthopanax senticosus water extract supplement of 5, 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ after 48 h pre-treatment with a mitogen (ConA or LPS). The production of cytokines secreted by LPS and non LPS stimulated macrophages was detected by ELISA assay using a cytokine kit. Cytokine production (IL-2, IFN-${\gamma}$, and TNF-${\alpha}$) increased after water extract supplementation. The result of this in vitro study, showed that splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production by activated peritoneal macrophages were increased after Acanthopanax senticosus water extract in the range of $500{\sim}1,000{\mu}L/mL$. Thus, it is suggested that supplementation with Acanthopanax senticosus water extracts may enhance immune function by regulating splenocyte proliferation and enhancing cytokine production by activated macrophage.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.31 no.4 s.54
• /
• pp.311-321
• /
• 2005

Tea (Camellia sinenis) is a popular beverage consumed worldwide. Since green tea, mainly consumed in Asia, has various biological activities, green tea components became one of the most favorite candidates as a functional materials for cosmetics and functional foods. The biological activities of green tea for skin cue have been ranged from protection of epidermal cells to the stimulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) biosynthesis. Green tea polyphenols (GTPs), which are active ingredients of green tea, possess anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and immune potentiation properties as well as antioxidant. They also modulate intracellular signal transduction pathways. GTPs decrease ultraviolet (UV)-induced oxidative stress, thus suppress mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and apoptosis in keratinocytes. In addition, GTPs prevent the Induction of inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by tumor necrosis factor alpha $(TNF{\alpha})$ or chemical treatment in keratinocytes. GTPs treatment protects from chemical-or UV-induced skin tumor incidence in animal experiment. Besides, GTPs stimulate keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation of normal and aged epidermal cells, resectively, and suppress matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) release. According to the progress of formulation study, green tea components will be guaranteed materials for the more effective skin cue products.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.420-432
• /
• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and digestive enzyme activity in water extract (SAW) and 60% ethanol extract (SAE) from Stachys sieboldii. As the treatment concentration of each extract S. sieboldii extract increased, antibacterial and antioxidant activity increased. The total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents of SAW were 106.25 ± 0.94 mgGAE/g, 24.4 ± 0.24 mgQE/g and SAE were 124.61 ± 1.11 mgGAE/g, 45.2 ± 3.52 mgQE/g, respectively. The 400 ㎍/mL of SAW and SAE performed more than 53% protective effects against oxidative stress in HepG2 cell lines. All extracts were not showed cytotoxicity to RAW 264.7 cell line at 100 ㎍/mL. NO production was reduced to 44.3 ± 1.4% for SAW and 45.1 ± 1.0% for SAE at a concentration of 100 ㎍/mL. The production of inflammatory cytokines each TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was inhibited in a concentration-dependent. S. sieboldii extract did not showed Caco-2 cells cytotoxicity and inhibited NO production in concentration-dependent. As the concentration of the S. sieboldii extract increased of α-amylase and protease enzymes activity, which are digestive enzyme. As a result of the experiment, it is judged that it can be used as basic data for the development of health food using S. sieboldii.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.312-321
• /
• 2018

Recently, consumer demand for functional cosmetics containing natural ingredients has been greatly expanded. To develop the natural cosmetic materials, we selected 3 plants, Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich (CZ), Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. acuta Kudo (PF), and Rosa multiflora Thunberg (RM) which showed high total flavonoid contents (TFC), total polyphenol contents (TPC), and strong DPPH radical scavenging effect. We determined astragalin, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid as a marker compound for quantitative analysis of the content of each material and standardization of the quality standards and manufacturing standards through LC/MS analysis. HPLC-DAD was used to simultaneously analyze these marker components of three natural product complexes (Mix) and to validate the analytical method through experiments such as linearity, accuracy and precision. The detection wavelengths were set at 210, 265, and 330 nm. The detected 3 compounds from extract of CZ, PF, RM showed significant linearity ($R^2${\geq_-}$0.9947). The limit of detection (LOD) of chlorogenic acid, astragalin and rosmarinic acid were $8.29{\mu}g/ml$, $2.28{\mu}g/ml$, and $27.00{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of chlorogenic acid, astragalin and rosmarinic acid were $25.11{\mu}g/ml$, $6.92{\mu}g/ml$, and $81.83{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The contents of the three indicators of Mix were 19.82-24.71 mg/g of chlorogenic acid, 43.80-46.02 mg/g of astragalin, and 46.33-48.57 mg/g of rosmarinic acid.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.10-19
• /
• 2019

Morphology of cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) at germinal vesicle (GV) stage as one of the evaluation criteria for oocyte maturation quality after in vitro maturation (IVM) plays important roles on the meiotic maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development in pigs. When cumulus cells of COCs are insufficient, which is induced the low oocyte maturation rate by the increasing of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in porcine oocyte during IVM. The ROS are known to generate including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide from electron transport system of mitochondria during oocyte maturation in pigs. To regulate the ROS production, the cumulus cells is secreted the various antioxidant enzymes during IVM of porcine oocyte. Our previous study showed that Mito-TEMPO, superoxide specific scavenger, improves the embryonic developmental competence and blastocyst formation rate by regulating of mitochondria functions in pigs. However, the effects of Mito-TEMPO as a superoxide scavenger to help the anti-oxidant functions from cumulus cells of COCs on meiotic maturation during porcine oocyte IVM has not been reported. Here, we categorized experimental groups into two groups (Grade 1: G1; high cumulus cells and Grade 2: G2; low cumulus cells) by using hemocytometer. The meiotic maturation rate from G2 was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased (G1: $79.9{\pm}3.8%$ vs G2: $57.5{\pm}4.6%$) compared to G1. To investigate the production of mitochondria derived superoxide, we used the mitochondrial superoxide dye, Mito-SOX. Red fluorescence of Mito-SOX detected superoxide was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in COCs of G2 compared with G1. And, we examined expression levels of genes associated with mitochondrial antioxidant such as SOD1, SOD2 and PRDX3 using a RT-PCR in porcine COCs at 44 h of IVM. The mRNA levels of three antioxidant enzymes expression in COCs from G2 were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than COCs of G1. In addition, we investigated the anti-oxidative effects of Mito-TEMPO on meiotic maturation of porcine oocyte from G1 and G2. Meiotic maturation and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes were significantly (p < 0.05) recovered in G2 by Mito-TEMPO ($0.1{\mu}M$, MT) treatment (G2: $68.4{\pm}3.2%$ vs G2 + MT: $73.9{\pm}1.4%$). Therefore, our results suggest that reduction of mitochondria derived superoxide by Mito-TEMPO may improves the meiotic maturation in IVM of porcine oocyte.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.17-32
• /
• 2021

Objectives The present study was designed to find out the therapeutic effects and possible underlying mechanism of Buja-tang, a herbal complex formula on experimental monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis. Methods Osteoarthritis models were created via intra-joint injection of MIA (50 μL with 80 mg/mL) in rats. Rats were divided into five groups and each group consisted of seven. Normal group was not injected MIA and did a normal diet. Control group injected MIA and received distilled water. Indo injected MIA and oral administration of 5 mg/kg of indomethacin. BJTL injected MIA and oral administration of 100 mg/kg of Buja-tang. BJTH injected MIA and oral administration of 200 mg/kg of Buja-tang. We analyzed weight-bearing ability of hind paws, oxidative stress related factor, antioxidant protein, inflammatory protein, inflammatory messenger and cytokine in joint tissue. Pathological observation of knee cartilage tissue structures was also performed with hematoxylin & eosin and safranin-O chromosomes. Results Weight-bearing ability of hind paws showed a tendency to reduce pain. The incidence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and p22phox in articular tissue was significantly reduced, and the incidence of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutases was significantly increased. The incidence of phosphorylated inhibitor of κBα, nuclear factor-kappa B p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β decreased significantly. In pathological observation, cartilage tissue damaged by MIAs in biopsy has significantly recovered from Buja-tang administration. Conclusions Buja-tang has anti-inflammation, antioxidation and pain relief effects. So this is thought to inhibit the progress of osteoarthritis in rat caused by the MIA.