• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.98-106
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• 1982

This study was carried out to investigate the nutritional status of physically handicapped children with cerebral palsy in order to contribute to their welfare by studying their healthy status, nutrient intake, daily energy expenditure, and living environment. The survey was conducted at two rehabilitation institutions from May 25 to June 30, 1981. A special questionnaire was designed to investigate the living environment. The 24 hr. recall method was used in evaluation the nutrient intake of 67 children. Anthropometric measurement was made of height, weight, chestgirth, upper-arm circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness. The biochemical status of the children with cerebral palsy was assessed with measurement of hemoglobin and hematocrit. The results may be summarized as follows : 1. The children with cerebral palsy, the intakes of all nutrients except vitamin A, thiamin, and ascorbic acid were lower than Korean recommend dietary allowances (1980). They had significantly higher intakes of vitamin A and calcium than the normal children, but the calcium intake was low as 62% of the Korea RDA. 2. All the children with cerebral palsy were very short and low weight in comparison with the accepted standards, but chestgirth was above the accepted standards for Korean school children. 3. The average hemoglobin value was 12.2gm%, hematocrit 39.3%, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 31.1%. 4. The possible etiological factors of cerebral palsy were, prenatal factors 16%, natal 44.9%, postnatal 27.5%, and unknown 11.6%. Eighty four percent of the children showed their first symptoms within the first year after birth. 5. Thirty percent of the parents said that the handicapped children lead to marital problems, and 84.1% of the parents mentioned that medical expenses for the children influenced their family finances.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.247-266
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• 2022

This study examines the sociodemographic and anthropometric data, health-related and dietary habits, and nutrient intakes according to depression levels in men and women aged over 65 years. A total of 2,938 subjects were analyzed from the 2016~2018 Korean National Health and Examination Survey. Statistical analyses for complex samples were applied using the SPSS software package. Based on the health questionnaire-9, the subjects were applied into two groups. The percentage of depression in women was significantly higher than in men (P<0.001). The factors associated with men's depression were marital status (P<0.05), household income (P<0.001), occupation (P<0.01), and body mass index (P<0.01). Women's depression was found to be significantly associated with household income (P<0.001), education level (P<0.01), basic living allowance (P<0.001), and body weight status (P<0.01). Perceived health status, stress level, quality of life, not feeling very well for the last two weeks, and activity restriction (P<0.001, respectively) were significant health-related habits associated with depression in both sexes. Diabetes (P<0.05) amongst men and hypertriglyceridemia (P<0.01) in women were significant factors associated with depression. Frequency of meals and eating meals together were significant dietary habits associated with depression by sex. Significant associations between improper nutrient intake and depression were also derived for both sexes; 7 nutrients were identified in men and 10 in women. Our results indicate that different factors are associated with depression in the elderly based on sex. Hence, sex-based health promotion programs are required to prevent the onset of depression among the elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.149-156
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• 2007

This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of food commodity supplementary program for low-income, living alone elderly people. The subjects were 57 low income aged females who lived alone in Bucheon city. The food commodity supplementary program lasted for 6 months, supplying one meal per day consisting with grains, meat, vegetables, dairy and fruit. Dietary intake, anthropometric measurements, and blood profiles were assessed. After 6 months of food commodity supplemented period, dietary intakes of protein(p<0.05), calcium(p<0.05), iron(p<0.05) and vitamin B(p<0.001) were significantly increased. The mean weight(p<0.05) and BMI(p<0.05) were increased, and the frequency of BMI over 25kg/m$^2$ was also raised from 54.4% to 59.7%. Serum concentrations of total protein(p<0.001) and albumin(p<0.001) were significantly increased, indicating improvement of protein status. The frequency of anemia was decreased from 45.6% to 26.3%. However, the proportion of dyslipidemia was increased. In general the stable food commodity supplementary program was effective to improve general nutritional status of the poor aged who lived alone, however, nutrient intakes still did not meet RDA for the elderly and the rates of obesity and dyslipidemia were increased. Therefore, local government should provide more active food support program and the selection of food items for commodity should be evaluated at regular intervals.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.112-122
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• 1997

According to economical status, malnutrition and overnutrition coexist among preschool children in Korea. Malnutrition have been a serious problem for children in some of rural. Many children have deficiencies of some nutrients such as riboflavin A, and simultaneously they have overcaloric intakes with empty calorie foods. Preschool children have nutritional problems which can affect the growth and development. To investigate whether nutritional intakes can influence on the growth or not, nutritional intakes and anthropometric measurements were determined for infants aged 4~6 years old in three different kinds of preschools. Daily nutrient intakes were calculated by the combination of a direct measurement and 24 hour recall, and the diet consumption patterns were determined by diet quality index. Overall growth of infants in Cheonan area was under the normal growth in Korea. Preschool children in orphanage consumed almost all nutrients much less than the recommended daily allowances, on the other hands, children in private preschool had over-intakes of nutrients when it is compared with the daily requirements. However, the scores of the diet quality index were similar in three preschools since children in private preschool consumed more fat and junk food than those in orphanage. The weight and height of preschool children in orphanage was lower than those in private preschools. This was due to the lower consumption of the important nutrients in infants in orphanage. The consumption of all nutrients except fat did not show any correlation with height or weight. The quality index of fat, cholesterol, grains and protein intakes was higher in children in private preschool than in orphanage. In conclusions, 1)the private preschool children had worse nutrient intake patterns. Better consumption of vitamin $B_2$, calcium and grains were, bigger height and chest circumferences children obtained. 2)Since most of energy intake of preschool children came from junk foods, they needed to consume more supplementation of vitamins and minerals, which is necessary for normal growth. 3)It is desirable for the children to cut down junk foods and empty calorie foods.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.430-442
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• 2009

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the dietary intake according to calorie intake from a coffee containing beverage and the bone health status of 189 female collegians. The study was conducted through questionnaires, anthropometric checkup, 3-days food records and ultrasound measurement of calcaneus bone mineral density. Subjects were divided into three groups: students not drinking coffee(non-coffee group, N=56), students consuming <100 kcal daily from coffee(low-calorie coffee group, N=84), and students consuming $\geq100$ kcal of their total daily calories from coffee(high- calorie coffee group, N=49). There were no significant differences in weight, height, body mass index, body fat and calcaneus bone mineral density among the three groups. The low-calorie coffee group usually drank black coffee or instant coffee mix, and the high-calorie coffee group habitually drank coffee with milk or sugar syrup. There were no significant differences in the mean daily energy and food intake among the three groups. However, vitamin $B_2$(p<0.05) and calcium (p<0.01) intake in the high-calorie coffee group were higher than in the non-coffee group. Also, mean intake of sugars, fish and shellfishes, milks and beverages in the high-calorie coffee group were also significantly higher than in non coffee group(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the Korean Dietary Diversity Score(KDDS) among the three groups. The main calcium source was milk in all three groups, and milk intake(total and included with coffee) was highest in the high-calorie coffee group. Although no significant difference was apparent between the high-calorie and non-coffee groups concerning anthropometric factors and calcaneus bone mineral density, consumption of coffee may have influenced food and nutrient intake. The results suggest that consumption of milk-supplemented coffee may be of nutritional benefit.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.192-199
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• 1998

1. 조사 대상자들의 평균 키와 체중은 각각 161.00$\pm$4.15cm, 50.45$\pm$8.15kg이었으며 BMI는 19.81$\pm$3.98, 체지방율은 26.12$\pm$4.12, skinfold thickness는 40.40$\pm$12.56mm로 나타났다. 2. 조사 대상자들의 혈액성상은 적혈구 수, 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크리트치, albumin, globulin, 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤, 총 중성지방을 측정하였으며 헤마토크리트치를 제외한 나머지 성상들은 모두 정상 범위에 속하였다. 헤마토크리트치는 정상범주에 미달되는 것으로 나타나 이로 말미암아 철분 결핍성 빈형에 노출될 확률이 아주 많음을 보였다. 3. 용돈별로 체지방율을 분류하여 분석한 결과 한달 용돈이 평균 20~30만원을 쓰는 group의 체지방율이 22.00%로서 정상 수준 이었으며, 30만원 이상 사용하는 group은 비만으로 나타났다.(p<0.05) 한편, 그 외의 group들은 체내 체지방율 수준도 정상 수준인 20~25%를 넘어 체중으로 나타났다. 또한 30만원 이상 사용하는 group은 다른 group보다 RBC(million/㎣), Hb(g/이), Hct(%) 모두가 낮게 나타났으며, 빈혈로 판정될 수 있는 수준이었다. 4. 다이어트 빈도별 각 요인들간의 상관관계를 살펴보면 다이어트 시도를 자주 한다고 답변한 group이 거의 실시하지 않는다., 실시해 본 적이 없다라고 대답한 group보다 체중과 BMI가 유의적으로 낮았다.(p<0.05) 그러나 skinfold thickness(mm)와 체지방율은 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 비록 다이어트 실시를 자주할 경우 절대적인 체중감량은 감소되지만 체내 지방량이 감소되는 것은 아니라고 판단된다. 5. 다이어트 실시기간에 따라 혈액 성상을 분석한 결과, 4개월 미만 다이어트를 실시하였으나, 1개월 전부터 현재(설문지에 응답한 시점)까지 기간 중에는 다이어트를 실시한 적이 없다고 대답한 group의 Alb(g/dl)과 Glo(g/dl)의 수치가 다이어트를 실시한 적이 없다고 대답한 group에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다.(p<0.05) 6. 체중은 BMI와 양의 상관관계를 나타내었으며, BMI는 견갑골과도 높은 양의 상관관계를 가졌다. 상완부는 견갑골, skinfold thickness(mm), 체지방율과 높은 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 반면 Hb(g/dl), Hct(%)와는 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 견갑골은 BMI 뿐 아니라 skinfold thickness(mm), 체지방율과 양의 상관관계를 나타내었으며, skinfold thickness(mm)는 체지방율과 유의적인 양의 상관관계가 있음이 나타났다. 7. RBC(million/㎣)는 Hb(g/dl) 및 Hct(%)와 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 나타내었으며, Hb(g/dl)도 Hct(%)와 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. Alb(g/dl)은 Glo(g/dl) 및 TCH(mg/dl), HDL(mg/dl)과도 양의 상관관계를 가졌다. Glo(g/dl)은 TCH(mg/dl)과 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, TCH(mg/dl)은 Alb(g/dl), Glo(g/dl)이에도 TTG(mg/dl), LDL-cho(mg/dl) HDL-cho과도 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. TTG(mg/dl)은 LDL-cho(mg/dl)과는 양의 상관관계를 HDL-cho(mg/dl)과는 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.122-132
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• 2010

Elderly people comprise an increasing proportion of the population, and nutritional impairments may contribute to health problems among this group. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional status by Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and to identify relationships among anthropometric measurements, biochemical indicators, bone Mineral Density (BMD) and MNA results among older adults (${\geq}$65 yrs, n=98, 66.7${\pm}$2.5 yrs; M=52, F=46, BMI 24.5${\pm}$2.8 $kg/m^2$) at a Health Care Center. A dietitian administered MNA and collected anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference), biochemical indicators (albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, TLC, glucose, lipids) and the BMD (spine, femur, F=46). Subjects were grouped into a normal nutrition group (0~2 risk factors of malnutrition) and a high risk of malnutrition group (>=3 risk factors of malnutrition) based on their risk factor status for malnutrition. The risk factors for malnutrition include age ${\geq}$65 years, PIBW <90%, albumin <3.5 g/dl, TLC <1,500%, Hgb <14 g/dl (men), Hgb <10 g/dl (women), loss of appetite and weight loss 1~3 kg/last 3 months. In addition, subjects were grouped into a normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis group by BMD. We found that 12% of the subjects were at risk of malnutrition (MNA score, 21.4${\pm}$2.1) and that 88% were well nourished (27.3${\pm}$1.5) according to the MNA. Full-MNA scores were positively and significantly (p<0.05) associated with BMI, mid-arm circumference (MAC), calf circumference (CC), albumin and hemoglobin, respectively. The full-MNA score of the high risk of malnutrition group (23.0${\pm}$3.8) was lower than that of the normal nutrition group (27.0${\pm}$2.1) (p<0.05). In addition, the Full-MNA score was negatively associated with the risk factor of malnutrition (r=－0.35, p=0.0004). We found that 39.1% of the subjects had osteoporosis, 45.7% had osteopenia and 15.2% were normal according to their BMD. The MNA score of osteoporosis group (24.58${\pm}$3.3) was lower than that of the normal (27.4${\pm}$1.1) and osteopenia group (26.9${\pm}$1.5) (p<0.05). These results suggested that MNA can be useful as a nutritional screening tool of older adults in Health Care Centers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.126-134
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• 2016

The aim of this cross sectional study was to examine the prevalence of sarcopenia in association with ADL, nutritional status and depression among community dwelling elderly women. The study subjects were 90 elderly women, 65 years and over, who were living in the communities of B and D metropolitan cities from May to July, 2014. The measurements were anthropometric measures, The mini-nutritional assessment instrument (MNA), ADL, IADL, MMSE, and SGDS-K were used. The mean age of the subjects was 74.7(8.22), the prevalence of sarcopenia of this population was 37.8%, almost none of them (94.4%) required assistance in ADL, 15.6% had a risk of undernutrition, and 12.2% had the symptom of depression. The sarcopenic subjects were characterized as low income, low education, living alone, and had more co-morbidity than those of the non-sarcopenic subjects. The sarcopenic subjects were undernourished, and had higher depression scores (SGDS-K), but not in the ADL, than those of the non-sarcopenic subjects. The calf and thigh circumferences, and cognitive ability were the best predictors of sarcopenia, In conclusion, low calf and thigh circumferences and low cognitive ability will increase the risk of sarcopenia in those 65 and over in community dwelling facilities and those three predictors will be useful in the early detection of sarcopenia in the future.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.582-591
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• 2008

Both genetic and environmental factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson Disease(PD). The contribution of many environmental factors including dietary factor remains unproven. The purpose the study was to investigate the dietary habits, nutrient intake and dietary quality of Korean PD patients according to the duration of disease. PD patients were recruited from K and S university hospitals from May 2005 to January 2006. This study was carried out after approval by the Institute Review Board(IRB). British Brain Bank criteria was used to diagnose PD. The subjects were classified into 2 groups based on the duration of PD: <25 months and $\geq$25 months groups. General characteristics, anthropometric measurements, food habits and dietary intakes were investigated. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The mean age of <25 months group($66.9{\pm}8.0$ yr) was significantly higher than that of $\geq$25 months group($62.2{\pm}8.8$ yr)(p<0.05). No significant differences were found for academic background, occupation, living status and social activity, however, numbers of diseases, exercise and family history of PD were significantly different. 2) Anthropometric measurements were not different between the two groups. 3) The frequency of taking snacks was significantly higher in <25 months group and the amounts of alcohol consumption were significantly higher in $\geq$25 months group. 4) Daily intakes of most nutrients were very low compared with DRI. 5) The MAR score was significantly lower in <25 months group(p<0.05;) however, the scores of DVS, DDS and DQI were not significantly different. As a conclusion an overall nutrient intake and dietary quality of the Parkinson's Disease patients need to be improved regardless of duration of the disease and a well-balanced diet should be emphasized.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 1998

Recently, the number of patients who received Bone Marrow Transplantation(BMT) has been increased dramatically and the diseases for which BMT if efficacious are increasing. Adequate nutritional card for BMT patients is crucial for the success of BMT because nutritional deficiency could provoke deteriorative effects. However, little is known about nutritional status among BMT patients in Korea. This study was conducted to assess oral and parenteral intake of BMT patients and compare the change of nutritional status before and after BMT. Twenty-two BMT patients who were admitted to the Severance hospital from December in 1995 to September in 1997 participated in the study. Total calorie requirements were calculated for each patients individually and nutritional support for each patients consisted of oral and parenteral feeding. To assess oral intake of BMT patients, each patients recorded the amount of food they have eaten from 6 days before BMT to 28 days after BMT. The medical records of each patients were used to assess parenteral intake. To compare the nutritional status before and after BMT, the results of anthropometric and biochemical test from 14 days before BMT to 28 days after BMT were used. At the time of admission, the patients were in allowable nutritional status and their total calorie intake was 93% of total calorie requirement. When the preparative regimen for BMT was started, the patients' oral intake was dramatically decreased below 400kcal/day. Even though their oral intake was increased after BMT, their oral intake at the 4th week after BMT was only 752kcal/d, which is only 35.8% of total calorie requirement. The patients' mean oral intake during BMT period (from 6 days before BMT to 28 days after BMT) was only 439kcal/d. Although Total Parenteral Nutrition(TPN) was added when the preparative regimen was started, the patients' mean total caloric intake during BMT period was 111% of basal energy expenditure and 83% of total calorie requirement. The mean total protein intake was only 58% of total protein requirement. In the comparison of nutritional status between pretransplant phase and posttransplant phase in BMT patients, their body weight and serum albumin level were significantly decreased(p<0.001). These results show inadequacies in nutritional intake among BMT patients, and indicate the need of TPN during BMT period.