Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association (대한영양사협회학술지)

The Korean Dietetic Association (대한영양사협회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Correlation of Health-Related Habits, Eating Habits, and Nutrients Intakes According to Depression in Elderly Men and Women : Analysis of the 2016~2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

남녀노인의 우울에 따른 건강 관련 습관, 식습관 및 영양소 섭취량 -2016~2018 국민건강영양조사 자료 분석-

  • Received : 2022.09.02
  • Accepted : 2022.10.11
  • Published : 2022.11.02
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study examines the sociodemographic and anthropometric data, health-related and dietary habits, and nutrient intakes according to depression levels in men and women aged over 65 years. A total of 2,938 subjects were analyzed from the 2016~2018 Korean National Health and Examination Survey. Statistical analyses for complex samples were applied using the SPSS software package. Based on the health questionnaire-9, the subjects were applied into two groups. The percentage of depression in women was significantly higher than in men (P<0.001). The factors associated with men's depression were marital status (P<0.05), household income (P<0.001), occupation (P<0.01), and body mass index (P<0.01). Women's depression was found to be significantly associated with household income (P<0.001), education level (P<0.01), basic living allowance (P<0.001), and body weight status (P<0.01). Perceived health status, stress level, quality of life, not feeling very well for the last two weeks, and activity restriction (P<0.001, respectively) were significant health-related habits associated with depression in both sexes. Diabetes (P<0.05) amongst men and hypertriglyceridemia (P<0.01) in women were significant factors associated with depression. Frequency of meals and eating meals together were significant dietary habits associated with depression by sex. Significant associations between improper nutrient intake and depression were also derived for both sexes; 7 nutrients were identified in men and 10 in women. Our results indicate that different factors are associated with depression in the elderly based on sex. Hence, sex-based health promotion programs are required to prevent the onset of depression among the elderly.

Keywords

References

  1. Bae JN (2002): Depression in late life. Korean J Med 63(5):602-608
  2. Bruinsma KA, Taren DL (2000): Dieting, essential fatty acid intake, and depression. Nutr Rev 58(4):98-108 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2000.tb07539.x
  3. Choo J, Jeon S, Lee J (2014): Gender differences in health-related quality of life associated with abdominal obesity in a Korean population. BMJ Open 4(1):e003954 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003954
  4. Chung HJ, Yun JY, Lee HS, Lee SH, Shim GW (2001): Factors associated with depression in the Korean elderly. Korean J Clin Geriatr 2(2):81-95
  5. Gilbody S, Lightfoot T, Sheldon T (2007): Is low folate a risk factor for depression? A meta-analysis and exploration of heterogeneity. J Epidemiol Community Health 61(7):631-637 https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2006.050385
  6. Han C, Jo SA, Kwak JH, Pae CU, Steffens D, Jo I, Park MH (2008): Validation of the patient health questionnaire-9 Korean version in the elderly population: the Ansan geriatric study. Compr Psychiatry 49(2):218-223 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.08.006
  7. Jang JM (2018): Nutrients and eating habits according to gender and depression by age. J Foodserv Manag 21(5):219-240
  8. Jee YJ, Woo KM (2016): Factors influencing depression among elderly: analysis of 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Asia Pac J Multimed Serv Converg Art Humanit Sociol 6(10):337-344
  9. Jeon HG, Sim JM, Lee KC (2016): An empirical approach to analyzing effects of disease and activity limit on depression prevalence rate in the elderly depending on stress experience: KNHANES data analysis. Korean J Health Educ Promot 33(1):13-22 https://doi.org/10.14367/kjhep.2016.33.1.13
  10. Jo HS, Kim BG, Lee HJ, Lee BY (2010): Perceived social support as influencing factors on quality of life among cancer patients. Korean J Health Educ Promot 27(4):51-59
  11. Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Newton TL (2001): Marriage and health: his and hers. Psychol Bull 127(4):472-503 https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.4.472
  12. Kim B (2020): Factors influencing depressive symptoms in the elderly: using the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII-1). J Health Inform Stat 45(2):165-172 https://doi.org/10.21032/jhis.2020.45.2.165
  13. Kim HY, Lee JS, Youn JC, Chang MJ (2016): Food and nutrient intake status of Korean elderly by degree of cognitive function. J Nutr Health 49(5):313-322 https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2016.49.5.313
  14. Kim JY (2015): Health-related quality of life according to breakfast in elderly. J Korea Acad Ind Coop Soc 16(7):4668-4678
  15. Kim KS (2017): Effects of the health status and health behavior on health-related quality of life of the elderly living alone and living with their families: using data from the 2014 Community Health Survey. J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs 28(1):78-87 https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2017.28.1.78
  16. Kim NH (2021): The effects of depression of the single seniors with chronic diseases on drinking: an analysis of the moderating effect of social relationship satisfaction. J Korea Contents Assoc 21(2):699-706
  17. Kim SH, Jung HS, Park JK, Shin JW, Park SH, Joo JS, Ahn JH, Son IS, Kim JW, Choe HK, An YH, Yi SR, Hong JW, Park JH, Cho JH, Kim RH, Park HM, Han SH (2022a): SDGs in the Republic of Korea: progress report 2022. Statistics Research Institute, Statistics Korea. Daejeon. pp.18-19
  18. Kim Y, Han MI, Park JI, Chung SK (2021): An investigation of factors affecting elderly depression in Korea. J Korean Geriatr Psychiatry 25(2):120-127 https://doi.org/10.47825/jkgp.2021.25.2.120
  19. Kim YH, Lee HW, Na EJ, Yang M, Kim JY, Kim SY (2022b): Influencing factors of depression and stress of the elderly in Seoul: analysis of 2018 community health survey data. J Korean Geriatr Psychiatry 26(1):28-38 https://doi.org/10.47825/jkgp.2022.26.1.28
  20. Kong HJ, Jun HJ, Joo S. (2020): The association between the number of chronic diseases and depressive symptoms among Korean elderly men and women: the moderating effect of marital satisfaction. J Korean Gerontol Soc 40(3):511-530 https://doi.org/10.31888/JKGS.2020.40.3.511
  21. Kwon KH (2015): Prevalence and risk factors of depressive symptoms by gender difference among the elderly aged 60 and over. J Korean Gerontol Soc 35(2):269-282
  22. Lee CI, Hong SC (2002): The prevalence and related factors of depressive symptoms among the elderly in rural areas of Jeju island. J Korean Geriatr Psychiatry 6(2):97-109
  23. Lee EJ (2017): Association between health-related characteristics of the middle-aged between men and women, and oral health-related characteristics on depressive symptoms (PHQ-9). Korean J Health Serv Manag 11(4):179-188 https://doi.org/10.12811/kshsm.2017.11.4.179
  24. Lee HS (2018a): Depression and related risk factors in the elderly with a focused on health habits, mental health, chronic diseases, and nutrient intake status: data from the 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Korean Diet Assoc 24(2):169-180
  25. Lee MS, Choi YK, Jung IK, Kwak DI (2000): Epidemiological study of geriatric depression in a Korea urban area. J Korean Geriatr Psychiatry 4(2):154-163
  26. Lee S, Kim Y, Seo S, Cho MS (2014): A study on dietary habits and food intakes in adults aged 50 or older according to depression status. J Nutr Health 47(1):67-76 https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2014.47.1.67
  27. Lee SH, Ju YJ (2016): Factors to depression of community dwelling elderly. Asia Pac J Multimed Serv Converg Art Humanit Sociol 6(3):159-168
  28. Lee SS, Go HN (2012): Prevalence of depression and its related factors among the elderly in rural area by gender. KARTS 5(2):1-9
  29. Lee SY (2014): Factors related to suicidal ideation and depression according to gender among Korean adults. J Korean Public Health Nurs 28(1):71-86 https://doi.org/10.5932/JKPHN.2014.28.1.71
  30. Lee YH (2011): Gender differences in depression according to the study of the elderly. Journal of Welness (KSW) 6(2):181-192
  31. Lee YH, Shin MH, Kweon SS, Choi SW, Ryu SY, Rhee JA, Choi JS (2008): Prevalence and correlates of depression among the elderly in an urban community. J Agric Med Community Health 33(3):303-315 https://doi.org/10.5393/JAMCH.2008.33.3.303
  32. Lee YJ (2018b): Gender differences in factors associated with the severity of depression in middle-aged adults: an analysis of 2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Korea Converg Soc 9(10):549-559
  33. Ministry of Health and Welfare (2020). 2020 Survey on the elderly results report. Available from: http://www.mohw.go.kr/react/jb/sjb030301vw.jsp?PAR_MENU_ID=03&MENU_ID=032901&CONT_SEQ=366496. Accessed June 1, 2022
  34. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2020). Guidelines for analysis of the raw data for the 7th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII). Available from: https://knhanes.kdca.go.kr/knhanes/sub03/sub03_06_02.do. Accessed February 1, 2021
  35. Ministry of Health and Welfare, The Korean Nutrition Society (2020): Dietary reference intakes for Koreans: application. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Sejong. pp.x-xix
  36. Mocchegiani E, Bertoni-Freddari C, Marcellini F, Malavolta M (2005): Brain, aging and neurodegeneration: role of zinc ion availability. Prog Neurobiol 75(6):367-390 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.04.005
  37. Oh HJ, Ryu SY (2015): Relationship between of body mass index (BMI) and depression in the females elderly with arthritis over 65 years old. J Korea Entertain Ind Assoc 9(1):175-184 https://doi.org/10.21184/jkeia.2015.03.9.1.175
  38. Park PS, Park KO, Jeong GB, Chun BY, Choi MW, Park MY (2009): A survey on stages of dietary behavior change and nutrient intake status of old people in islands areas according to depression degree. Korean J Hum Ecol 18(6):1349-1361 https://doi.org/10.5934/KJHE.2009.18.6.1349
  39. Rao TS, Asha MR, Ramesh BN, Rao KS (2008): Understanding nutrition, depression and mental illnesses. Indian J Psychiatry 50(2):77-82 https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.42391
  40. Sohn JN (2013): Factors influencing depressive symptoms in community dwelling older people. J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 22(2):107-116 https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2013.22.2.107
  41. Son JA, Suh SR, Kim MH (2015): Factors related to depression of rural elders. J Korean Gerontol Nurs 17(1):56-64 https://doi.org/10.17079/jkgn.2015.17.1.56
  42. Statistics Korea (2021). 2020 Life Tables. Available from: https://www.index.go.kr/unify/idx-info.do?idxCd=8016. Accessed April 1, 2021
  43. Werneck AO, Stubbs B, Szwarcwald CL, Silva DR (2020): Independent relationships between different domains of physical activity and depressive symptoms among 60,202 Brazilian adults. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 64:26-32 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.01.007
  44. Yim KS (2007): Health-related behavioral factors associated with nutritional risks in Korean aged 50 years and over. Korean J Community Nutr 12(5):592-605
  45. Zandi PP, Anthony JC, Khachaturian AS, Stone SV, Gustafson D, Tschanz JT, Norton MC, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Breitner JC (2004): Reduced risk of Alzheimer disease in users of antioxidant vitamin supplements: the Cache County Study. Arch Neurol 61(1):82-88 https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.61.1.82
  46. Zhang L, Liu K, Li H, Li D, Chen Z, Zhang LL, Guo LL (2016): Relationship between body mass index and depressive symptoms: the "fat and jolly" hypothesis for the middle-aged and elderly in China. BMC Public Health 16(1):1201 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3864-5