• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.10
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• pp.78-94
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• 2008

Contemporary fashion is experiencing a rise in design that combines heterogeneous things, or goes beyond the roles, boundaries, and meanings of existing things. This can be described as a 'heterogeneous fusion' that is different in character from the mixed use of heterogeneous materials, borrowed designs, and exaggeration of the silhouette that have been practices in fashion design, or the non-structure, deconstruction, and recombination that have existed since the age when post-structuralism was a central philosophy. This 'fusion' causes a 'confusion' of the generally accepted mental principle of 'one sense reacting to one stimulus', and breaks the boundary between the various senses, causing confusion in the senses of the individual, and leading him or her to experience unfamiliar feelings. In this process, all information received from external sources is not perceived as it is seen, but rather is perceived through a fusion of the individual's motivations, the environment in which it is perceived, the resulting change in emotion, and the individual's past memories. The combination of these heterogeneous elements visually accepted, or such a non-territorial combination acts as a 'fusion of senses' in the individual's perception, which causes confusion in the homeostasis of perception, and a change in emotion, and serves as a factor that causes the information to be stored in the memory for a long time. In parallel with deconstruction or non-structure, the 'heterogeneous fusion' found in modern fashion is taking root as a representative creative trend, and is represented in various forms such as the mixed use of subjects and materials, non-territorial borrowing, fusion with animal forms, fusion with non-physical geometry, and fusion with heterogeneous hair decoration.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.15
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• pp.151-164
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• 2009

The discussion on folk painting (minwha) has been continued till recent in various ways. MinWha is applied by painting artists and also utilized as a basic material of design. These are the attempts approved by the viewpoint of the 'Korean beauty'. In saying so, minwha symbolizes for typical types of Korean painting, and is articulated as an aspect of forgotten spirit. However, despite the fact of Minwha's frequent application, and its evident originality, it remains only the thread of the existence. Although minwha has a lot of commonalities and similarities with the characteristics of cartooning, a decisive attempt of cartooning is hardly shown through. Therefore, this paper is aim to classify creative paintings by the distinctive features of minwha, such as exaggeration and abridgment, sarcasm and current affair aspect, common technique of art drawing, caricatured element, expression of an ideal world, various techniques from artist's different comprehension, etcetera and to make opportunity to constructively apply these features in cartoons. The types of minwha are mostly classified by the contents of the painting. However, since the purpose of this thesis is to find caricatured aspects in minwha, it will be largely classified by the elements of animal, plant, human, insect species, finny tribe, feathered tribe, and nature phenomenon. This classification takes advantage of accessibility to understand the characterization of the object, and leads to take a positive approach.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

The purposes of this study are to review the Chinese traditional patterns and to apply one of them, the Peony Blossom pattern into modern textile designs for fashion For this purpose, first, the categories and symbolic meanings of the patterns existing in the Chinese traditional clothing from literature were reviewed. Second, the Peony Blossom patterns of Chinese traditional patterns from literature were reviewed and selected one of them, Third, authors applied the Peony Blossom pattern to creative textile design which would fit to appetite of people lived in modern society. The results were as follows: The patterns of Chinese traditional clothing could be classified as animal pattern, plant pattern, nature pattern, character pattern, lucky token pattern, geometric pattern and so on. All these patterns contained individual symbolic meaning, which varied according the different wearers. Moreover, it endows a peony blossom pattern of Chinese traditional patterns with modern style and purposes the textile design. The theme of the design is "Luxuriant Outing" with the concept of "Dream in Fantasy". The design target is the female born in the 1980's, that is, the target population between 20 and 30 years old. In addition, it is designed for the romantic one-piece. This paper perceives the national spirit revealed in the Chinese traditional patterns and designs with the combination of traditional culture and modernized technique of expression.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.17-17
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• 2003

The milk of transgenic animals may provide an attractive vehicle for large-scale production of hEPO. Since glycosylation is cell type specific, recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) produced in different host cells contain different patterns of oligosaccharides, which could affect the biological functions. However, there have been no reports on the characteristics of rhEPO derived from milk of transgenic animals. To address this objective, several transgenic mice by using pWAPhEPO and/or pBC1hEPO expression vector were produced. However, 2 lines of pWAPhEPO founder female mouse died during late gestational day (day 18) before offspring could be obtained. They showed a severe splenomegaly, Unlike those of pWAPhEPO, mammary gland epithelial cells from biopsies of lactating pBC1hEPO transgenic mice had marked immunoreactivity to EPO and any activity was not detected in other tissues. The expression level of rhEPO is about 0.7% of mammary gland cellular total soluble proteins and an amount of 300~500 mg/L rhEPO is secreted into milk. Furthermore, the pBC1hEPO transgenic mice transmitted this character to their progeny in mendelian manner. In order to determine the extent of glycosylation variation, N-linked oligosaccharide structures present in the milk-derived rhEPO were characterized. Most of milk-derived rhEPO is fully glycosylated. the biological activity of milk-derived rhEPO was comparable to that of purified CHO-derived rhEPO, and milk-derived rhEPO showed relatively stable after freezing and thawing. Taken together, the results illustrate the potential of transgenic animals in the large-scale production of biopharmaceuticals.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.22-30
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• 2017

CGI not only performed a crucial role to make cinema and animation evolved into digital cinema and digital animation but also CGI, an important visual format, settled realism-centric spectacle image culture in public commercial cinema and animation. The fact that CGI visual format could be structuralized in three different view points is discovered through Iconicity, photorealism, verisimilitude, uncanny valley, hyperrealism, and spectacular realism discourse research which explain image culture. First, a formative viewpoint that comes up in an iconic difference between drawing and photograph. Secondly, a cognitive viewpoint that sees visually perceived naturalness and abnormality as a realistic probability issue. Lastly, a customary viewpoint which is rooted in aesthetic tradition of cinema and animation. After that, the features of CGI which is used in the movie 'jungle book'(2016) were analyzed using the structured visual format. Consequently, this movie has hyper-realistic photographic iconicity on the base of realistic probability. Also, by following image-aesthetic convention which uses overstated and amplified narrative as a visual format, at the same time, the movie also has sufficient image-aesthetic convention in animation by personified animal character.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.195-202
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cariogenicity of vitamin supplements for children by the Caries Potentiality Index (CPI), pH drop capacity, proliferation rate of Streptococcus mutans. Four vitamin supplements were selected - Noma (NM), Cenovis Kids (CK), Animal Parade (AP), and Character Vitamin (CV). CPI value decreased in the order of AP, CV, CK, and NM. Initial values of all experimental groups showed acidity below pH 7.0. Analysis of the colony forming units of Streptococcus mutans showed that NM and CV resulted a higher proliferation rate (p < 0.05) than CK and AP (p < 0.05). Bacterial activity of the control group was lower than other groups when observed with a confocal laser scanning microscope. Considering the bacterial activity and acidity of vitamin supplements, it is necessary to pay close attention when children taken the vitamin supplements for their oral health.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.229-244
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• 2010

This study aims to discuss the type and characteristics of primitivism in the modern fashion of the $21^{st}$ century and, as a research method, the concept of primitivism as well as the transition of the patterns of primitivism expressed in modern art have been considered and reviewed through a variety of references. In particular, an empirical analysis of the works that have been created from 2000 to 2009 has been performed using domestic and overseas fashion and collection magazines. The characteristics of primitivism in modern fashion possess the following types of expression: First, Sensuality can be cited as one of the characteristics, either by using direct or indirect exposure of the human body, a silhouette which fits tightly to the body, or creating the effect of sensual beauty using animal fur or bird feathers. Second, Incantation: Masks symbolizing primitive incantation are used to cover the human face or primitive incantation is incorporated as a theme of hair accessories or fashion trinkets, etc. In addition, such decorations as tattoos and the body colorations of ancient tribes are reproduced in modern fashion by means of body painting, printing or other accessories, emphasizing the image of occult primitiveness. Third, Naturalness can be cited as one of the characteristics. Naturalness is emphasized in modern fashion not through artificial decorations and processing, but rather through different patterns of exposure by which natural purity can be felt or through the use of non-artificial materials which recalls primitive civilization. Forth, Playfulness is expressed in the form of graffiti or abstract letters and paintings, and the character of the play is often expressed by the use of grotesque images based on various distortions and exaggerations of the human body, the utilization of symbols of primitive incantation and body and/or facial painting. Fifth, Lastly 'folkishness is emphasized. Folk-like objects, facial decorations, exposure of the body and intense color contrasts typically represent the folkish characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the characters of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from food, animal feces, dry cattle food, and the environment in Seoul and Kyonggi province during the period from 1998 to 2003. Serotyping of 70 L. monocytogenes isolates was performed according to the manufacturer's instruction. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the microdilution method according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. All the isolates were tested against 20 antimicrobial agents. The serotypes of the 70 L. monocytogenes isolates were 1/2c (62.8%), 1/2a (20%) and 1/2b (17.2%). Of the 70 L. monocytogenes isolates, 67.1%, 57.1%, 11.4%, 5.7%, 2.8%, 1.4% and 1.4% were resistant to tetracycline (Te), minocycline (Mi), norfloxacin (Nor), ciprofloxacin (Cip), neomycin (N), chloramphenicol (C) and cephalothin (Cf), respectively. However, all isolates were 100% sensitive to antibiotics such as amikacin, ampicillin, erythromycin, gentamycin, imipenem, kanamycin, ofloxcin, streptomycin, penicillin, trimethoprim, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tobramycin, and vancomycin. Multiple resistance patterns of the isolates were observed in TeMiNor Cip (1.4%), TeMiNor (7.1%), TeMiCip (2.9%), TeMiN (1.4%) and TeMi (44.3%). The results of this study indicate that many L. monocytogenes isolates are resistant to antimicrobial agents including Te and Mi. The possibility that the isolates could increasingly acquire multiple antimicrobial resistant properties cannot be precluded.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.475-486
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• 2005

Fungal secondary metabolites constitute a wide variety of compounds which either playa vital role in agricultural, pharmaceutical and industrial contexts, or have devastating effects on agriculture, animal and human affairs by virtue of their toxigenicity. Owing to their beneficial and deleterious characteristics, these complex compounds and the genes responsible for their synthesis have been the subjects of extensive investigation by microbiologists and pharmacologists. A majority of the fungal secondary metabolic genes are classified as type I polyketide synthases (PKS) which are often clustered with other secondary metabolism related genes. In this review we discuss on the significance of our recent discovery of chalcone synthase (CHS) genes belonging to the type III PKS superfamily in an industrially important fungus, Aspergillus oryzae. CHS genes are known to playa vital role in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in plants. A comparative genome analyses revealed the unique character of A. oryzae with four CHS-like genes (csyA, csyB, csyC and csyD) amongst other Aspergilli (Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus fumigatus) which contained none of the CHS-like genes. Some other fungi such as Neurospora crassa, Fusarium graminearum, Magnaporthe grisea, Podospora anserina and Phanerochaete chrysosporium also contained putative type III PKSs, with a phylogenic distinction from bacteria and plants. The enzymatically active nature of these newly discovered homologues is expected owing to the conservation in the catalytic residues across the different species of plants and fungi, and also by the fact that a majority of these genes (csyA, csyB and csyD) were expressed in A. oryzae. While this finding brings filamentous fungi closer to plants and bacteria which until recently were the only ones considered to possess the type III PKSs, the presence of putative genes encoding other principal enzymes involved in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis (viz., phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamic acid hydroxylase and p-coumarate CoA ligase) in the A. oryzae genome undoubtedly prove the extent of its metabolic diversity. Since many of these genes have not been identified earlier, knowledge on their corresponding products or activities remain undeciphered. In future, it is anticipated that these enzymes may be reasonable targets for metabolic engineering in fungi to produce agriculturally and nutritionally important metabolites.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.63-73
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to be of use for more successful prediction of possible Prevailing aesthetic characteristics in the future, by reviewing how decadent features have actually been unfolded in fashion and make-up since the end of 20th century, as we are now in the new 21st century. The decadent traits of modern fashion and make-up since the late'90s could be listed as follows : first, the fashion has intentionally been designed to look disgusting, where realistic and imaginary images coexist, by using a half-man, half-machine image or vividly describing detestable animal skin, There have also been disgusting features in the make-up, which are so extremely weird that we can created by adding vinyl or pieces of textiles like Patch of the 17th century. Second, the satanic character of the fashion seems to be meant to keep in harmony with evil image such as Dracula, witch, skeleton or warrior of the evil, in order to charge the unnatural, inhuman and fin-de-siecle Phenomenon and find out what It really means for the inner world of men. And the demonic expressions of the make-up chiefly use white or black color or blue color of low saturation or low lightness, and part of facial features is exaggerated or shortchanged. Third, the decadent characteristics are expressed in the fashion by attaching sensational ornament to the human bode or using sexual exposure. So they give unnatural, unsound and extremely erotic impressions. The decadent features in the make-up are generated by excessively using a gay red color or sensational, exciting colors. Fourth, the exoticism of the fashion is largely affected by China's Chipaoh, Japan's Kimono or primitive motives from Africa, as there are increasing interests in Asia. And that of the make-up leans toward the East, as Kabuki make-up from Japan, Kyongkeuk make-up from China or the primitive features from Africa are employed.