• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.308-313
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• 2008

Objective: The serum S100 protein has been known to reflect the severity of neuronal damage. The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of the serum S100 protein by Elecsys S100 immunoassay in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and to establish reference value for this new method. Methods: Serum S100 protein value was measured at admission, day 3 and 7 after bleeding in 42 consecutive patients (SAH : 20, ICH : 22) and 74 healthy controls, prospectively. Admission Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, Hunt & Hess grade and Fisher grade for SAH, presence of intraventricular hemorrhage, ICH volume, and outcome at discharge were evaluated. Degrees of serum S100 elevation and their effect on outcomes were compared between two groups. Results: Median S100 levels in SAH and ICH groups were elevated at admission (0.092 versus $0.283{\mu}g/L$) and at day 3 (0.110 versus $0.099{\mu}g/L$) compared to healthy controls ($0.05{\mu}g/L;$ p<0001). At day 7, however, these levels were normalized in both groups. Time course of S100 level in SAH patient was relatively steady at least during the first 3 days, whereas in ICH patient it showed abrupt S100 surge on admission and then decreased rapidly during the next 7 days, suggesting severe brain damage at the time of bleeding. In ICH patient, S100 level on admission correlated well with GCS score (r=-0.859; p=0.0001) and ICH volume (r=0.663; p=0.001). A baseline S100 level more than $0.199{\mu}g/L$ predicted poor outcome with 92% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Logistic regression analyses showed Ln (S100) on admission as the only independent predictor of poor outcome (odd ratio 36.1; 95% CI, 1.98 to 656.3) Conclusion: Brain damage in ICH patient seems to develop immediately after bleeding, whereas in SAH patients it seems to be sustained for few days. Degree of brain damage is more severe in ICH compared to SAH group based on the S100 level. S100 level is considered an independent predictor of poor outcome in patient with spontaneous ICH, but not in SAH. Further study with large population is required to confirm this result.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2883-2887
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• 2015

Background: The calcium-binding S100A4 protein is involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition, oncogenic transformation, angiogenesis, cytoskeletal integrity, mobility and metastasis of cancer cells. This study aimed to clarify the roles of S100A4 in genesis and progression of glioma. Materials and Methods: S100A4 expression was examined by real-time RT-CPR and Western blot in glioma and paired normal brain tissue (n=69), and compared with clinicopathological parameters of tumors. In addition, glioma U251 cells transfected with an S100A4-expressing plasmid were examined for proliferation by MTT, apoptosis by Annexin V-FITC, and migration and invasion with Transwell chambers. Results: Increased S100A4 mRNA expression was found in gliomas, compared with paired non-tumor tissue (p<0.001). Gradual elevation of overexpression of S100A4 was observed with increasing glioma grade (p<0.001). Astrocytoma showed lower S100A4 mRNA expression than oligodendrogliomas, with glioblastomas having highest values (p<0.001). Similar results were obtained for S100A4 protein, a positive link being found between mRNA and protein expression in gliomas (p<0.001). There was higher growth, lower apoptosis, stronger migration and invasion of S100A4 transfectants than control and mock transfected cells (p<0.001). Conclusions: These findings indicate that up-regulated S100A4 expression is positively linked to pathogenesis, progression and histogenesis of glioma by modulating proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.208-209
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• 2019

IMO의 e-Navigation에서 CMDS로 S-100을 결정하였다. 그와 함께 S-100의 개발과 S-100을 기반으로 하는 많은 제품표준이 개발되고 있다. 현재 전자해도, 해저지형, 해수유동의 S-100 기반 제품표준이 개발이 완성단계이다. 본 연구에서는 이를 활용하여 S-100 기반으로 항해계획을 작성하였고, 시뮬레이션을 통해 항해계획에 따라 항해를 시험하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.312-313
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• 2016

S-100은 다양한 제품사양을 개발하기 위한 범용 지리정보 표준이다. 제품사양은 데이터 산출이나 서비스에 대한 기술적 설명으로 S-100을 기반으로 다양한 제품사양을 개발하는 것은 제품사양 간에 데이터 교환 및 호환성을 보장하여 체계적인 관리를 위함이다. S-100은 묘화절차도 표준 내에 정의하고 있다. 묘화절차는 다수의 묘화계층을 정의하고 최소 묘화 단위 개체마다 묘화계층을 지정하여 화면에 묘화하는 방식이다. 본 연구에서는 표준에서 정의하는 묘화절차를 준수하여 S-100 기반 복수 제품표준 뷰어를 개발하였다. 본 연구의 결과물은 S-100을 준수하는 S-100 기반 복수 제품표준 뷰어로써, S-101 전자해도를 기반으로 S-412 Weather 등의 정보를 묘화절차에 따라 복수 제품 간에 묘화 계층구조를 공유하여 조화롭게 묘화할 수 있도록 구현하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.117-120
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• 2017

IHO는 기존의 S-57 표준을 대체하고 수로정보 교환을 위한 공통 구조를 제공하기 위해 S-100 표준을 개발하고 S-100 표준화 체계 운영을 위한 S-100 표준 인프라를 개발 중이며, IHO 산하 실무그룹 및 프로젝트 그룹은 S-100 표준에 따라 S-10X 제품 표준개발을 수행하고 있다. S-100 표준에는 Portrayal process, Plug & Play, Interoperability 등의 신규 개념이 포함되어 있으므로, IHO는 이를 검증하기 위한 테스트 프레임워크 수립 하였다. 본 연구에서는 S-100 핵심 개념이 포함된 뷰어 기술을 현행 ECDIS 시스템에 적용하여 차세대 수로정보테스트 시스템을 개발한 결과를 소개하였다. 개발 결과물은 S-100 핵심 개념과 차세대 수로정보 시범 제작 결과를 검증하는데 사용하고, e-Navigation 사용자 시스템 개발로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.1289-1296
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• 2018

The e-Navigation promoted by the International Maritime Organization is a technology that provides marine-related information necessary for ship and shore side by electronic means for marine safety, security and protecting marine environment. The IHO S-100 standard is a geospatial standard that can express various hydrographic information. Various specifications including S-101 for electronic charts are being developed. In this paper, to help developers who are interested in implementing the technology of S-100, we not only analyze the process to portray the S-100 based data but also implement a case study on S-129 under keel clearance management. The portrayal process consists of data encoding and portrayal engine. Data encoding includes generation of application schema and data set. Portrayal engine is performed by the reform of the generated data set, the XSLT processing, and then the generation of drawing instructions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.507-509
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• 2012

IHO has established S-100 Standard profiled from ISO 19100 GIS standards for standardization and improvement of hydrographic data and are developing S-10X Standards. IMO is implementing the e-Navigation strategy for maritime safety and marine environment protection and has established the CMDS as information standard framework which will be developed from the S-100 standard. The development domain of e-Navigation can be divided into onboard, communication network, onshore and VTS is a core actor in onshore system. In this study, we analyzed the effects of S-100 standard development on VTS through e-Navigation strategy of IMO and suggested the cooperation between hydrographic fields and VTS fields under e-Navigation strategy.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.109-122
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• 2001

Gingival fibroblasts(GF) and periodontal ligament fibroblasts(PDLF) are the major cellular components of periodontal soft connective tissues, but the precise molecular biological differences between these cells are not yet known. In the present study, we investigated the expression of S100A4, S100A2 calcium-binding protein and osteoblast-specific factor 2(OSF-2, Periostin) mRNA in GF and PDLF in vitro through the process of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Northern blot analysis in each. Human GF and PDLF were isolated from the gingival connective tissue and the middle third of freshly extracted healthy third molars. They were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium(DMEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum and cells in the third passage were used in the experiments. After extracting total RNA from cultured cells, RT-PCR and Northern analysis were performed using S100A4-, S100A2- and Periostin-specific oligonucleotide primers and subcloned cDNA probes in each. In PT-PCR and Northern analysis, the expression of S100A4 and Periostin mRNA in GF was slightly detectable. Interestingly, the expression of S100A4 and periostin mRNA in PDLF was much higher than that in GF. On the other hand, S100A2 mPNA was highly expressed in both GF and PDLF. Since there was a marked difference of S100A4 and Periostin expression between GF and PDLF in vitro, these data suggest that S100A4 and periostin could be used as a useful marker for distinguishing cultured gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.178-179
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• 2011

해양 분야에서는 최근 e-navigation 실현을 위한 차세대 표준에 관한 연구가 진행 중이다. IHO(국제수로기구)를 중심으로 전자해도뿐만 아니라 해양의 지리 정보 및 관련 데이터의 교환, 공유, 활용을 위해 S-100기반 다양한 표준이 가능하다. IHO S-100 표준은 ISO 19100 시리즈 표준의 프로파일로, 응용 분야와 서비스에 따른 S-10x 표준의 기반이 된다. 프로파일링을 통해 S-101, S-102, S-10x 등 다양한 표준 프로파일이 만들어지면 각 표준에서 정의하는 데이터 모델의 요소를 일관성 있고 명확하게 해석하는 것이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 S-10x 표준의 기반이 되는 S-100 표준을 일관된 의미 해석과 처리를 할 수 있도록 S-100 표준의 온톨로지로의 변환 방안을 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.299-301
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• 2016

국제수로기구(IHO)는 수로데이터의 상호 운용성 확보 및 활용 증진을 위해 ISO 19100 지리공간 정보 표준을 수로분야로 확장하여 S-100(범용수로데이터모델) 표준을 개발하여 현재 2.0 버전에 이르고 있으며, S-101 차세대 전자해도 표준을 포함하여 전자서지 및 동적 수로정보 등의 다양한 표준을 개발 중이다. 한편, 국제해사기구는 e-Navigation 전략 추진을 위해 전략이행계획(SIP)를 개발하고, e-Nav 정보표준인 CMDS를 S-100 표준을 기반으로 개발하기로 결정 하였으며, 국제항로표지협회는 AtoN, IVEF, AIS-ASM, 측위 인프라에 관한 S-20X 표준개발을 진행하고 있다. 우리나라의 해양조사 및 수로도서지 간행을 담당하고 있는 국립해양조사원은 S-100 표준 기술을 확보하고 국가 수로국으로의 역할 수행을 위해 S-100 수로데이터를 구축할 계획으로 있다. 본 연구에서는 S-100/S-10X 표준개발 현황 및 우리나라의 차세대 전자해도 개발 계획을 검토하고, 해사안전, e-Navigation 및 VTS 분야 관점에서 시사점을 정리 하였다.