• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.395-401
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• 2016

Endochondral bone formation is the process by which mesenchymal cells condense into chondrocytes, which are ultimately responsible for new bone formation. The processes of chondrogenic differentiation and hypertrophy are critical for bone formation and are therefore highly regulated. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of aloe-emodin on chondrogenic differentiation in clonal mouse chondrogenic ATDC5 cells. Aloe-emodin treatment stimulated the accumulation of cartilage nodules in a dose-dependent manner. ATDC5 cells were treated with aloe-emodin and stained with alcian blue. Compared with the control cells, the ATDC5 cells showed more intense alcian blue staining. This finding suggested that aloe-emodin induced the synthesis of matrix proteoglycans and increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase. Aloe-emodin also enhanced the expressions of chondrogenic marker genes such as collagen II, collagen X, BSP and RunX2 in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, examination of the MAPK signaling pathway showed that aloe-emodin increased the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but had no effect on p38 and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Aloe-emodin also enhanced the protein expression of BMP-2 in a time-dependent manner. Thus, these results showed that aloe-emodin exhibited chodromodulating effects via the BMP-2 or ERK signaling pathway. Aloe-emodin may have potential future applications for the treatment of growth disorders.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.753-759
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• 2001

Aloe vera 껍질로부터 구내염등 항염증제재를 개발하기 위해 항염증 활성이 있는 분획을 분리, 동정하고, 염증과 관련된 효소활성에 대한 저해효과를 조사하였다. Aloe vera 껍질의 추출물을 용매에 따라 분획하였고, 활성이 우수한 ethylacetate층을 silica gel column chromatography 및 preparative thin layer chromatography를 통해 두 가지 활성물질을 정제하였다. 정제된 두 가지 물질은 UV spectrum과 FT-IR, $^1H-NMR$, 및 Mass spectrum 분석을 통해 aloe-emodin과 barbaloin으로 동정하였다. Aloe vera 분획물의 hyaluronidase 활성저해를 측정한 결과는 aloe-emodin은 $40\;{\mu}g/mL$, barbaloin은 $70\;{\mu}g/mL$의 $IC_{50}$값을 나타내었다. Leucko-cyte elastase 활성 저해를 측정한 결과는 aloe-emodin은 $50\;{\mu}g/mL$, barbaolin은 $60\;{\mu}g/mL$의 $IC_{50}$값을 나타내었다. Collagenase 활성 저해를 측정한 결과는 aloe-emodin은 $40\;{\mu}g/mL$, barbaloin은 $60\;{\mu}g/mL$의 $IC_{50}$값을 나타내었다. 또한 prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 활성 저해를 측정한 결과는 aloe-emodin은 $40\;{\mu}g/mL$, barbaloin은 $70\;{\mu}g/mL$의 $IC_{50}$값을 나타내었다. 쥐를 이용한 carrageenan족 부종 억제효과는 aloe-emodin의 경우 100mg/kg 투여량으로 52.9%의 억제효과를 나타내었으며, 이 억제효과는 indomethacin의 약 1/10이었으며, aspirin과는 유사한 활성을 보였다. 반면 barbaloin의 경우 100mg/kg의 투여량으로 74.9%의 억제효과를 나타내었으며 이 억제효과는 indomethacin의 약 1/5이었으며, aspirin의 약 1.5배 효과를 나타내어 우수한 항염증 활성을 갖는 것으로 판단된다. 인체치은세포에 대한 독성은 aloe-emodin보다 barbaloin이 적게 나타났으며 이 두 가지 물질은 1 및 $5\;{\mu}g/mL$농도에서는 독성이 전혀 나타나지 않으나 10 및 $20\;{\mu}g/mL$에서는 독성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 상용되고 있는chlorhexidin에 비해서는 유의적으로 독성이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 보아 aloe-emodin 과 barbaloin은 항우식 및 항염증 활성이 우수할 뿐만 아니라 치은세포의 독성이 비교적 낮아 구강병 예방제재로의 개발 가능성이 우수하다고 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2000

To separate anticaries and antiinflammation from Aloe vera peel, we investigated a inhibited effect of Streptococcus mutans JC-2 that was antibiosis, glucosyltransferase activity about aloe-emodin and barbaloin. Aloe-emodin and barbaloin had strong antibiosis activity against Streptococcus mutans JC-2, they were especially antibiosis effect to low growth and prolong lag phase at attachment concentration 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. The reduction rate of a culture fluid became to lessen than the comparison group for aloe-emodin and barbaloin. The intracellular materials of Streptococcus mutans JC-2 were to leakage as much as attachment concentration addition of aloe-emodin and barbaloin but there was no significant difference membrane demage between two active substances. The activity of GTase was inhibited by aloe-emodin and barbaloin and their inhibition rate was respectively 99.8%, 98.4% at the attachment concentration 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.273-282
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• 2020

알로에 베라(Aloe barbadensis Miller)는 예로부터 화상이나 상처, 습진 등의 다양한 피부 질환을 개선하기 위해 사용해 왔다. 이러한 효능은 알로에가 가지고 있는 비타민, 무기질, 당, 페놀 물질, 지방산. 아미노산 등의 다양한 성분에 의한 것으로 보고가 되었다. 알로에는 극한의 환경에서 스스로를 보호하기 위해서 성분을 변화시키며, 이로 인해 색깔이 녹색에서 적색으로 변화한다. Aloe-emodin은 알로에속 식물의 대표적인 페놀성 물질로 항산화 및 항염 활성을 나타낸다. 그러나 지금까지 알로에의 활성 물질인 알로에-에모딘을 증가시키고 알로에의 색상을 변화시키는 공정 개발에 대한 연구는 보고되지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 aloe-emodin 함량을 증가시키고 알로에의 항산화 및 항염 활성을 증대시키는 핑크 알로에 제조공정을 개발하는 것이다. 이를 위해 알로에를 적정 조건으로 가온한 결과 핑크 알로에는 일반 알로에 대비 aloe-emodin 함량이 증가하였으며, 항산화 활성 증대, NO 생성 억제, 세포 재생 촉진 등의 효과를 나타내었다. 본 연구를 통해 화장품 분야에서 핑크 알로에의 신규 항노화 소재로 활용성을 확인하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

Aloe products are one of the top selling health-functional foods in Korea, however the adequate level of intake to achieve desirable effects are not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine the intestinal uptake and metabolism of physiologically active aloe components using in vitro intestinal absorption model. The Caco-2 cell monolayer and the everted gut sac were incubated with $5-50{\mu}M$ of aloin, aloe-emodin, and aloesin. The basolateral appearance of test compounds and their glucuronosyl or sulfated forms were quantified using HPLC. The % absorption of aloin, aloe-emodin, and aloesin was ranged from 5.51% to 6.60%, 6.60% to 11.32%, and 7.61% to 13.64%, respectively. Up to 18.15%, 18.18%, and 38.86% of aloin, aloe-emodin, and aloesin, respectively, was absorbed as glucuronidated or sulfated form. These results suggest that a significant amount is transformed during absorption. The absorption rate of test compounds except aloesin was similar in two models; more aloesin was absorbed in the everted gut sac than in the Caco-2 monolayer. These results provide information to establish adequate intake level of aloe supplements to maintain effective plasma level.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4499-4505
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• 2014

Glioblastoma, the most aggressive and malignant form of glioma, appears to be resistant to various chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, approaches have been intensively investigated to targeti specific molecular pathways involved in glioblastoma development and progression. Aloe emodin is believed to modulate the expression of several genes in cancer cells. We aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of Aloe emodin on gene expression profiles in the human U87 glioblastoma cell line utilizing microarray technology. The gene expression analysis revealed that a total of 8,226 gene alterations out of 28,869 genes were detected after treatment with $58.6{\mu}g/ml$ for 24 hours. Out of this total, 34 genes demonstrated statistically significant change (p<0.05) ranging from 1.07 to 1.87 fold. The results revealed that 22 genes were up-regulated and 12 genes were down-regulated in response to Aloe emodin treatment. These genes were then grouped into several clusters based on their biological functions, revealing induction of expression of genes involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death) and tissue remodelling in U87 cells (p<0.01). Several genes with significant changes of the expression level e.g. SHARPIN, BCAP31, FIS1, RAC1 and TGM2 from the apoptotic cluster were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). These results could serve as guidance for further studies in order to discover molecular targets for the cancer therapy based on Aloe emodin treatment.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.312-318
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• 2017

Aloe-emodin (AE) is the major bioactive component in aloe and known to exhibit anti-inflammatory activities. However, it has not been elucidated whether its anti-inflammatory potency can contribute to the elimination of obesity. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of AE on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with AE ($0-20{\mu}M$) for one hour, followed by LPS treatment for 30 min and then, adipokine mRNA expression levels were measured. Next, TLR4-related molecules were measured in LPS-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. AE significantly decreased the mRNA expression of the tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, AE suppressed TLR4 mRNA expression. Further study showed that AE could suppress the nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) and phosphorylation of extracellular receptor-activated kinase (pERK). The results of this study suggest that AE directly inhibits $TLR4/NF-{\kappa}B/ERK$ signaling pathways and decreases the inflammatory response in adipocytes.

• 생약학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.244-247
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• 1995

Two compounds were newly isolated from the leaf exudates of Aloe capensis and identified as 10-C-rhamnosyl aloe-emodin anthrone and aloenin B, on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidences.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 1995

In the course of evaluation of hepatoprotective components against alcohol-induced toxicity from Aloe spp., the methanol extract was found to cause a significant inhibition of rat liver cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Systematic fractionation of active tractions monitored by bioassay led to isolation of four compounds; aloe-emodin, aloenin, ethylidene-aloenin and ${\beta}-sitosterol$, which were estimated as active principles for inhibition of c-ADH and c-ALDH activities in vitro.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2004

Rhei rhizoma was processed into Jucho Daewhang according to the method of chinese pharmacopoeia. The contents of Sennoside A, B, Aloe-emodin, Chrysophanol, Emodin, and Rhein were analyzed by HPLC.