• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.1075-1080
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• 2019

This paper presents a study on thermal neutron reflection properties of neutron guide for cylinder, spindle, elliptic and parabolic geometries using $^{241}Am-Be$ neutron source (5.2 Ci) and $BF_3$ detector, whereas neutron guide is important instrument for transportation of neutrons. To this goal, the required inner and outer radii of neutron guide have been calculated to achieve the highest guided thermal neutron flux based on MCNPX Monte Carlo code. The maximum flux of cylinder geometry with a length 50 cm has been obtained at an inner radius 9 cm and an outer radius 21 cm. Also, the maximum value of thermal neutron albedo is $0.46{\pm}0.001$ at 12 cm thickness of parabolic guide.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.573-580
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• 2008

This study aims to measure and to analyze the characteristics of thermal environment of the various permeable pavement materials such as a break stone pavement (Green block cubic), soil protection pavement (Soil tector), soil cement pavement and ceramic brick pavement under the summer outdoor environment. The thermal environment characteristics measured in the study includes the changes of surface temperature during the day, and long and short wave radiation of each pavement surface. The experimental condition is based on the data on the hottest temperature (August 9, 2006, $37.1^{\circ}C$) of the year. The albedo was the highest on the break stone pavement(0.8) from 12:00 to 14:00. The albedo of the ceramic brick pavement, a soil tector pavement and soil cement pavement were 0.35, 0.29 and 0.27 from 12:00 to 14:00, respectively. The peak surface temperature and long wave radiation was the highest on the soil protection pavements($56.6^{\circ}C$/627 W/$m^2$). The peak surface temperatures and long wave radiation on the ceramic brick pavement, a stone brick pavement and soil cement pavement were $51.7^{\circ}C$/627 W/$m^2$, $48.8^{\circ}C$/607 W/$m^2$ and $45.9^{\circ}C$/582 W/$m^2$, respectively. The heat environment was better on the break stone pavement than on the other pavements. This is mainly due to the high albedo of the break stone pavement(0.8) while the albedo value of a ceramic brick pavement, a soil tactor pavement and soil cement pavement were 0.35. 0.29 and 0.27. Large heat capacity($2,629kJ/m^3{\cdot}K$) of the stone brick pavements also contributes to this difference. The heat environment was better on the soil cement pavement than the soil tector pavement. This is mainly due to the evaporation of the soil cement pavement while the active evaporation of the soil tactor pavement was not continued after two days from the rainfall event. To improve the thermal environments in the urban area, it is recommended to raise the albedo of the pavements by brightening the surface color of the pavement materials. Further studies on the pavement materials and the construction methods which can enhance the continuous evapotranspiration from the pavements surface are needed.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.90-104
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 위성영상을 이용해 시공간 증발산량을 모의할 수 있는 증발산량 산정 모형을 구축하고, 플럭스 타워 실측 증발산량과 비교를 통해 적용성을 평가하는데 있다. 증발산량 산정 모형은 SEBAL(Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land)을 구축하였으며, 모형 내 일부 알고리즘을 수정하여 적용하였다. SEBAL 모형의 위성 입력 자료로는 2개년(2012-2013)의 MODIS Normal Distribution Vegetation Index(NDVI), Albedo, Land Surface Temperature(LST) 영상을 500m의 공간해상도로 구축하였으며, 유역주변 기상청 기상관측소(5개 지점)의 풍속, 풍속측정높이, 일사량 자료를 내삽(Interpolation)하여 활용하였다. 모형의 적용성 평가를 위하여 금강유역의 용담댐을 대상으로 공간 증발산량을 산정하여 유역 내에 위치한 덕유산 플럭스 타워의 산림 증발산량과 비교분석하였다. 모형 매개변수 중 Albedo와 NDVI, 지표 거칠기(Surface roughness) 순으로 민감한 것으로 분석되었으며, 모형의 보정을 위해 최종적으로 Albedo와 NDVI는 월별 평균값을 적용하였다. 모의 기간 동안의 결정계수($R^2$)는 0.45이었다. SEBAL 모형은 특히 지형적 특성을 반영하므로 유역내에서 고지대에 비해 저지대에서 증발산량이 높게 산정되는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2007

Vertical distribution and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols above the Korean peninsula are quite important to estimate effects of aerosol on atmospheric environment and regional radiative forcing. For the first time in Korea, vertical microphysical properties of atmospheric aerosol obtained by inversion algorithm were analyzed based on optical data of multi-wavelength Raman lidar system developed by the Advanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center (ADEMRC), Gwangju Institute Science and Technology (GIST). Data collected on 14 June 2004 at Gwangju ($35.10^{\circ}N,\;126.53^{\circ}E$) and 27 May 2005 at Anmyeon island ($36.32^{\circ}N,\;126.19^{\circ}E$) were used as raw optical data for inversion algorithm. Siberian forest fire smoke and local originated haze were observed above and within the height of PBL, respectively on 14 June 2004 according to NOAA/Hysplit backstrajectory analysis. The inversion of lidar optical data resulted in particle effective radii around $0.31{\sim}0.33{\mu}m$, single scattering albedo between $0.964{\sim}0.977$ at 532 nm in PBL and effective radii of $0.27{\mu}m$ and single scattering albedo between $0.923{\sim}0.924$ above PBL. In the case on 27 May 2005, biomass burning from east China was a main source of aerosol plume. The inversion results of the data on 27 May 2005 were found to be particle effective radii between $0.23{\sim}0.24{\mu}m$, single scattering albedo around $0.924{\sim}0.929$ at 532 nm. Additionally, the inversion values were well matched with those of Sun/sky radiometer in measurement period.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2006

This study aims to measure and to analyze the thermal environment characteristics of the various permeable pavement materials such as grass pavement (GREEN BLOCK PARK), stone and grass pavement (GREEN BLOCK STEP), stone pavement (GREEN BLOCK MOSAIC) and wood pavement (WOOD BLOCK) under the summer outdoor environment. The thermal environment characteristics measured in the study includes the changes of surface temperature during the day, changes of the temperature on each pavement layer, and long and short wave radiation of each pavement surface. The experimental condition is based on the data on the hottest temperature (August 5, 2005, $34.0^{\circ}C$) of the you. Some of main findings are: 1) The heat environment was worse on the wood pavements than on the stone pavement. This is mainly due to the low albedo of the wood pavements (0.37) while the albedo value of stone pavements is 0.41. Small heat capacity of the wood pavements also contributes to this difference. 2) The heat environment was worse on the stone pavements than on the turf pavements. This was mainly due to the evapotranspiration of the plant growth layer of the turf pavements. 3) The peak surface temperature was the highest on the wood pavements ($56.1^{\circ}C$). The peak surface temperatures on the stone pavements, the stone-grass pavements and the grass pavements were $43.1^{\circ}C,\;40.1^{\circ}C\;and\;37.9^{\circ}C$, respectively. 4) To improve the thermal environments in the urban area, it is recommended to raise the albedo of the pavements by brightening the surface color of the pavement materials. Further studies on the pavement materials and the construction methods which can enhance the continuous evapotranspiration from the pavements surface are needed.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2017

Radiation energy budget was analyzed using observation data from the Weather Information Service Engine (WISE) energy flux tower on the Seoul metropolitan area. Among observation data from the 13 energy flux towers, we used meteorological variables, radiation data (upward and downward short wave, upward and downward long wave, net short wave, net long wave and net radiation), albedo and emissivity for 15 months from July 2016 to September 2017. Although Gajwa (205) and Ttuksumm (216) sites located in urban, the albedo was relatively high due to the surround environment by glass wall buildings and the Han river around the sites. And Bucheon (209) site located in the suburb represented generally low emissivity. As a result, the albedo decreased and the emissivity increased in the city center. In the Seoul metropolitan area, the net radiation energy is $73.9W/m^2$ that the radiation budget of the surface is absorbed into the atmosphere. According to WISE observation data, it can be seen that observation at each sites are influenced by the surrounding environment.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
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• pp.298-301
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• 2007

Vertical distribution and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols above the Korean peninsula are quite important to estimate effects of aerosol on atmospheric environment and regional radiative forcing. For the first time in Korea, vertical microphysical properties of atmospheric aerosol obtained by inversion algorithm were analyzed based on optical data of multi-wavelength Raman lidar system developed by the Advanced Environmental Monitoring Research Center (ADEMRC), Gwangju Institute Science and Technology (GIST). Data collected on 14 June 2004 at Gwangju ($35.10^{\circ}N$, $126.53^{\circ}E$) and 27 May 2005 at Anmyeon island ($36.32^{\circ}N$, $126.19^{\circ}E$) were used as raw optical data for inversion algorithm. Siberian forest fire smoke and local originated haze were observed above and within the height of PBL, respectively on 14 June 2004 according to NOAA/Hysplit backstrajectory analysis. The inversion of lidar optical data resulted in particle effective radii around 0.32 ${\mu}m$, single scattering albedo between 0.97 at 532 nm in PBL and effective radii of 0.27 ${\mu}m$ and single scattering albedo of 0.92 above PBL. In the case on 27 May 2005, biomass burning from east China was a main source of aerosol plume. The inversion results of the data on 27 May 2005 were found to be particle effective radii between 0.24 ${\mu}m$, single scattering albedo around 0.91 at 532 nm. Additionally, the inversion values were well matched with those of Sun/sky radiometer in measurement period.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.952-964
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 2차원 정사각형 밀폐공간내에 열복사를 흡수, 방사 및 비등방 산란하는 매질이 존재할 때 자연대류와 복사의 상호작용을 선형 비등방 산란을 가정 하고 복사열전달의 계산시 P-N 근사법을 이용하여 해석하였다. 수치계산을 통하여 Planck 수, 산란알베도, 광학두께, 벽방사율 및 비등방 산란이 유동 및 온도 특성 그리고 열전달에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2001

대기복사모델인 MODTRAN을 이용해 다목적실용위성 2호 탑재체인 Multispectral Camera (MSC)의 총복사량에 대한 계산을 수행하고 그 결과를 분석해 보았다. 모델 계산에서 4계절 조건을 모의실험하기 위해 1월 15일, 7월 15일 계산에 대해 중위도 동절기 및 하절기 모델대기를, 4월 15일, 10월 15일에 대해 US 표준대기를 각각 사용했다. 다목적실용위성 2호 궤도 조건과 각 계절에 대한 대표적인 태양천정각 (solar zenith angle)이 고려되었다. 시정거리는 대류권 에어로솔 소광계수 (tropospheric aerosol extinction)에 해당하는 50km가, 지표의 알베도는 맑은 날 지구 연평균 값에 해당하는 0.135가 가정되었다. MSC 계약서 값은 위 일반적 조건을 가정하고 얻은 모델 계산 총복사량보다 MSC 관측 파장대역 대부분에서 상당히 크다는 것을 알게 되었다. 또한 균일한 지표 알베도를 가정하고 얻은 모델 결과의 분광파장 특징이 MSC 계약서 값의 경향과 다름을 보였다. 이들 결과로부터 향후 획득될 MSC영상은 비교적 어두운 영상이 될 것으로 추론된다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제37권6_1호
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• pp.1767-1772
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• 2021

장기간에 걸친 전 지구적인 위성관측 지표면 알베도 자료는 전 지구 기후 및 환경의 변화 감시에 활발히 이용되고 있으며 그 활용도와 중요성이 크다. 우리나라의 경우 정지궤도위성 천리안위성 1호(Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite, COMS) MI(Meteorological Imager) 센서와 천리안위성 2A호(GEO-KOMPSAT-2A, GK-2A) AMI (Advanced Meteorological Imager) 센서의 세대교체를 통해 지속적인 지표면 알베도 산출물의 확보가 가능하다. 그러나 COMS/MI 및 GK-2A/AMI의 지표면 알베도 산출물은 센서 및 알고리즘의 차이로 인해 산출물 간의 차이가 존재한다. 따라서 COMS/MI와 GK-2A/AMI 지표면 알베도 산출 기간을 확장하고 지속적인 기후변화 감시 연계성 확보를 위해 두 위성 산출물 간의 오차 분석이 선행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 COMS/MI 및 GK-2A/AMI 지표면 알베도 자료의 중복기간을 대상으로 지상관측자료 AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network)와 타 위성자료 GLASS (Global Land Surface Satellite)와 함께 비교 분석하였다. 오차 분석 결과 AERONET과의 검증에서 COMS/MI의 평균 제곱근 오차(Root Mean Square Error, RMSE)가 0.043로 GK-2A/AMI의 RMSE인 0.015보다 높게 나타났다. 또한 GLASS와 비교하였을 때 COMS/MI의 RMSE는 0.029로 GK-2A/AMI의 0.038보다 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 오차특성을 이해하고 COMS/MI 및 GK-2A/AMI의 지표면 알베도 자료를 사용할 때 장기간 기후변화 감시에 적극적으로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.