Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies (한국지리정보학회지)

The Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies (한국지리정보학회)
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Estimation of Spatial Evapotranspiration Using Terra MODIS Satellite Image and SEBAL Model - A Case of Yongdam Dam Watershed -

Terra MODIS 위성영상과 SEBAL 모형을 이용한 공간증발산량 산정 연구 - 용담댐 유역을 대상으로 -

  • Lee, Yong-Gwan (Dept. of Civil & Environmental System Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Kim, Sang-Ho (Dept. of Civil & Environmental System Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Ahn, So-Ra (Dept. of Civil & Environmental System Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Choi, Min-Ha (Dept. of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Lim, Kwang-Suop (Water Resources Research Center, K-water Institute, Korea Water Resources Corporation) ;
  • Kim, Seong-Joon (Dept. of Civil & Environmental System Engineering, Konkuk University)
  • 이용관 (건국대학교 사회환경시스템공학과) ;
  • 김상호 (건국대학교 사회환경시스템공학과) ;
  • 안소라 (건국대학교 사회환경시스템공학과) ;
  • 최민하 (성균관대학교 수자원학과) ;
  • 임광섭 (한국수자원공사 K-water 연구원 수자원연구소) ;
  • 김성준 (건국대학교 사회환경시스템공학과)
  • Received : 2014.11.27
  • Accepted : 2015.01.26
  • Published : 2015.03.31
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Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to build a spatio-temporal evapotranspiration(ET) estimation model using Terra MODIS satellite image and by calibrating with the flux tower ET data from watershed. The fundamentals of spatial ET model, Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land(SEBAL) was adopted and modified to estimate the daily ET of Yongdam Dam watershed in South Korea. The daily Normalized Distribution Vegetation Index(NDVI), Albedo, and Land Surface Temperature(LST) from MODIS and the ground measured wind speed and solar radiation data were prepared for 2 years(2012-2013). The SEBAL was calibrated with the forest ET measured by Deokyusan flux tower in the study watershed. Among the model parameters, the important parameters were surface albedo, NDVI and surface roughness in order for momentum transport during calculation of sensible heat flux. As a result of the final calibration, the monthly averaged albedo and NDVI were used because the daily values showed big deviation with unrealistic change. The determination coefficient($R^2$) between SEBAL and flux data was 0.45. The spatial ET reflected the geographical characteristics showing the ET of lowland areas was higher than the highland ET.

본 연구의 목적은 위성영상을 이용해 시공간 증발산량을 모의할 수 있는 증발산량 산정 모형을 구축하고, 플럭스 타워 실측 증발산량과 비교를 통해 적용성을 평가하는데 있다. 증발산량 산정 모형은 SEBAL(Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land)을 구축하였으며, 모형 내 일부 알고리즘을 수정하여 적용하였다. SEBAL 모형의 위성 입력 자료로는 2개년(2012-2013)의 MODIS Normal Distribution Vegetation Index(NDVI), Albedo, Land Surface Temperature(LST) 영상을 500m의 공간해상도로 구축하였으며, 유역주변 기상청 기상관측소(5개 지점)의 풍속, 풍속측정높이, 일사량 자료를 내삽(Interpolation)하여 활용하였다. 모형의 적용성 평가를 위하여 금강유역의 용담댐을 대상으로 공간 증발산량을 산정하여 유역 내에 위치한 덕유산 플럭스 타워의 산림 증발산량과 비교분석하였다. 모형 매개변수 중 Albedo와 NDVI, 지표 거칠기(Surface roughness) 순으로 민감한 것으로 분석되었으며, 모형의 보정을 위해 최종적으로 Albedo와 NDVI는 월별 평균값을 적용하였다. 모의 기간 동안의 결정계수($R^2$)는 0.45이었다. SEBAL 모형은 특히 지형적 특성을 반영하므로 유역내에서 고지대에 비해 저지대에서 증발산량이 높게 산정되는 경향을 보였다.

Keywords

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