• 에너지공학
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2018

The cement industry is one of the rapidly growing industry in Ethiopia. The average per capita cement consumption of the country has increased from 39kg to 62kg. However, this is still way below than the global average per capita consumption of 500kg. The Ethiopian government is planning to expand its cement industry by upgrading the current cement plants and also opening of new cement plants in order to meet the future demand of the country. Currently, the number of cement plants in Ethiopia has reached to 20. By the year 2025, per capita cement consumption is expected to increase to 179kg. Recently, Ethiopia has become one of Africa's largest market for the cement industry. In addition, Ethiopia has become the major exporter of cement in the Sub-Saharan African region. The Ethiopian cement industry is highly dependent on the use of imported energy sources for its production. This situation has a significant amount of impact on the high production costs of the industry. This paper will try to review the history, production, available resources, the technologies and energy use of the Ethiopian cement industry.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.367-380
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• 2018

Stems and pods of hyacinth bean cultivated in a farmer's field in Gazipur District, Bangladesh, were found rotted in nearly 5% hyacinth bean plants. A fungus having fluffy mycelium and large sclerotia was isolated from affected tissues. Combined results of morphological, molecular and pathological analyses identified the fungus as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary. Inoculating the fungus on healthy hyacinth bean plants and pods reproduced the symptoms previously observed in the field. The three isolates obtained from naturally infected plants were cross inoculated in hyacinth bean, okra and African-American marigold and they were pathogenic to these hosts. The optimum temperature and pH for its growth were $20^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0, respectively. Sclerotial development was favored at pH 5.0. Sucrose and mannitol were the best carbon sources to support hyphal growth, while glucose was the most favourable for sclerotial development. The hyacinth bean genotypes, HB-82 (Rupban Sheem) and HB-102 were found highly resistant, while HB-94 (Ashina) was moderate resistant to the fungus. Finally, S. sclerotiorum was sensitive to Bavistin, Dithane M-45 and Rovral fungicides and Ca in the form of $CaCl_2$. This observation could possibly aid in eliminating field loss in hyacinth bean caused by an emerging pathogenic fungus S. sclerotiorum.

• Plant Resources
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.275-280
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• 2005

Tissue culture systems to optimize regeneration plant species of Ocimum spp were evaluated as a method to micropropagate individual plants and to better study their biology in vitro. Ocimum species were also evaluated for the production of natural plant products during and following the regeneration process. The primary goal of this project was to enhance the regeneration efficiency of basil. Several factors were examined using different Ocimum species and commercial varieties. The effect of cytokinin combination, activated charcoal, gelling agents, and different carbon sources were investigated. Anthocyanin callus spots were produced only in four varieties among six tested. 'Sweet Dani' showed the best results on anthocyanin accumulation, while 'African beauty', 'Tree basil' and 'Methylcinnamate' produced only a few spots. Shoot regeneration was only achieved from 'Sweet Dani' explants. As the activated charcoal concentration increased, callus formation rate decreased respectively compare to the controls for all varieties. There was a decrease in callus growth with increasing concentration of agar and phytagel.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1990

서울시내 아파트 40가구를 대상으로 1986년과 1989년에 실내조경식물을 조사한 결과, 다음과 같다1. 1986년에 비해서 1989년에는 전제실내식물의 종류는 46%, 식물의 수는 68%가 증가되었으며, 가장 많이 재배되는 종류는 '86년에는 동양란 아프리칸 바이올렛, Scindapsus, 선인장, 군자란 '89년에는 동양란, 선인장, Chlorophytum, 군자란, Dracena순이었다. 2. 원예학적 분류방법에 의한 식물의 종류는 '86년, '89년 모두 관엽식물이 가장 많았다. 3. 초장에 따른 식물의 크기는 '86년에는 15~30cm가 제일 많았고, '89년에는 31~80cm가 가장 많았다. 4. 식재용기의 종류는 '86년과 '89년 모두 플라스틱이 가장 많았으며, 자기 분의 경우 '86년에 비해서 '89년에는 매우 증가되었다. 5.식물의 배치형태는 '86년과 '89년에 조사한 모든 아파트에서 마루에 그대로 놓아둔 floor group이 있었으며, 그 비율도 가장 높았고 선반의 경우 '86년에 비해서 '89년에는 매우 많이 이용되었다. 6. Terrarium의 경우 '86년에는 Fittonia와 선인장이 가장 많이 이용되는 소재였으나, '89년에는 Adianrum과 Maranta가 많이 이용되었다. 7. 식물이 가장 많이 배치되는 장소는 '86년, '89년 모두 베란다로 조사한 모두 가구에서 이용하고 있었다. 8.'86년에는 가구당 평균 16개를 보유하고 있었으나 '89년에는 평균 27개를 보유하고 있었다. 9.식물의 생육형태는 대체로 양호한 편이었으며, 실내조경식물의 재배관리에 대한 관심이 증가 하고있었다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2007

본 연구는 한약재로 널리 시용되는 원지 (Polygala tenuifolia), 구기자(Lycium chinensis), 산수유(Cornus officinalis) 추출물을 아프리카발톱개구리(Xenopus laevis)의 초기 배시기에 1, 10, $100{\mu}g/ml$의 농도로 처리하여 96시간 $24^{\circ}C{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$에서 배양하였을 때 배 발생 중 나타나는 전반적인 기관 이상을 조사하였으며 특히 시각계의 발생이상에 초점을 맞추었다. 각 식물 추출물의 농도가 증가할수록 성장이 저해되고 시각계의 발생이상, 체축의 뒤틀림, 수종, 소화관의 꼬임이상, 체색이상 등의 기형의 발생률이 증가하였다. 시각계 이상이 가장 뚜렷이 나타난 군은 $100{\mu}g/ml$ 농도로 구기자 추출물을 처리한 것이었으며 각 실험군의 150개체 중 27% 정도가 시각계 발생이상을 나타내었다. 조직학적 연구에서는 뇌의 뇌실은 비정상적으로 확대되었고 눈에서는 유리체방의 형성부전이 나타났으며 망막세포층의 구분이 뚜렷하지 않았다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2021

Aspilia africana (Pers) C.D.Adams, a plant used for centuries in many African countries to treat diseases such as osteoporosis, malaria, tuberculosis, and diabetes, is of great pharmaceutical interest, yet there is limited scientific literature on its germination and growth. This research paper describes the effects of different commercial soils on the germination, growth, and chlorophyll content of A. africana. The germination parameters assessed included final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), and germination index (GI). Shoot length, leaf number, and fresh and dry weights were some of the parameters used to assess A. africana growth. The FGP was low and did not vary significantly; the MGT was 7 ~ 10 days; and the GI was significantly higher in PPS soil at 4.61 ± 0.332 days. Aspilia africana plants in HS:PPS soil showed the best overall growth, producing the highest mean leaf number (18.00 ± 1.129), longest mean shoot length (202.43 ± 13.451 mm), and highest mean fresh and dry weights (7.08 ± 1.061 g and 0.629 ± 0.112 g, respectively). The highest chlorophyll content in leaves of A. africana under HS:PPS conditions suggested a higher photosynthetic potential of plants in this soil. The best growth performance of A. africana in the HS:PPS soil could be attributed to a higher amount of certain mineral nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus in the HS:PPS soil compared to the other soil categories. It is unclear why the FGP of A. africana was low and we recommend an exclusive study to investigate this further.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2016

In most African urban areas, Particulate Matters (PM) concentration exceeds by far the WHO limits. In these areas, plants can play a key role in removing particles. In this study, we evaluated three ornamental species (Jatropha interrigima, Ficus benjamina, Barleria prionitis) used in Abidjan (Ivory Coast). Leaf-encapsulated saturation isothermal remnant magnetisation (SIRM) were measured and the relationship between PM captured and leaf wettability were done. The sampling were performed at roadsides and Parks. Firstly, Leaf-encapsulated and total leaf SIRM were quantified and the wettability was determined by drop contact angles (DCA). Secondly, the relationship between leaf SIRM and wettability was found. Results showed that leaf SIRM was two to ten times higher at roadsides than in Parks. Total leaf SIRM was also higher on mature leaves in Main roads suggesting a particle accumulation in leaves over time especially in waxy species (Ficus benjamina). This species encapsulated other than 20% of total leaf SIRM. All tested species were highly-wettable ($40^{\circ}$ < DCA < $90^{\circ}$). Thus, Jatropha interrigima with its leaf trichomes and F. benjamina with its leaf waxes were more wettable. A significantly positive correlation was found between wettability intensity and leaf SIRM.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.18-21
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• 2014

전남 여수시 삼산면 초도에서 우리나라의 미기록 귀화식물 은빛까마중 (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.)을 발견하여 보고한다. 이 종의 원산지는 미국남서부와 인접한 멕시코북부이다. 이 식물은 까마중에 근연이지만 식물체 전체가 회백색 성상모로 뒤덮여있고, 길쭉한 잎의 모양, 열매와 꽃의 크기 및 색깔로 쉽게 구분된다. 이종은 현재 유럽 및 지중해지방국가들, 아프리카, 남미, 아시아 및 호주 등의 아열대 및 온대지방에 널리 퍼져있는 잡초로 분류된다. 따라서 우리나라에서도 앞으로 이 종이 확산되는 것에 대한 대책마련이 필요하다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.459-465
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• 2009

MUG1 is a MULE transposon-related domesticated gene in plants. We assessed the sequence diversity, neutrality, expression, and phylogenetics of the MUG1 gene among Oryza ssp. We found MUG1 expression in all tissues analyzed, with different levels in O. sativa. There were 408 variation sites in the 3886 bp of MUG1 locus. The nucleotide diversity of the MUG1 was higher than functionally known genes in rice. The nucleotide diversity (${\pi}$) in the domains was lower than the average nucleotide diversity in whole coding region. The ${\pi}$ values in nonsynonymous sites were lower than those of synonymous sites. Tajima D and Fu and Li $D^*$ values were mostly negative values, suggesting purifying selection in MUG1 sequences of Oryza ssp. Genome-specific variation and phylogenetic analyses show a general grouping of MUG1 sequences congruent with Oryza ssp. biogeography; however, our MUG1 phylogenetic results, in combination with separate B and D genome studies, might suggest an early divergence of the Oryza ssp. by continental drift of Gondwanaland. O. long-istaminata MUG1 divergence from other AA diploids suggests that it might not be a direct ancestor of the African rice species.

• Mycobiology
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.335-339
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• 2019

Endophytic fungi have the ability to live inside the host plant tissues without causing neither symptoms of diseases/or harm. Opportunistic infections are accountable for majority of the outbreaks, thereby putting a burden on the health system. To investigate and characterize the bioactive compounds for the control of bacteria of clinical importance, extracts from endophytic fungi were isolated from indigenous South African medicinal plants. Extracts from endophytic fungi were isolated from 133 fungal strains and screened against Gram positive and negative bacteria namely Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, and E. gallinarum using disk diffusion. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to identify the bioactive compounds. Sixteen out of one hundred and thirty-three (12%) fungi extracts exhibited antibacterial properties against some of the selected bacteria. E. coli was found to be the most susceptible in contrast to E. faecium and E. gallinarum which were the most resistant. The isolate MHE 68, identified as Alternaria sp. displayed the greater spectrum of antibacterial activities by controlling selected clinical bacteria strains including resistant E. faecium and E. gallinarum. The chemical analysis of the extract from MHE 68 indicated that linoleic acid (9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)) and cyclodecasiloxane could be accountable for the antibacterial activity. This is the first study conducted on the secondary metabolites produced by endophytic fungal strains isolated from the Pelargonium sidoides DC. possessing antibacterial properties.