• 아시안잔디학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.37-41
• /
• 1987

Effect of Rolling factor on the growth and thatch accumulation in tall fescue was studied from the viewpoint of estimate the rolling factor to obtain the highest values of growth characters and analysis of thatch accumulation. Rolling factors were 1.82, 3.33, 4.29 and 4.85, respectively. The results are may he summarized as follows ; 1. Rolling factor was affected to obstructive on the growth of tall fescue. Thus, the rolling factor ( RF) had significant negative correlated with the dry weight of plant ( DW ), leaf weight (LW), stem weight (SW), dry weight of thatch (Th), number of tillers (NT) and C / F ratio. 2. Rolling factor of 1.82 was an adequate rolling factor for the growth. 3. The dry weight of thatch(Th) had significant positive correlated with DW, LW, and NT, but negative correlated with the dry weight of thatch per a tiller ( th / NT). 4. Thatch accumulation system can be shown in following diagram. yield compnents - DW ~ Th - Rf (LW, SW, NT, C/F) th/NT 5. The dry weight of thatch per a tiller(th / NT) was a concerning factor for the losses of thatch.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.307-314
• /
• 2013

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a potent pro-fibrotic factor, which is implicated in fibrosis through extracellular matrix (ECM) induction in diabetic cardiovascular complications. It is an important downstream mediator in the fibrotic action of transforming growth factor ${\beta}$ ($TGF{\beta}$) and is potentially induced by hyperglycemia in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Therefore, the goal of this study is to identify the signaling pathways of CTGF effects on ECM accumulation and cell proliferation in VSMCs under hyperglycemia. We found that high glucose stimulated the levels of CTGF mRNA and protein and followed by VSMC proliferation and ECM components accumulation such as collagen type 1, collagen type 3 and fibronectin. By depleting endogenous CTGF we showed that CTGF is indispensable for the cell proliferation and ECM components accumulation in high glucose-stimulated VSMCs. In addition, pretreatment with the MEK1/2 specific inhibitors, PD98059 or U0126 potently inhibited the CTGF production and ECM components accumulation in high glucose-stimulated VSMCs. Furthermore, knockdown with ERK1/2 MAPK siRNA resulted in significantly down regulated of CTGF production, ECM components accumulation and cell proliferation in high glucose-stimulated VSMCs. Finally, ERK1/2 signaling regulated Egr-1 protein expression and treatment with recombinant CTGF reversed the Egr-1 expression in high glucose-induced VSMCs. It is conceivable that ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating CTGF expression and suggests that blockade of CTGF through ERK1/2 MAPK signaling may be beneficial for therapeutic target of diabetic cardiovascular complication such as atherosclerosis.

• 대한한의진단학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 2011

Objectives: In comparison with functional dyspepsia, food accumulation is known to have wider concept. On this study, we will make a proposal on the concept of food accumulation by a statistical comparison between pyungweesan questionnaire and health related questionnaires. Methods: We studied the similarities between six factors of pyungweesan questionnaire and four health related questionnaires(Rome II criteria of functional dyspepsia, subjective symptoms of fatigue test, beck depression inventory, state-trait anxiety inventory, etc.) using multidimensional scaling. Results and Conclusions: 1. Physical-emotional axis and acute-chronic axis were labelled in a two-dimensional scaling solution. 2. Seup-dam(濕痰) factor and sik-che(食滯) factor of food accumulation were closely related to fatigue. 3. Bi-seup(脾濕) factor of food accumulation was closely related to depression and anxiety. 4. The findings suggest that a concept of food accumulation reflects some aspects of physical fatigue and emotional depression as well as dyspepsia.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.193-201
• /
• 2018

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a novel fibrotic mediator, which is considered to mediate fibrosis through extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in diabetic cardiovascular complications. Statins have significant immunomodulatory effects and reduce vascular injury. We therefore examined whether fluvastatin has anti-fibrotic effects in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and elucidated its putative transduction signals. We show that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) stimulated CTGF mRNA and protein expression in a time-dependent manner. AGE-induced CTGF expression was mediated via ERK1/2, JNK, and Egr-1 pathways, but not p38; consequently, cell proliferation and migration and ECM accumulation were regulated by CTGF signaling pathway. AGE-stimulated VSMC proliferation, migration, and ECM accumulation were blocked by fluvastatin. However, the inhibitory effect of fluvastatin was restored by administration of CTGF recombinant protein. AGE-induced VSMC proliferation was dependent on cell cycle arrest, thereby increasing G1/G0 phase. Fluvastatin repressed cell cycle regulatory genes cyclin D1 and Cdk4 and augmented cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27 and p21 in AGE-induced VSMCs. Taken together, fluvastatin suppressed AGE-induced VSMC proliferation, migration, and ECM accumulation by targeting CTGF signaling mechanism. These findings might be evidence for CTGF as a potential therapeutic target in diabetic vasculature complication.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.513-521
• /
• 2000

Background : TNF may play an important role(central mediator) in the development of an acute respiratory distress syndrome. Since TNF induced lung injury in the acute respiratory distress syndrome and abnormalities in surfactant function have been described in acute respiratory distress syndrome, the authors investigated the effects of TNF on the regulation of surfactant protein A, B and C mRNA accumulation. Methods : The effects of TNF on gene expression of surfactant protein A, B, and C were analyzed using filter hybridization, 12 and 24 hours after intravenous injection of TNF in rats. Results : 1. The accumulation of SP-A mRNA in the TNF treated group (12 and 24 hours after TNF injection) was significantly decreased by 22.9% and 27.4%, respectively, compared to the control group (P<.025, P<.025). 2. The accumulation of SP-B mRNA in 24 hours after TNF treated group was significantly decreased by 20.5% compared to that of the control group(P<.01). 3. The accumulation of SP-C mRNA in 12 hours after TNF treated group was significantly decreased by 31% the compared to that of the control group(P<.01). Conclusions : These findings indicate the marked inhibitory effects of tumor necrosis factor on surfactant proteins expression in vivo. This finding. in turn, supports the idea of inhibitory effects of tumor necrosis factor on surfactant proteins expression as it relates to pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

• 기술혁신연구
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.1-26
• /
• 2007

This study's purpose is to promote the development of CT industry by analizing the causal relationship between technology factor and commercialization of Tech. in CT SMEs and Ventures. The result is that Only technology experience accumulation among technical factors(technology develpoment cost, technology experience accumulation, technology concentration, technical expertise) has a significant effect on commercialization success or failure and non-technical factors have not a significant effect on.

• 한국유통학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국유통학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 발표논문집
• /
• pp.57-70
• /
• 2006

본 연구는 내실 있는 기업 유치를 증대시키기 위한 입지마케팅 정책을 수립하는데 적절한 함의를 제공할 목적으로 시도되었다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 충북지역의 기업체를 대상으로 기업의 입지환경수준을 기초자치단체의 지원정책, 광역자치단체의 지원정책, 중앙정부의 지원정책 등의 '지원정책요인', 동종 혹은 관련 산업의 집적, 풍부한 판매시장, 개방적 혁신적인 산업분위기, 대학, 연구소 등의 다양한 혁신기관의 집적 등의 '집적요인', 양호한 정보 통신망, 공항, 철도, 고속도로 등의 광역교통망과의 근접성, 저렴한 지가 혹은 임대료 등의 '입지기반요인' 등 세 가지로 구분하여 분석하였다. 이러한 기업의 입지환경수준을 세 가지 요인으로 구분하여 기업규모에 미치는 영향은 어떻게 존재하는 지에 대하여 실증적인 분석을 했다. 기업성장을 촉진시킬 수 있는 입지환경의 역할이 중요한 현실 하에서 입지환경수준과 기업규모의 관계를 분석하는 것은 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 연구결과는 기업에게 가장 적합한 입지마케팅 정책을 수립하고 방향을 설정하는데 도움을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.501-508
• /
• 2011

Previous studies suggest that polyunsaturated fatty acids with long carbon chains such as eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) have several health benefits. However metabolic consequences of these fatty acids themselves and their regulation of transcriptional activity involving glucose utilization are not well established. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate how EPA influx affects cellular lipid accumulation and gene expressions involving $de$ $novo$ lipogenesis in hepatocyte cultures. Compared to oleic acid treatment, EPA treatment showed remarkably decreased cellular TG conversion and accumulation, along with phospholipids at a lower extent. As expected, EPA increased mRNA expression involving fatty acid influx and lipid droplet formation, but did not affect mRNA expression involving glucose utilization. EPA increased transcriptional activity of PPAR-${\alpha}$ and glucose responsive transcription factor when transcription factor binding protein was activated. Taken together, these data suggest that EPA decreases lipid accumulation through increases of the ${\beta}$-oxidation pathway without interruption of glucose utilization.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 1991

The production of poly-$\beta$-hydroxybutyrate(PHB) from methanol by batch and fed-batch cultivations of Methylobacterium sp. GL-10 was studied. PHB accumulation was stimulated by the nutrients deficiency including, NH4+, SO42-, and K+. The nitrogen deficiency was the most critical factor for PHB accumulation. In batch cultivation, the maximum cell concentration and PHB content were 1.86g/l and 0.62g/l, respectively, with 1.0%(v/v) of methanol and 0.5g/1 of ammonium sulfate. The mass doubling time of Methylobacterum sp. GL-10 was in the range of 4-5 hrs. The cell growth and PHB accumulation were severely inhibited at the methanol concentration over than 2% (v/v). To overcome methanol Inhibition, constant feeding and intermittent feedillg fed-batch cultivations were adopted, using C/N molar ratio as a control factor. In constant feeding fed-batch process, cell concentration was increased up to 2.67g/1, and PHB yield was enhanced from 0.33 of batch culture to 0.53. The relatively low cell concentration was caused by methanol accumulated in culture broth at late growth phase. To prevent methanol accumulation and to maximize PHB production, DO-state intermittent fed-batch cultivation was attempted. The cell and PHB concentration was reached up to 4.55g/1 and 1.80g/1, respectively. It was possible to maintain methanol concentration low and also to feed nutrient of desired C/N molar ratio.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.193-201
• /
• 2022

Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a key phenomenon in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced cell death. However, the role of ROS in necroptosis remains mostly elusive. In this study, we show that TNF-α induces the mitochondrial accumulation of superoxide anions, not H₂O₂, in cancer cells undergoing necroptosis. TNF-α-induced mitochondrial superoxide anions production is strictly RIP3 expression-dependent. Unexpectedly, TNF-α stimulates NADPH oxidase (NOX), not mitochondrial energy metabolism, to activate superoxide production in the RIP3-positive cancer cells. In parallel, mitochondrial superoxide-metabolizing enzymes, such as manganese-superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and peroxiredoxin III, are not involved in the superoxide accumulation. Mitochondrial-targeted superoxide scavengers and a NOX inhibitor eliminate the accumulated superoxide without affecting TNF-α-induced necroptosis. Therefore, our study provides the first evidence that mitochondrial superoxide accumulation is a consequence of necroptosis.