• Korean Membrane Journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

The impedance and the subsequent proton conductivity of Nafion$\^$/ membranes as standard samples were measured and compared via the two-probe method and the four-probe method using the prepared impedance measurement system. The different impedance behavior for the same membrane was observed at the fully hydrated state in the Nyquist impedance plot. The effect of the humidity and the temperature on the proton conduction through a membrane was investigated and compared with two different cell configurations.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.217-221
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• 2005

In the present investigation, holographic interferometry was utilized for the first time to monitor in situ the thickness of the oxide film of aluminium samples during anodization processes in boric acid solutions. The anodization process (oxidation) of the aluminium samples was carried out by the technique of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), in different concentrations of boric acid (0.5-5.0% $H_3BO_3$) at room temperature. In the mean time, the real-time holographic interferometry was used to measure the thickness of anodized (oxide) film of the aluminium samples in solutions. Consequently, holographic interferometry is found very useful for surface finish industries especially for monitoring the early stage of anodization processes of metals, in which the thickness of the anodized film of the aluminium samples can be determined without any physical contact. In addition, measurements of electrochemical values such as the alternating current (A.C) impedance(Z), the double layer capacitance($C_{dl}$), and the polarization resistance(Rp) of anodized films of aluminium samples in boric acid solutions were made by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). Attempts to measure electrochemical values of Z, Cdl, and Rp were not possible by holographic interferometry in boric acid especially in low concentrations of the acid. This is because of the high rate of evolutions of interferometric fringes during the anodization process of the aluminium samples in boric acid, which made measurements of Z, Cdl, and Rp are difficult.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.211-218
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• 2000

The effects of alloying elements, Cr, Mo, and N on repassivation characteristics of stainless steels were investigated by using the abrading electrode technique and a.c impedance spectroscopy. The role of alloying elements on the stability of passive film and their repassivation characteristics were examined using alloy steels such as Fe-Cr, Fe-Cr-Mo, 304, 304LN, 316, and 316LN. The electrochemical characteristics of the passive film were investigated by in-situ d.c. and a.c. electrochemical methods. Localized corrosion resistance is believed to have much to do with the stability and repassivation characteristics of the passive film. The effects of alloying elements on the current transients and repassivation kinetics were systematically examined by using the abrading electrode technique and a.c. impedance spectroscopy. The experimental results were analyzed in order to elucidate the relationship between passive film stability, repassivation characteristics, and alloying elements.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2016

Nd-doped $BiFeO_3$ materials were synthesized via a sol-gel method. The crystal structure, magnetic properties, and complex impedance spectroscopy of multiferroic $Bi_{1-x}Nd_xFeO_3$ (BNFO) materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and complex impedance spectroscopy. Our results show that the lattice crystal constants (a, c) and the ratio c/a of BNFO materials decreased with increasing Nd concentration. All samples exhibited weak ferromagnetism at room temperature, and the magnetization of samples was enhanced by the presence of $Nd^{3+}$ ions. There was an enhancement in the spontaneous magnetization of BFO with increasing Nd concentration, which is attributable to the collapse of the spin cycloid structure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.277-279
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• 1996

A.C. and D.C. characteristic of TiO$_2$ added SnO$_2$ are investigated to study the electrical properties. The electrical inductivity increases as TiO$_2$content increase. The doer effect of TiO$_2$ is crucial role for the increase of electrical conductivity. The frequency-dependent ac inductivity increases with the increase of TiO$_2$ contents at low frequency region. However, at high frequency region, the difference of ac conductivity is very small. Impedance spectrums are consist of the one semicircle. Therefore, the sizes of semicircle decreases with increasing the TiO$_2$ contents.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.413-421
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• 2017

In this work, we studied a fluorite structure oxides: Yttria stabilized zirconia, (YSZ); Gd doped $CeO_2$ (GDC); erbia stabilized $Bi_2O_3$ (ESB); Zr doped erbia stabilized $Bi_2O_3$ (ZESB); Ca doped erbia stabilized $Bi_2O_3$ (CESB) in the temperature range of 250 to $600^{\circ}C$ using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). As is well known, grain boundary blocking effect was observed in YSZ and GDC. However, there is no grain boundary effect on ESB, ZESB, and CESB. The Nyquist plots of these materials exhibit a single arc at low temperature. This means that there is no space charge effect on ${\delta}-Bi_2O_3$. In addition, impedance data were analyzed by using the brick layer model. We indirectly demonstrate that grain boundary ionic conductivity is similar to or even higher than bulk ionic conductivity on cubic bismuth oxide.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.139-143
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• 2005

For application of carbon nano-tube (CNT) as a counter electrode materials of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), the electrochemical behavior of CNT electrode was studied, employing cyclic-voltammetry (C-V) and impedance spectroscopy. Fabrication of CNT-paste and formation of CNT-counter electrode for characteristic measurement have been carried out using ball-milling and doctor blade process, respectively. Unit cell for measurements was assembled using Pt electrode, CNT electrode, and iodine-embedded electrolyte. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used for structural investigation of CNT powder and electrode. Sheet resistance of electrode was measured with 4-point probe method. Electrochemical properties of electrode, C-V and impedance spectrum, were studied, employing potentiogalvanostat (EG&G 273A) and lock in amplifier (EG&G 5210). As a results, the sheet resistance of CNT electrode is almost similar to that of F-doped SnO2 (FTO) coated glass substrate as approximately 10 ohm/sq. From C-V and impedance spectroscopy measurements, it was found that CNT electrode has high reaction rate and low interface reaction resistance between CNT surface and electrolyte. These results provides that CNT electrode were superior to that of conventional Pt electrode. Particularly, the reaction rate in the CNT electrode is about thrice high than Pt electrode. Therefore. CNT electrode is to be good candidate material for counter electrode in DSSC.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.949-955
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the effects of Cr dopant (1.0 at% $Cr_2O_3$ sintered at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 1 h in air) on the bulk trap (i.e. defect) and interface state levels of ZnO using dielectric functions ($Z^*$, $M^*$, $Y^*$, $\varepsilon^*$, and $tan{\delta}$), admittance spectroscopy (AS), and impedance-modulus spectroscopy (IS & MS). For the identification of the bulk trap levels, we examine the zero-biased admittance spectroscopy and dielectric functions as a function of frequency and temperature. Impedance and electric modulus spectroscopy is a powerful technique to characterize grain boundaries of electronic ceramic materials as well. As a result, three kinds of bulk defect trap levels were found below the conduction band edge of ZnO in 1.0 at% Cr-doped ZnO (Cr-ZnO) as 0.11 eV, 0.21 eV, and 0.31 eV. The overlapped defect levels ($Zn^{..}_i$ and $V^{\cdot}_0$) in admittance spectra were successfully separated by the combination of dielectric function such as $M^*$, $\varepsilon^*$, and $tan{\delta}$. In Cr-ZnO, the interfacial state level was about 1.17 eV by IS and MS. Also we measured the resistance ($R_{gb}$) and capacitance ($C_{gb}$) of grain boundaries with temperature using impedance-modulus spectroscopy. It have discussed about the stability and homogeneity of grain boundaries using distribution parameter ($\alpha$) simulated with the Z"-logf plots with temperature.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.224-234
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• 1999

An attempt was made to characterize the relationship between pretreatment processes, electrolysis conditions and behaviors of the plated gold layer. In order to investigate the effect of pretreatment processes on plating, rest potential measurements of various pretreated stainless steels and a.c.-impedance spectroscopy tests were carried out in the strike plating solution. Characteristics of plated gold layers and adhesions between plated gold layers and stainless steel substrates were examined by scratching tests and micro-Vickers hardness tests. The result shows that the strike plating enhanced the adhesion of interface, the cathodic electro-activation pretreatment process improving both corrosion resistance and adhesion strength. The preferred orientations of plated gold layers were examined by the X-ray diffraction technique. As the current density increases, [111] preferred orientation of plated gold layers was found to become well developed.

• International Journal of Korean Welding Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.29-39
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• 2003

The durability and reliability of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) play an important role in the service reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) of hot­section components in advanced turbine engines for aero and utility applications. Photostimulated luminescence spectroscopy (PSLS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are being concurrently developed as complimentary non­destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques for quality control and life­remain assessment of TBCs. This paper overviews the governing principles and applications of the luminescence and the impedance examined in the light of residual stress, phase constituents and resistance (or capacitance) in TBC constituents including the thermally grown oxide (TGO) scale. Results from NDE by PSLS and EIS are discussed and related to the microstructural development during high temperature thermal cycling, examined by using a variety of microscopic techniques including focused ion beam (FIB) in­situ lift­out (INLO), transmission and scanning transmission electron microscopy (TEM and STEM).