• 미생물학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.94-102
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• 1987

Rat liver LDH A-cDNA has been isolated from a .lambda.gt11-rat lover cDNA library and partially characterized. The size of the isolated rat liver LDH A-cDNA if shown to be 1.6Kb and restriction enzyme sites for the rat liver LDH A-cDNA are also mapped. 682-nucleotide sequence coding for 3'-end of rat liver LDH A-cDNA has been analyzed and compared to the nucleotide sequence of the same region of rat $C_6$-glioma cell LDH A-cDNA which has been cloned from the hormonally stimulated cell cultures. The result shows that 177 nucleotide sequences coding for the C-terminal 59-amino acids are identical but 505 nucleotide sequences of 3'-nontranslated region of the two LSH A-cDNA exhibit characteristic differences in thier nucleotide sequences. Computer analysis for the folding structures for 3'-end 400 nucleotide sequences of the two LDH A-cDNA shows a possibility implying that the two LDH A-mRNAs isolated from different tissues of rats may have different half life and therefore their translational efficiency may be different. It has been previously demonstrated that isoproterenol stimulated rat $C_6$ -glioma cell cultures produce LDH A-mRNA showing 2 to 3-fold longer half life in comparison to that of noninduced LHD A-mRNA. The result therefore support for the idea that hormonally stimulated rat $C_6$-glioma cells may produce LDH A-mRNA containing different nucleotide sequences at the 3'-end nontranslated region by which the hormonally induced LDH A-mRNA could have more stable secondary mRAN structure in comparison to that of noninduced LDH A-mRNA.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2018

Objective : Sometimes a vertebral artery (VA) enters the spinal canal via the C1-2 intervertebral space, a variation regarded as a C2 segmental-type VA. This paper describes the anatomy of the C2 segmental-type VA and reviews its clinical importance. Methods : Between March 2014 and November 2015, 3386 patients underwent computed tomographic angiography. I identified C2 segmental-type VAs, associated vascular variation, the origin of ipsilateral posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICAs), and the clinical symptoms associated with C2 segmental-type VAs. The origin of an ipsilateral PICA is divided into 5 types. A type 1 PICA originates from ipsilateral VAs coursing suboccipitally (IVASO), a type 2 originates from ipsilateral proximal C2 segmental-type VAs, a type 3 originates from ipsilateral distal C2 segmental-type VAs. For type 4, the PICA does not originate from an ipsilateral VA. For type 5, the PICA is the terminal end of an ipsilateral C2 segmental-type VA. Results : One hundred thirteen patients had 121 C2 segmental-type VAs; 47 were associated with an IVASO, and 74 were not. Four type 1, 13 type 2, 60 type 3, 42 type 4, and two type 5 PICAs were identified. Only one patient showed symptoms associated with a C2 segmental-type VA, being a 71-year-old man presenting with a C2 segmental-type VA infarction. Conclusion : For C2 segmental-type VAs, the ipsilateral IVASO and origin of the PICA are important for predicting the outcome of this type of VA infarction.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.113-113
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• 2009

This paper describes the characteristics of a poly 3C-SiC micro heater which was fabricated on $AlN(0.1{\mu}m)/3C-SiC(1.0{\mu}m)$ suspended membranes by surface micro- machining technology. The 3C-SiC and AlN thin films which have wide energy bandgap and very low lattice mismatch were used sensors for high temperature and voltage environments. The 3C-SiC thin film was used as micro heaters and temperature sensor materials simultaneously. The implemented 3C-SiC RTD (resistance of temperature detector) and the power consumption of micro heaters were measured and calculated. The TCR (thermal coefficient of the resistance) of 3C-SiC RTD is about -5200 $ppm/^{\circ}C$ within a temperature range from $25^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$ and -1040 $ppm/^{\circ}C$ at $500^{\circ}C$. The micro heater generates the heat about $500^{\circ}C$ at 10.3 mW. Moreover, durability of 3C-SiC micro heaters in high voltages is better than pt micro heaters. A thermal distribution measured and simulated by IR thermovision and COMSOL is uniform on the membrane surface.

• 센서학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.311-315
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• 2009

This paper describes the characteristics of a poly 3C-SiC micro heater which was fabricated on AlN(0.1 $\mu$m)/3C-SiC(1.0 $\mu$m) suspended membranes by surface micro-machining technology. The 3C-SiC and AlN thin films which have wide energy band gap and very low lattice mismatch were used sensors for high temperature and voltage environments. The 3C-SiC thin film was used as micro heaters and temperature sensor materials simultaneously. The implemented 3CSiC RTD(resistance of temperature detector) and the power consumption of micro heaters were measured and calculated. The TCR(thermal coefficient of the resistance) of 3C-SiC RTD is about -5200 ppm/$^{\circ}C$ within a temperature range from 25 $^{\circ}C$ to 50 $^{\circ}C$ and -1040 ppm/$^{\circ}C$ at 500 $^{\circ}C$. The micro heater generates the heat about 500 $^{\circ}C$ at 10.3 mW. Moreover, durability of 3C-SiC micro heaters in high voltages is better than Pt micro heaters. A thermal distribution measured and simulated by IR thermovision and COMSOL is uniform on the membrane surface.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.913-921
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• 2021

Objective : Accurate measurement of T1 slope (a component of T1s minus cervical lordosis [CL]) is often constrained by anatomical limitations. In this situation, efforts should be made to find the exact meaning of T1s-CL and whether there are any alternatives to it. Methods : We enrolled 117 patients who received two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Occipital slope, C2 slope (C2s), C7 slope (C7s), T1, O-C2 angle (O-C2A), C2-7 angle (C2-7A), O-C7 angle (O-C7A), T1s-CL, C7-T1 angle (C7-T1A), and C2-7 sagittal vertical axis were measured. We determined 16° (T1s-CL) as the reference point for dividing subjects into the mismatch group and the balance group, and a comparative analysis was performed. Results : The mean value of C7-T1A was constantly maintained within 2.6° peri-operatively. In addition, C2s and T1s-CL showed the same absolute change (Δ|0.8|°). The mean values of T1s-CL of the mismatch and balance groups were 23.0° and 7.6°, respectively. The five factors with the largest differences between the two groups were as follows : C2s (Δ13.3°), T1s-CL (Δ15.4°), O-C2A (Δ8.7°), C2-7A (Δ14.7°), and segmental angle (Δ7.9°) before surgery. Only four factors showed statistically significant change between the two groups after ACDF : T1s-CL (Δ4.0° vs. Δ0.2°), C2s (Δ3.2° vs. Δ0.7°), O-C2A (Δ2.6° vs. Δ1.3°), C2-7A (Δ6.3° vs. Δ1.3°). A very strong correlation between T1s-CL and C2s was also found (r=|0.88-0.96|). Conclusion : C2s itself may be the essential key to represent T1s-CL. The amounts and directions of change of these two factors (T1s-CL and C2s) were also almost identical. The above phenomenon was re-confirmed once again through the correlation analysis.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.173-184
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• 1997

An n-dimensional complex space form $M_n(c)$ is a Kaehlerian manifold of constant holomorphic sectional curvature c. As is well known, complete and simply connected complex space forms are a complex projective space $P_n C$, a complex Euclidean space $C_n$ or a complex hyperbolic space $H_n C$ according as c > 0, c = 0 or c < 0.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.835-848
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• 1995

Let $M_n$(c) be an n-dimensional complete and simply connected Kahlerian manifold of constant holomorphic sectional curvature c, which is called a complex space form. Then according to c > 0, c = 0 or c < 0 it is a complex projective space $P_nC$, a complex Euclidean space $C^n$ or a complex hyperbolic space $H_nC$.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 1999

To find the best combustion conditions in the heavy oil burner kinetic viscosity of heavy oil A, B and C at different temperature range, from 40 to 140$^{\circ}C$, and the droplet sizes of the heavy oils at different temperature and pump pressure were measured. And, combustion characteristics were investigated under the different conditions : two different heavy oil and three different oil temperature. At temperature of 70, 100, 130$^{\circ}C$ the kinetic viscosity of heavy oil A and B are 7.9, 5.7, 4.3 and 30.4, 13.7, 7.9cSt, respectively. The greatest and smallest viscosity were 7,455 cSt at C oil on 27$^{\circ}C$ and 4.26cSt at A oil on 140$^{\circ}C$. The magnitude of viscosity difference between at 100$^{\circ}C$ and 140$^{\circ}C$ under 6 cSt in cases of A and B oil, but more than 30cST on C oil. Of the droplet sizes, the biggest and smallest droplet size in A oil were 98$\mu\textrm{m}$ at oil temperature of 130$^{\circ}C$(4.3cSt), pump pressure of 1.57MPa and 72$\mu\textrm{m}$ at 70$^{\circ}C$(7.9cSt), 2.35MPa, respectively. It appeared that as spraying pressure increased the droplet size decreased, however, no distinct differences were found in the effects of kinetic viscosity on the droplet sizes of the test range. The best combustion performance was observed when droplet size, spraying pressure and oil temperature were 73$\mu\textrm{m}$, 2.35MPa and 70$^{\circ}C$ producing CO2 of 13.1%, CO of 13ppm and flue gas temperature of 250$^{\circ}C$ in A oil combustion For B oil, it was100$^{\circ}C$, 2.35MPa, 52$\mu\textrm{m}$, producing CO2 of 10ppm and flue gas temperature of 260$^{\circ}C$. In general, it appeared that better combustion results were observed in the smaller droplets produced burner condition.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.170-178
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was to determine the effect of oral vitamin C supplements on blood sugar and antioxidative status in Types II diabetes mellitus patients. Method: Data for the study were collected from June 24 to August 31, 2001. Participants(31) took 1g/day vitamin C for 4 weeks, after a 1 - week taking no Vitamin C, followed by Vitamin C 3g/day for 4 weeks. A baseline blood sample was obtained following a 12hour overnight fast and at the end of each 4week Vitamin C administration. Blood samples were taken for plasma vitamin C concentration, fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, superoxide scavenging activity and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. The data were analyzed by SPSS for repeated measures ANOVA. Result: Plasma vitamin C concentration was significantly increased over dose(F=3.316, p=.043). Fasting blood sugar and HbA1c was significantly decreased over dose(F=13.192, p=.000; F=11.995, p=.000). Superoxide scavenging activity and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity was significantly increased over dose(F=486.138, p=.000; F=177.704, p= .000). Conclusion: The results suggest that megadose vitamin C supplementation may have a beneficial effect in diabetes mellitus patients on both glycemic control and antioxidant status. Thus dietary measures to increase plasma vitamin C may be an important health strategy for reducing the compliance of diabetic patients

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.258-264
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• 1995

Production and some properties of chitinolytic enzymes were investigated by 80% ammonium sulfate precipitates (crude enzymes) from culture supernatant of antagonistic bacteria, Chromobacterium violaceum strain C-61 and strain C-72, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae, and Serratia marcescens. The maximum production of chitinase was obtained from the 3-day culture at 28$^{\circ}C$ in C. violaceum stains, the 6-day culture in S. marcescens, and the 2-day culture in A. hydrophila and A. caviae. In the optimum culture periods, chitinase activity of C. violaceum strains C-61 was 1.5, 5.5, 12.0 and 11.3 times higher than those of strain C-72, S. marcescens, A. hydrophila and A. caviae, respectively. However, N,N'-diacetylchitobiase activity was 3.2 times higher in S. marcescens than in C. violaceum strain C-61, and that of Aeromonas spp.was very low. On gels containing glycol chitin, chitinase of C. violaceum strains showed four isoforms of 54-, 52-, 50- and 37-kDa, whereas there were four isoforms of 58-, 52-, 48- and 38-kDa in S. arcescens, three isoforms of 70-, 58- and 54-kDa in A. hydrophila and six isoforms of 90-, 79-, 71-, 63-, 58- and 38-kDa in A. caviae. The chitinase of C. violaceum strain C-61 was most active at pH 7.0 and at 5$0^{\circ}C$ and was stable in ranges of pH 5.0~10.0 for 2 hours and of 0~5$0^{\circ}C$ for 30 min.