• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.153-167
• /
• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine whether social value-related expenditures can be recognized as intangible assets in financial statements. Design/methodology/approach - This study examined social values defined in the economic and management fields and analyzed whether the social values have the characteristics of intangible assets. For this, the general definition of social value was derived from the concept of social value covered in previous studies. Next, we reviewed the definitions and recognition requirements for intangible assets under the current accounting standards. Based on this, we tried to suggest new criteria and disclosure methods for reporting social value-related expenditures that are not currently reported in financial statements as intangible assets in the financial statements and notes. Findings - First, as a criterion for recognizing social value-related expenditure as an intangible asset, we propose a relationship between social value-related expenditure and enterprise value. Where social value-related expenditures have a statistically significant positive impact on corporate value, they are recognized as intangible assets. If social value-related expenditures have a statistically significant negative influence on business value, or the impact of social value-related expenditures on the enterprise value is not statistically significant, it is not recognized as asset. Second, new disclosure plans are proposed according to the combination of intangible assets by category and the relevance of enterprise value. After dividing social value-related expenditures into separate intangible asset categories, if social value-related expenditures have a statistically significant positive impact on corporate value, they are recognized as intangible assets in the financial statements. If expenditures have a statistically significant negative impact on business value, they should be recorded as essential notes. Finally, if the impact of social value-related expenditure on corporate value is not statistically significant, it should be listed as a supplement. Research implications or Originality - This study contributes to the concurrent research in that it is a priori study on whether social value-related expenditure can be recognized as an asset. This study suggests that the economic effect of social expenditure can be recognized in corporate financial statements, thereby providing companies with justification and effectiveness of social value-related expenditure.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.318-326
• /
• 2023

The floristic target species (FTS) has been widely used as a important tool for environmental assessment in Korea. Here the floristic district is a key criterion for the selection and evaluation of FTS. The aim of this study is to clarify the intellectual meaning of the floristic district i.e. a sort of phytogeographical subunit. We reviewed 7 main literatures related to the floristic district. Nakai's 1919 Ulleungdo flora survey report was first to mention a region and/or province in terms of general geographical divisions. In 1977, the floristic district map of the Korea vascular plants was first described by Oh. In 1978, Lee & Yim proposed a new floristic district map dividing the central and southern regions, and the district boundaries have been adjusted by many other researchers. In the end, the floristic district map modified slightly from Lee & Yim's map was nationally recognized in 2018. However, the boundaries of floristic districts were inconsistent, both in their setting and adjustment, as well as the indicator species of the district. No basis for this inconsistency could be confirmed. We concluded that all district maps depend on arbitrary lines drawn a priori, and finally proposed the following two ecological strategies to ensure the effectiveness and practicality of the FTS as a scientific means for environmental impact assessment and national flora evaluation: (i) designing to achieve the flora list and the floristic district based on nativeness of plant distribution, (ii) constructing a habitat-based floral monitoring system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.444-450
• /
• 2015

The accuracy of small and low cost CCD camera is insufficient to provide data for precisely tracking unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs). This study shows how UAV can hover on a human targeted tracking object by using CCD camera rather than imprecise GPS data. To realize this, UAVs need to recognize their attitude and position in known environment as well as unknown environment. Moreover, it is necessary for their localization to occur naturally. It is desirable for an UAV to estimate of his attitude by environment recognition for UAV hovering, as one of the best important problems. In this paper, we describe a method for the attitude of an UAV using image information of a maker on the floor. This method combines the observed position from GPS sensors and the estimated attitude from the images captured by a fixed camera to estimate an UAV. Using the a priori known path of an UAV in the world coordinates and a perspective camera model, we derive the geometric constraint equations which represent the relation between image frame coordinates for a marker on the floor and the estimated UAV's attitude. Since the equations are based on the estimated position, the measurement error may exist all the time. The proposed method utilizes the error between the observed and estimated image coordinates to localize the UAV. The Kalman filter scheme is applied for this method. its performance is verified by the image processing results and the experiment.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.7-17
• /
• 2009

The precise analysis of exercise data for designing an effective rehabilitation system is very important as a feedback for planing the next exercising step. Many subjective and reliable research outcomes that were obtained by analysis and evaluation for the human motor ability by various methods of biomechanical experiments have been introduced. Most of them include quantitative analysis based on basic statistical methods, which are not practical enough for application to real clinical problems. In this situation, data mining technology can be a promising approach for clinical decision support system by discovering meaningful hidden rules and patterns from large volume of data obtained from the problem domain. In this research, in order to find relational rules between posture training type and muscle activation pattern, we investigated an application of the WAR(Weishted Association Rule) to the biomechanical data obtained mainly for evaluation of postural control ability. The discovered rules can be used as a quantitative prior knowledge for expert's decision making for rehabilitation plan. The discovered rules can be used as a more qualitative and useful priori knowledge for the rehabilitation and clinical expert's decision-making, and as a index for planning an optimal rehabilitation exercise model for a patient.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.555-560
• /
• 2018

The high temperature stability of a chloride mixture, $NaCl-KCl-ZnCl_2$ (NaKZn-Chloride), is investigated to evaluate its potential as a thermal storage material. A thermal storage media should maintain a stable thermal properties within the temperature range of heat storage. Results from an a priori experiment showed that the NaKZn-chloride is stable only up the much lower temperature, while its stability limit is reported to be $850^{\circ}C$ in the literature. This study aims to investigate if the thermal property is changed by the moisture absorbed in the heat storage material. The effect of moisture content on the thermal properties was measured. The results show that the melting point remains the same regardless of the amount of moisture absorbed. Meanwhile, the high temperature stability is lower for the moisture treated samples. The results of this work infer that the loss of a hygroscopic thermal storage media can be reduced by avoiding its contacts to moisture in designing high temperature thermal storage systems.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.29 no.11
• /
• pp.767-774
• /
• 2002

Conventional research on image restoration has focused on restoring degraded images resulting from image formation, storage and communication, mainly in the signal processing field. Related research on recovering original image information of caption regions includes a method using BMA(block matching algorithm). The method has problem with frequent incorrect matching and propagating the errors by incorrect matching. Moreover, it is impossible to recover the frames between two scene changes when scene changes occur more than twice. In this paper, we propose a method for recovering original images using EBMA(Extended Block Matching Algorithm) and a region compensation method. To use it in original image recovery, the method extracts a priori knowledge such as information about scene changes, camera motion and caption regions. The method decides the direction of recovery using the extracted caption information(the start and end frames of a caption) and scene change information. According to the direction of recovery, the recovery is performed in units of character components using EBMA and the region compensation method. Experimental results show that EBMA results in good recovery regardless of the speed of moving object and complexity of background in video. The region compensation method recovered original images successfully, when there is no information about the original image to refer to.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.135-150
• /
• 2002

The basic assumption of analytical Dynamic Traffic Assignment models is that traffic demand and network conditions are known as a priori and unchanging during the whole planning horizon. This assumption may not be realistic in the practical traffic situation because traffic demand and network conditions nay vary from time to time. The rolling horizon implementation recognizes a fact : The Prediction of origin-destination(OD) matrices and network conditions is usually more accurate in a short period of time, while further into the whole horizon there exists a substantial uncertainty. In the rolling horizon implementation, therefore, rather than assuming time-dependent OD matrices and network conditions are known at the beginning of the horizon, it is assumed that the deterministic information of OD and traffic conditions for a short period are possessed, whereas information beyond this short period will not be available until the time rolls forward. This paper introduces rolling horizon implementation to enable a multi-class analytical DTA model to respond operationally to dynamic variations of both traffic demand and network conditions. In the paper, implementation procedure is discussed in detail, and practical solutions for some raised issues of 1) unfinished trips and 2) rerouting strategy of these trips, are proposed. Computational examples and results are presented and analyzed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.590-597
• /
• 1985

A recursive geometric adaptive control method to compensate for machining straightness error in the finished surface due to tool deflection and guideway error generated by end milling process is developed. The relationship between the tool deflection and the feedrate is modeled by a modified Taylor's tool life equation. Without a priori knowledge on the variations off cutting parameters, time varying parameters are then estimated by an exponentially windowed recursive least squares method with only post-process measurements of the straightness error. The location error is controlled by shifting the milling bed in the direction perpendicular to the finished surface and adding a certain amount of feedrate with respect to the tool deflection model before cutting. The waviness error is compensated by adjusting the feedrate during machining. Experimental results show that location error is controlled within a range of fixturing error of the bed on the guideway and that about 60% reduction in the waviness error can be achieved within a few steps of parameter adaption under wide operating ranges of cutting conditions even if the parameters do not converge to fixed values.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.10
• /
• pp.7061-7070
• /
• 2015

Multi-Response Surface Optimization aims at finding the optimal setting of input variables considering multiple responses simultaneously. The Weighted Mean Squared Error (WMSE) minimization approach, which imposes a different weight on the two components of mean squared error, squared bias and variance, first obtains WMSE for each response and then minimizes all the WMSEs at once. Most of the methods proposed for the WMSE minimization approach to date are classified into the prior preference articulation approach, which requires that a decision maker (DM) provides his/her preference information a priori. However, it is quite difficult for the DM to provide such information in advance, because he/she cannot experience the relationships or conflicts among the responses. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a posterior preference articulation method to the WMSE minimization approach. The proposed method first generates all (or most) of the nondominated solutions without the DM's preference information. Then, the DM selects the best one from the set of nondominated solutions a posteriori. Its advantage is that it provides an opportunity for the DM to understand the tradeoffs in the entire set of nondominated solutions and effectively obtains the most preferred solution suitable for his/her preference structure.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.37-53
• /
• 2008

This study has developed a water balance model for the catchment of Byungchun river using a BROOK90 4.4e physical deterministic water balance model with the long-term meterological data and stream run off data obtained from the basin of Byungchun river in Korea. It is intended that the validation model with calibrated model fitting parameter can build a long-term water balance plan for a period when meterological data are available but stream runoff data are not. Results of this study have satisfied the first expectation as an experiment for water balance modeling since measured stream runoff data have turned out to be very similar to simulated stream runoff data. Through the confirmation of model fitting parameters and validated simulation, water balance for the period of 1998 to 2006 has been restored. Unless the conditions of geomophology, vegetation, soil and land use change, meterological data alone can produce various hydrometeorological data related to stream runoff amount, soil water amount, and evapotranspiration. This study opens up a new horizon in restoring water balance in the past as well planning water balance in the present. The obtained results from this study are expected to be used in predicting future water balance in the wake of the changes in climate and vegetation in Korea.