• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.253-256
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• 2007

In an attempt to optimize the in vitro-regeneration conditions necessary for the genetic manipulation of tomato species, we examined 'Ailsa Graig' cultivar of Lycopersicon for regeneration ability. The basal medium used for callus formation and shoot regeneration was MS (MS + vitamin) supplemented with six combinations of zeatin 2 mg/l, zeatin 2 mg/l + IAA 0.1 mg/l, zeatin 2 mg/l + IAA 0.5 mg/l, zeatin 4 mg/l, zeatin 4 mg/l + IAA 0.1 mg/l and zeatin 4 mg/l + IAA 0.5 mg/l. When all conditions tested were considered, however, only zeatin 2 mg/l was shown to be the best in shoot regeneration. The morphological characterization from in vitro-cultured callus of Lycopersicon esculentum L. var. 'Ailsa Craig' was investigated with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surfaces of in vitro-cultured callus had well-defined epidermal cell in condition of zeatin 2 mg/l, but those of different treatments were twisted. These results suggested that shape of callus was involved in efficiency of shoot regeneration in tomato 'Ailsa Craig'.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.345-350
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• 2005

Three-week old Commelina communis was transferred and grown in Hoagland solution containing $100{\mu}M\;Cd^{2+},\;100{\mu}M\;Cd^{2+}+100{\mu}M\;kinetin,\;100{\mu}M\;Cd^{2+}+100{\mu}M\;zeatin\;and\;100{\mu}M\;Cd^{2+},\;200{\mu}M$ zeatin for 7 days, and then a number of physiological activities were investigated. In control, the length of the stem of plants was increased to 4.7cm, but in $Cd^{2+},\;Cd^{2+}+kinetin,\; Cd^{2+}+100{\mu}M\;zeatin\;and\;Cd^{2+}+200{\mu}M$ zeatin treatments, the growth of plants were increased to 1.5cm, 2.1cm, 3.9cm and 4.3 em, respectively. In the treatments of $Cd^{2+},\;Cd^{2+}+kinetin,\;Cd^{2+}+100{\mu}M\;zeatin\;and\; Cd^{2+}+200{\mu}M$ zeatin, total chlorophyll contents were reduced to $26\%,\;24\%,\;15\%\;and\;3\%$, respectively, on the contrast to the control. In chlorophyll fluorescence experiments, Fv/Fm ratios were also reduced to $44\%,\;21\%,\;17\%\;and\;5\%$ in the light intensity of $2100{\mu}Mmole\;E\;m^{-2}s^{-1}\;by\;Cd^{2+},\;Cd^{2+}+kinetin,\;Cd^{2+}+$100{\mu}M\;zeatin\;and\;Cd^{2+}+200{\mu}M$ zeatin treatments on the contrast to the control. Water stresses were increased to 2.6, 1.7 and 1.2 times by $Cd^{2+},\; Cd^{2+}+kinetin\;and\;Cd^{2+}+{\mu}M$ zeatin. On the other hand, combination of $Cd^{2+}+200{\mu}M$ zeatin reduced water stress to $0.12\%$. In $Cd^{2+}$ accumulation experiments $Cd^{2+}$transports were inhibited to $33\%\; 48\%\;and\;70\%\;by\;Cd^{2+}+kinetin,\;Cd^{2+}+100{\mu}M\;zeatin\;and\;Cd^{2+}+200{\mu}M$ zeatin. Therefore, it could be concluded that zeatin clearly reduced the toxicities of $Cd^{2+}$ by reducing the absorption of $Cd^{2+}$.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

Apical meristems tissue were cultured on LS medium with different zeatin and NAA concentrations to compare their potential to regenerate shoots, roots and bulblet formation. Shoot regeneration from apical meristem was effective on LS medium added with zeatin 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/L alone treatment or zeatin 0.5 mg/L and NAA 1.0 mg/L combination treatment. A high frequency of root regeneration was obtained on LS medium supplemented with zeatin 0.5 mg/ and NAA 1.0 combination treatment. Linsmaier and Skoog(LS) medium with NAA 3.0 mg/L and zeatin 1.0 mg/L combination treatment gave the best results for normal bulblet formation#KW=Allium wakegi ; plant regeneration ; bulblet formation

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to develop an effective production system of blueberry plants by using tissue culture technique. Murashige and skoog medium (MS) and woody plant medium (WPM) were compared for shoot formation of highbush blueberries. Also medium supplemented with zeatin/2-isopentenyl adenine (2iP)/benzyl aminopurine (BA) (1, 2/10, 15/4, $6mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$)and zeatin/2iP/BA (0.5/10, 15/$0.05mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) as plant growth regulators to determine the effect of shoot formation and shoot proliferation, respectively. The shoot explants cultured on WPM showed higher shoot formation rates, more number of nodes, and longer root length than those on MS medium during the primary culture. Shoots were not formed when the explants were cultured on the medium without plant growth regulators or on only BA. The shoot explants cultured on the medium supplemented with 2iP showed low rates of shoot formation. On the other hand, zeatin was the most effective for shoot formation and growth of the explants. Also influence of different cytokinins (zeatin, 2iP) on the shoot proliferation of subcultured shoot explants was studied. There was no significant difference among the different concentrations of zeatin in the rate of shoot formation and number of shoots. However at higher concentration of zeatin, number of nodes was increased, and shoot length was shorted. The proper concentrations of zeatin for shoot propagation in subculture were found to be $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2014

Adventitious buds were produced from the cultures of mature zygotic embryos of Larix kaempferi with the highest frequency in Quoirin & Lepoivre (LP) medium containing 1.0 mg/L zeatin (76.1%). The effective treatments for inducing adventitious shoots growth above 2 mm were shown in Litvay (LM) medium with 0.5 mg/L zeatin (75.2%) or LP medium with 2.0 mg/L zeatin (70.2%), respectively. In experiment with half strength salts medium for induction of the adventitious buds, the effective treatments were obtained from 1/2LP medium with 1.0 (83.3%) or 2.0 mg/L (81.7%) zeatin, respectively. However, the best adventitious shoot growth more than 2 mm appeared in 1/2LM medium with 1.0 mg/L zeatin (66.7%). In experiment with half strength salts medium for induction of the adventitious buds, the effective treatments were obtained from 1/2LP medium with 1.0 (83.3%) or 2.0 mg/L (81.7%) zeatin, respectively. However, the best adventitious shoot growth more than 2 mm appeared in 1/2LM medium with 1.0 mg/L zeatin (66.7%). In experiment of subsequent treatment with various cytokinins for induction of the adventitious buds, the best one (52.9%) was obtained from 1.0 mg/L zeatin for 2weeks, and then subcultured to the medium with 1.0 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ). The effect of ethylene synergist or inhibitor on adventitious buds induction was examined. The highest rate (34.6%) of adventitious buds marked from the treatments of 1.0 mg/L zeatin+2.0 mg/L MGBG (methylglyoxal bis-[guanylhydrazone]). And the highest no. of adventitious buds(1.5/explant) was shown in the medium with 1.0 mg/L zeatin+2.0 mg/L $CoCl_2$.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 2000

The effect of cultural media and growth regulators on multiple plant regeneration from leaf explants of Heloniopsis orientalis (Thunb.) Tanaka was evaluated. The highest percentage of shoot and root formation were 20 and 30% on MS medium treated at 3.0 mg $l^{-1}$ of zeatin, respectively. Also 67 and 33% of high shoot formation appeared on 1/2 MS and 5 culture medium treated at zeatin 1.0 and 3.0 mg $l^{-1}$ respectively. With MS treated at 0.5 mg $l^{-1}$ of 2,4-D 1/2 MS and B5 culture media treated at each 1.0 and 3.0 mg $l^{-1}$ of zeatin the highest ratios of plant produced were 100, 280 and 310 % respectively relative to the other treatments. Generally, there was highest possibility for multiple propagation of Heloniopsis orientalis (Thunb.) C. Tanaka with B5 culture media supplemented 3.0 mg $l^{-1}$ of zeatin.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.231-235
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• 1996

The calli obtained from the bulbs of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum on MS based medium containing 2 mg/L 2, 4-D and 1mg/L BA. Plants from calli were regenerated on MS basal media supplemented with combinations of NAA and four kinds of cytokinin, BA, zeatin, kinetin and 2iP, and with only each cytokinin. The good response of shoot regeneration was observed in the media with combinations of NAA and BA or zeatin, and with only BA or zeatin. Shoot regenerating response in the medium with combinations of NAA and BA or zeatin, and with only BA or zeatin. Shoot regerating response in the medium with combinations of NAA and BA or zeatin was about two times higher than that in the mediuim with only BA or zeatin. From the karyotypic analysis of the regenerated plants, abnormal diploids, aneuploids and mixoploid with structural aberrations were investigated. The somaclonal variants (AV 16-04, AV 13-03) were shown the considerable differences from normal diploid regenerant (AV 18-03) in the external morphology.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2022

The optimal culture conditions for root organogenesis from the callus of peonies (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) were investigated. Root explants with vascular bundles were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium combined with 0.5-4.0 mg/L auxins (indole acetic acid [IAA], naphthalene acetic acid [NAA], indolebutyric acid [IBA], and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [2,4-D]) and 0.0-2.0 mg/L cytokinins (kinetin, zeatin, and benzylaminopurine [BAP]) to induce callus formation. The callus was then cultured in MS medium combined with three concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L) of IAA, NAA, IBA, kinetin, zeatin, and BAP in the dark for 6 weeks. Based on the results, the effects of dark and light conditions on the callus cultured in MS medium with combinations of 0.1-1.0 mg/L IBA and zeatin for 6 weeks were studied. Callus formation was most effective (>+++) in the medium with a combination of 1.0 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L zeatin. A high number of long adventitious roots were observed in the mediums with 0.1 mg/L IBA (6.66 and 4.82 cm) and 0.5 mg/L zeatin (2.32 and 0.72 cm) among auxins and cytokinins, respectively. The highest number (14.06) of adventitious roots were formed from the callus cultured in light in the MS medium combined with 0.1 mg/L IBA and 0.5 mg/L zeatin. This same medium induced the formation of the longest adventitious root (5.45 cm) in the dark. Thus, optimization of in vitro culture conditions may be possible for the mass propagation of adventitious roots in peonies.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.137-157
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• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate the optimal condition for multiple propagation through leaf tissue culture and to apply anther culture techniques to Pulsatilla koreana Nakai breeding. Leaf and anther of Pulsatilla koreana Nakai were cultured on MS, MT, LS and $B_5$ media supplemented with several growth regulators and nitrogen sources under various conditions. For callus induction and differentiation from the Pulsatilla koreana leaf segments were more effective in the combination of zeatin and auxin than auxin alone. The color of the callus was green when treated with IBA alone. Shoot differentiation was more effective when treated with zeatin than auxin alone, especially the best hormoal combination for shoot differentiation was zeatin 1.0mg/l +NAA 0.1mg/l, while 2,4-D inhibited shoot differentiation. The appeared rate of S pollen was 35% in vivo, while that of S pollen by low temperature$(4^{\circ}C)$ pretreatment for 4 days was increased by 53% and the optimum culture time for callus induction from anther was uni-nucleate stage. $B_5$ basal medium supplemented with NAA 0.5mg/l and zeatin 1 mg/l was the most effective on callus formation and the best results of plant regeneration were obtained from combination of NAA 0.5mg/l and zeatin 0.5mg/l in anther culture. $NH_{4}NO_3$ as more effectives as the nitrogen source than $KNO_3$ and the combination with zeatin 2.0mg /L was the best effective. The best combination for plant regeneration in callus induced from anther was $NH_{4}NO_3$ 1650mg/l + $KNO_3$ 3800mg/l + zeatin 2.0mg/l. Ploidy level of anther-derived plants appeared 28% haploid, 47% diploid and the others were triploid, tetraploid and mixploid. In compare with E.S.T, M.D.H and P.X banding patterns were distinguished among callus, haploid and diploid plants in electrophoresis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.301-304
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• 1998

Effects of genotype and culture medium on plant regeneration from cotyledon segments of red pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) was investigated. Among combinations of IAA(0.25 and 0.50 mg/L) and zeatin(2.0 and 4.0 mg/L) added to MS medium, combination of 2.0 mg/L zeatin and 0.25 mg/L IAA was shown to be the best for shoot differentiation from cotyledon segments. Shoot regeneration from cotyledon explants took 9 to 25days, depending on genotypes and culture media. Early shooting was observed in Yeongyangjaelae, Putgochw, Karkovskij-A-35, Gris I-A-1 on MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L zeatin and 0.25 IAA mg/L. Percent of explants producing shoots, as also influenced by genotypes and culture media, were over 90% for 621, Yeongyangjaelae, Putgochw, Nikko jacksacgmulgochw, Ch-6-Num-216, and Kajenskij-A-35 when cultured on MS medum supplemented with 2.0 mg/L zeatin and 0.25 mg/L IAA and for Fresno chile, PI 169126, Kajenskij-A-35, jacksacgmulgochw, and PI 297438 on MS medium including 2.0 mg/L BA and 1.0 mg/L IAA.