• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2007

Purpose: Ths study aims to examine characteristics of patients using emergency room after execution of five-day workweek system by government and provide basic materials for operation of efficient emergency room. Methods: Data were collected tbrough medical records of patients visiting emergency room from July of 2004 to October of 2006 and they were analyzed with SPSSlPC 10.0. Conclusion : 1. The number of patients visiting emergency room was average 16.7 persons a day in 2004, 17.5 in 2005 and 18.6 in 2006 and it was found that it was increasing every year since the execution of five-day workweek system 2. Gender distribution of subjects using emergency room was higher in male than in female every year. 3. Means of transport to emergency room were mostly private car and others(public transport or on foot), but use of ambulance was increasing. 4. Residential areas of subjects were mostly 'Myeon area' in 2004~2005, but it was changed to residents at 'Eup area' in 2006. 5. Distribution of patients by medical departments was highest in internal medicine and surgery in 2004~2006 and rate of visiting pediatrics was increasing every year. 6. Time to stay at emergency room was most at 'below 30 min'. in 2004~2006, but cases of stay for 'more than 2 hours' were increasing every year. 7. On presence or absence of trauma in patients visiting emergency room, rate of visit to emergency room with 'no trauma' was higher and this result was increasing every year. 8. As a result of classifying severity of patients visiting emergency room, use rate of emergency room by 'non-emergency' patients was over 90% in 2004~2006 and such a phenomenon was deepened in 2006 compared to that in 2004. 9. Measures after emergency care of patients were most in case of 'discharge' in 2004~2006, but cases of admission to hospital after emergency care were increased every year. 10. According to use of emergency room by a day of the week, use on Sunday was most frequent in 2004~2006, but use on Friday the day before holiday was increasing. 11. According to distribution by age, use by those between '40~49' was most in 2004~2005, but use by those 'below 10' was most in 2006. 12. According to time to visit emergency room, using emergency room at "15:31~23:30 was most in 2004~2006, cases of visiting emergency room at day working hour were decreased every year and those at evening and night working hours were increased. Conclusion: In sum, it was found that characteristics of patients visiting emergency room and their actual status were changed after the execution of five-day workweek system and efforts to rearrange emergency medical system are required.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.44-56
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate emergency room nurses' recognition of patient safety culture and their performance of safety management activity. Methods: Data were collected from July 1 to August 31, 2012 on 292 emergency room nurses working at 25 general hospitals located in B city in G province. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture was used to measure patient safety culture, and an 82-item questionnaire was developed to measure safety management activity. Results: the performance of safety management activity were significantly associated with the total career years, whether the nurses had undergone safety training, and whether the nurses has been working in the regional emergency care facility. Of 6 subcategories of the patient safety culture, the perception of a directly commanding senior/manager, frequency of accident reports, and hospital environment were associated with the performance of safety management activity. Conclusion: For improving performance of safety management activity among emergency room nurses, it is necessary to develop an educational program of safety management activity by their level of performance.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2014

Aim of this research is suggesting a satisfied studying space for lecturer, student and curriculum by abstraction of improvement plan which based on investigation and analysis of the space that teacher is using in lecturer and study support facility in school which managed in 'Department system'. This research focused on analyse of teacher's laboratory, teacher's room, and common room in middle and high school which managed and designed by 'Department system' and registered on 'Seoul office of education' and designed in management of department system between 2009 and 2012. With these process, a conclusion of this research is as in the following. Firstly, plan of teachers' private place which is efficient and stable is required through to get out of module which can cover subject band and grade band. Secondly, we have to focus on size of teachers' convenience facilities for convenience or official usage, movement radius, and improvement of working environments. Thirdly, 'Subject type teachers' laboratory' which organized by teachers who teach same subject is more efficient than 'Task type laboratory' which organized by teachers who working on same task for management of school. In fourth, 'Task type teachers' laboratory' arranged regardless with teachers' class room to teach, and it makes lack of connectivity between teacher and class room.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.204-214
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was aimed to provide information on the awareness of patient safety culture and safety care activities among operating room (OR) nurses and to analyze the factors influencing the safety care activities. Methods: For this descriptive research, self-reported questionnaires were administered to 168 OR nurses who were working at the university-affiliated and general hospitals. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\grave{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 17.0. Results: The mean score of the awareness on patient safety culture was 3.27 out of 5 points and that of safety care activity was 4.31 out of 5. The statistically significant difference was found between experience of safety education and the awareness on patient safety culture. Also, the scores of safety care activities were significantly different according to OR nurses' position, education levels, and experience of safety education. There was a positive correlation between the awareness of patient safety culture and safety care activity. Their explanatory power on safety care activity was 8.8%, which includes working environment in operating room 3.3% and nursing position 5.5%. Conclusion: Compared to the level of patient safety activities, the OR nurses' awareness on patient safety culture was low. Given the specific characteristics and conditions in each hospital, it needs to increase the OR nurses' awareness on patient safety culture and activities related to patient safety.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.47-63
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• 2011

Purpose : This research is to examine the work and job satisfaction of paramedics in the emergency room of university hospitals. This research is done to provide basic data needed for establishing work realms of paramedics in hospitals and to enhance their degree of satisfaction. Methods : Research questionnaire survey was conducted on 141 paramedics working in the emergency room of 32 university hospitals from August 24, 2010 to September 30, 2010 through direct visits and telephone interviews or email to explain the purpose of this research and assurance of confidentiality of responses on the questionnaires. As the tool for the degree of job satisfaction, 'The Index of Work Satisfaction' developed by Slavitt, et al(1978) and revised and supplemented by Soon-shim Kim and Hye-ran Kwon(2002) was used. The collected data were analyzed by evaluating frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA, Cronbach's $\alpha$ by using SPSS WIN 18.0 program. Results : 1. Investigating the work and role of paramedics in the emergency room of university hospitals, electrocardiogram(EKG) was found to be highest with $\alpha$ was widely used with the rate of patient evaluation and test area. In the medical treatment for patients area, cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) with 95%(134 persons) and ventilation assistance through ambu bagging(BVM) with 95%(134 persons) were found to be high. $\alpha$ were performed. In the role within the hospital and other areas, a member of CPR team in the hospital accounted for 78%(110 persons). 2. In the measurements of the job satisfaction of paramedics working at university hospitals, the total mean score was 2.91. The mean score in each question area indicated: section on job 3.48, autonomy 3.05, interaction 3.01, organizational demand 2.85, working conditions 2.67, salaries 2.40. This result obviously demonstrates the work of paramedics itself was most satisfied but the salaries were most dissatisfied. 3. In the measurements of the job satisfaction of paramedics working at university hospitals, job satisfaction based on the general characteristics showed significant difference in age (F=6.547, p=.002), gender (F=4.436, p=.000) marital status (F=-3.270, p= .001), religion (F=2.041, p= .043), motive for application (F=3.603, p= .015), and salary (F=6.658, p= .000). 대학병원 응급실 내 1급 응급구조사의 업무와 직무만족도 The Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medical Technology Vol. 15 (1) 63 4. In the measurements of the job satisfaction of paramedics working at university hospitals, job satisfaction based on the working environmental characteristics showed significant difference in total number of paramedics (F=3.779, p= .012), form of employment (F=5.601, p= .001), existence or non-existence of intention to change jobs (F=-4.037, p= .000). Conclusion : The work of paramedics in the emergency room of university hospitals consists of lots of treatment processes after specialized diagnosis and performance of professionally subdivided works. However, current legislation does not reflect such circumstances to which paramedics are exposed; thus, it should be considered for further revision and modification. The degree of job satisfaction of paramedics in the emergency room of university hospitals was high but low in salaries and working conditions were the weak points. The measures to enhance their degree of job satisfaction should be taken though improvement of labor conditions such as consideration of the rate of increase in salaries, compensation for overtime work, providing rest areas, improvement of current employment system, and conversion of temporary employees into regular employees.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.155-157
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• 2000

In modem buildings, the concept of open-space plan gets more acceptance as it supports more flexibility for the internal space design. This open-space can be easily subdivided by internal partitioning to provide each individual working zone. Although the partitioning forms each physical working zone, its indoor environment could be different Iron what the occupants require. Especially the air movement and contaminant spread in each working zone could be blocked or distorted by the partitioning, which may produce unexpected change in ventilation performance designed. (omitted)

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2007년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.206-209
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• 2007

Today rapid change in information and economy takes the changing of office design. It is very important to understand about the needs of employees and working environment. To promote the efficiency and comfort of the working environment, diverse employee's working characteristic and individual requirements have been observed. To build a good working environment, flexibility of space and communication between employees and employer in the office are very important. Due to the business growth, "K" financial company requires more working space. The design idea for the main areas such as the executive officer's room, the reception, the elevator hall, the conference rooms and the working areas in this project targets the harmony of the functionality and the aesthetic. This project could be able to deliver more convenient and comfortable working place by adopting three main concepts, which are modern, simplicity and moderation.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.83-86
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to actualize the unit planning space. First, to understand various needs about residential space of apartments inhabitants. It is necessary for us to understand exactly what differences of residential needs and how different they are with todays's viewpoint because different residential life should be developed according to family structure, age and personality. Second, to suggest plan type as many as possible to reflect and accept various residential needs of inhabitants. The main bed room is normal used for the space of husband and wife, it is necessary to consider the room to be free from the main living room, to introduce variety in the area division or location of rooms an to mark kitchen and dining room as family room or pieasure room besides as a working space

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.213-229
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is not only to provide students in the fishery high schools with source materials and opportunity, but also to contribute to a comprehensive development in educational program of the fishery high schools. It investigated various factors of aquarium related 6 new occupations : job contents, educational-level for job performance, training period, worker's capacity, the degree of physical activity, working place, and working environment. First, the work intensity is a normal work. The physical activities such as crawling, bending, accurately seeing a nearby thing and using hands are frequently used. The work is mainly conducted inside a room. The condition for a work environment is very moist and humid. Second, the work intensity is a light work. The physical activities such as using hands, speaking and accurately seeing a nearby thing are frequently used. The work is mainly conducted inside and outside a room. The work environment factor did not have any effect on the work. Third, the work is mainly conducted inside and outside a room. The risk in the condition for a work environment is found out as miscellaneous. Fourth, the physical activities such as bending, touching, and accurately seeing a nearby thing are frequently used. The work is mainly conducted inside a room. The work environment factor did not have any effect on the work. Fifth, the work is mainly conducted inside a room. The condition for a work environment is very moist and humid. Sixth, the work is mainly conducted inside a room. The work environment factor did not have any effect on the work.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.430-439
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• 1990

Steady state turbulent airflow and unsteady characteristics of generation, transportation, and recovery behavior of contaminate particles in the simplified 2 dimensional Vertical Laminar Flow (VLF) type clean room was numerically simulated using the low Reynolds number k-over bar.epsilon- turbulent model. Characteristics of airflow in VLF type clean room are greatly affected by the recirculation zone around working surface. The recirculation zone must be considered at the time of clean room design because the recirculation zone whose area increases with increment of inlet velocity exerts bad influence upon the performance of clean room in terms of particle contamination. The location of maximum particle concentration changes from the location of particle source to the recirculation zone, while averaged particle concentration is reduced exponentially with time. Recovery time of clean room with spontaneous particle generation source is inversely proportional to inlet velocity. We introduce nondimensionalized recovery time through the dimensional analysis, which can indicates the general performance of clean room with design structure change. It was identified that .tau. is independent of inlet velocity and background concentration. Therefore .tau. can be the simple factor to compare the different structure of clean room in terms of dynamic response to contamination and becomes larger with better structure of clean room.