• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2015

Purpose: This study is a descriptive research study to determine the level of professional autonomy, professional self-concept, and job satisfaction of emergency nurses, and to investigate their correlations and verify the effects of professional autonomy and professional self-concept on job satisfaction. Method: The subjects were 189 emergency nurses with a work experience of 1 year or more, in 14 hospitals located in B and U Metropolitan Cities. The study was conducted from July 20, 2014, to August 30, 2014. The measurement instruments for professional autonomy, professional self-concept, and job satisfaction were used as the measurement tools. The collected data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression. Results: Job satisfaction among emergency nurses showed a significant positive correlation with professional autonomy (r=.28, p <.001), and with professional selfconcept (r=.50, p <.001) with sub-areas of professional practice (r=.79, p <.001), satisfaction (r=.64, p <.001), and communication (r=.25, p <.001). Factors affecting job satisfaction were satisfaction (${\beta}$=0.60, p <.001), followed by low professional autonomy (${\beta}$=-0.24, p <.001) and communication (${\beta}$=0.14, p =.008), which accounted in total for 48.3% of the effect. Conclusion: This study suggests that enhancing professional satisfaction, maintaining proper communication, and securing autonomy are required to improve the job satisfaction among emergency nurses.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제3권
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• pp.87-144
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• 2001

This study looks into historical genealogy of autonomy in art criticism on modernism and presents the view of the judgment and correction about that. A matter of autonomy in art appeared in the attempt to totally reconsider and upset the theory of 'Mimesis' or 'Representation' which was the basis of traditional aesthetic theory. In the traditional theory of representation, they assumed primary image exists first and then tried to obtain visual similarity to it through art works. However, in the theory of autonomy in modernism, they maintained the reduction to pure form' or medium', regarding what art works represents and how similar to primary image are not the true essence of art. In the early 20th century, C. Bell laid the foundation stone of the theory of Formalism', providing that a matter of autonomy is significant form', which is the combination of lines and colors Aesthetic autonomy theory came to a climax by C. Greenberg, who systemized art criticism on modernism in the middle 20th century. According to his theory, the pursuit of the essence of form resulted in the specificity of medium' and flatness. They thought that the autonomy of art would be achieved by eliminating outward social factors from art works. This theory ended by Minimalism preventing the instructive function of art work and only emphasizing its material property. Since the middle 20th century, the autonomy theory was confronted with the limit and intense attack because it resulted in this fixed canon and materialism, so they began laying emphasis on those extrinsic factors around art works such as human life, society, history, and so on. This study focuses on arguing and complementing the limit of autonomy such as the adhesive and fixed canon, and then defining the more dynamic area of it. For this, first, I introduced the view of T. J. Clark and T. Crow who criticized the aesthetic autonomy theory. They denied the transcendental structure of form, and found form only in the association with substantial life and society. And they insisted the dynamism of form by emphasizing form as a result of negation insisted by avant-garde. Second, I researched the view of A. C, Danto and M. Fried, who complemented the traditional autonomy theory. They made autonomy emerge from the fixation of form like flatness through connecting essentialism with historical view. In conclusion, I insist that autonomic position of art make it possible to connect or mediate between material form and human or social elements. Therefore, autonomy should not be reduced to the axis of form or that of society but make interaction between two heterogeneous axes.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.389-402
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• 2021

본 연구는 2019 개정 누리과정에서 유치원교사에게 강조된 자율성에 대한 인식과 실천현황에 대해 살펴봄으로써, 교사 자율성의 중요성을 강조하고 인식과 실천의 양상을 파악하여 교사 자율성이 반영되는 교육과정 운영에의 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위해 121명의 공·사립 유치원교사를 대상으로 조사를 실시하고 빈도분석과 경력에 따른 차이검증을 실시하였다. 연구결과를 살펴보면 첫째, 유치원교사의 '자율성 인식'에서는 '자율성의 개념에 대해 관심이 많고, 실천하고자 시도해보았다', 자율성을 기대하는 분야로는 '교육계획 수립 및 운영의 자율성'이 가장 높았다. 고경력 교사들은 자율성이 대체로 잘 부여된다고 인식하는 반면, 저경력 교사들은 부여되지 않거나 보통이라고 인식하였다. 교사 자율성이 현장에서 부여되지 못한 이유로는 '기관에서의 자율적 의사결정 제한'이 가장 많았다. 둘째, 유치원교사의 '자율성 실천현황'은 기관운영 자율성 중 '교육계획 및 수립', 운영에서는 '일과 운영'에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 부모 및 지역사회의 교류에서는 '홈페이지 운영'이, 교사 전문성 개발에서는 '교사연수 참여', 교육활동 자율성에서는 '유아와의 상호작용'이 가장 높게 나타났다. 유아관찰 및 평가에서는 '활동 결과, 작품 등의 평가 유형, 방법 계획'과 '평가 결과에 기초한 상담 및 유아지도'에서 자율성 확보가 가장 높았다. 향후 연구에서는 자율성 실천의 맥락을 이해하기 위해 장기적 사례 연구 등이 수반되어야할 것이다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2007

Adjustable autonomy architecture provides various ways for a human operator to participate as a member of a human-robot team in improving the performance of the team by resolving issues that the robots cannot deal with or performing tasks that the robots alone would unable to do. According to the level of involvement of the human operator, the robots have to adjust their level of autonomy and, in consequence, the operation mode of the overall system shifts. This paper deals with the implementation issues of seamless switching when the level of autonomy of the human-robot team shifts from one level to another. Especially, we focus on developing reliable methods for monitoring the task progress and maximizing the system flexibility by coping with the detailed differences between humans and robots in their characteristics of motions and their choices of positions, paths, and sequences of sub-goals to achieve a given task. To test and motivate the proposed methods, we have assembled three heterogeneous robots which work together to dock both ends of a suspended beam into stanchions.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2015

Purpose - The intent of this research is to discover the factors that enhance innovative work behaviors of group members in order to strengthen the competitiveness of small enterprises. In addition, we verify that employee job characteristic factors have an influence between antecedent variables and dependent variables in the work situations at small companies. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is focused on identifying the factors, such as self-efficacy, leader member exchange (LMX), and collective efficacy, which promote innovative work behaviors. A total of 305 valid questionnaires were collected. Results - The results of a path analysis showed that LMX did not have significant effects on task significance, and autonomy did not have significant effects on innovative work behavior. Conclusions - These findings of the study imply that even though leaders supported the groups in accordance with official procedures by placing group members within or outside certain groups, task identity perceived by group members was not impacted. In addition, autonomy given to those with relatively less capability might be a burden rather than a positive outcome.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.62-86
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• 2001

This study purports to Investigate the determinant of job satisfaction and the organizational commitment of medical insurance review nurses working at Korean hospitals. The independent variables contain three groups of determinants: organizational characteristics variables(job autonomy, work unit control, role variety, role ambiguity, role conflict, workload, resource inadequacy, coworker support, supervisor support, distributive justice, promotional chances, job security, and job hazard), environmental variables(job opportunity, spouse support, and parent support), and psychological variables (met expectation, work involvement, positive affectivity, and negative affectivity). The sample used in this study consisted of 445 medical insurance review nurses from 89 hospitals nationwide. Data were collected with self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results of the study are as follows : 1) the following variables, listed in order of size, have significant effects on job satisfaction : role ambiguity(－), distributive justice(＋), work involvement(＋), role variety(＋), met expectation(＋), negative affectivity(－), job autonomy(＋), and positive affectivity(＋). 2) the following variables, listed in order of size, have significant effects on organizational commitment: met expectation(＋), work involvement(.＋), distributive justice(＋), job security(＋), role variety(＋), positive affectivity(＋), negative affectivity(－), resource inadequacy(＋), and tenure(－). 3) the variance of job satisfaction and organizational commitment explained by the variables used in the study are 30.0% and 39.1% respectively. 4) In comparison to the results of other studies on the determinants of job satisfaction and organizational commitment of clinical nursing staff working at hospitals, the results of this study indicate that three variables of distributive justice, work involvement, and role variety are especially important for improving the level of job satisfaction and organizational commitment of medical insurance review nurses.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.585-594
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and test a predictive model on the male nurses' turnover intention. Methods: This study utilized the model-testing design based on the Price's causal model of turnover. This study collected data from 306 male nurses on a national scale with structured questionnaires measuring job opportunity, kinship responsibility, positive emotion, work autonomy, role conflict, work satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. The data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 22.0 program and AMOS 20.0 program. Results: As the outcomes satisfied the recommended level, the hypothetical model appeared to fit the data. Twenty-seven of the 38 hypotheses selected for the hypothetical model were statistically significant. 54.2% of turnover intention was explained by job opportunity, kinship responsibility, positive emotion, work autonomy, role conflict, work satisfaction and organizational commitment. Conclusion: The hypothetical model of this study was confirmed to be adequate in explaining and predicting male nurses' turnover intention. Findings from this study can be used to design appropriate strategies to decrease the male nurse's turnover intention.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.384-388
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• 2021

Adequate positioning of the hand is a critical step in hand fracture operative repair that can impact both the clinical outcome and the efficiency of the operation. In this paper, we introduce the use of a thermoplastic splint with an added thumb stabilizing component as a means to increase the surgeon's autonomy and to streamline the patient care pathway. The thermoplastic splint is custom fabricated preoperatively by the specialist hand therapist. The splint is used prior, during, and post operation with minimal modification. The thumb component assists maintaining the forearm in a stable pronated position whilst drilling and affixing metal work. This is demonstrated in the video of removal of metal work and open reduction and internal fixation of a metacarpal fracture.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.328-335
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• 2011

Objectives: Depressive disorder (DD) is a complex disease, and the assessment of work ability in patients with DD is also complicated. The checklist depression (CDp) has recently been developed to support such work ability assessments and has been recommended for implementation in insurance medicine, starting with an analysis of the organisational and social contexts. The aim of this study was to identify the potential facilitators and barriers in the use of the CDp by insurance physicians (IPs) during work ability assessments of employees on sick leave due to DD. Methods: A qualitative research was conducted based on semi-structured interviews. The participants were IPs with at least one year of work experience in performing work ability assessments. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed qualitatively. Results: Ten IPs (7 males, 3 females; mean 53 years) were interviewed. Important facilitators, which emerged for use of the CDp, were an oral introduction for colleagues and staff, support from management, valuing the increased transparency in work ability assessments with using the CDp, having adequate time for assessments as well as modification of the appearance (colour, plasticised form) and content (clarifying aspects of the examples) of the assessment tool. The fear of the loss of autonomy, lack of added value of the CDp, high workload, inadequate instructions and lack of time were mentioned as barriers. Conclusion: Adequate introduction to the use of CDp and the fear of the loss of autonomy of IPs need special attention in planning its implementation.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.125-150
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• 2022

Technology companies launched their intelligent personal assistants (IPAs). IPAs not only provide individuals with a convenient way to interact with technology but also offer them the opportunity to interact with AI in a useful and meaningful form. Therefore, the global IPAs have experienced tremendous growth over the past decade. But maintaining continuous usage intention is still a massive challenge for developers and marketers and previous technology adoption models are not enough to explain continuous usage intention of IPAs. Thus, we adopted the bi-dimensional perspectives of utilitarian and hedonic value in this research model, and investigated how three characteristics of IPAs - anthropomorphism, autonomy, and intelligence - affect utilitarian value and hedonic value, which in turn continuous usage intentions. 227 data were collected from IPA users. The results showed that IPAs' continuous usage intention is significantly determined by both utilitarian and hedonic value, with the hedonic value being more prominent. In addition, the results showed that anthropomorphism and intelligence are the most important antecedents of utilitarian and hedonistic value. The results also illustrated that autonomy is a crucial predictor of utilitarian value rather than hedonistic value. Our work contributes to current research by widening the theoretical understanding of the effect of IPA characteristics on continuous usage intention through bi-dimensional values. Our paper also provides IPAs' developer and marketer guidelines for enhancing continuous usage intention.