• 한국조경학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2009

인력 중심의 산업적 성격이 강한 조경업은 실질적 생산 활동의 주체라고 할 수 있는 기술인력의 관리가 매우 중요하다. 그러나 조경업은 경기에 민감한 산업적 특성으로 인하여 최근과 같은 국내외 경제여건과 정책의 변화 등에 따라 매우 민감하게 반응하게 되고 이러한 특성은, 곧 조경현장의 인력수급에 많은 영향을 미치게 된다. 결과적으로 인력에 대한 올바른 수급 균형이 깨지게 되어, 산업체에서는 조경기술인력의 부족에 허덕이게 되고, 새로 사회에 진출하는 신규 인력은 마땅한 일자리를 찾지 못하는 상황으로 악순환을 계속하게 된다. 따라서 본 연구는 현 조경산업의 올바른 기술인력 수급현황을 파악하고 이를 통해 향후 요구되는 인력수요와 공급상황을 분석함으로써, 기존 기술인력과 신진 기술인력의 적절한 수급균형을 맞추고, 이를 통해 미래 조경산업의 안정화를 꾀하고자 진행되었다. 본 연구에서 도출된 결과에 따르면, 초급기술자에 해당하는 조경산업기사 이상의 기술인력은 매년 10% 수준의 인력공급 증가가 예상된다. 이를 2008년 기술인력 공급현황인 1,137명을 기준으로 추정하면 1,251명의 인력공급이 가능할 것으로 예상된다. 이에 비하여 조경업체의 수요 기술인력은 현재 조경산업에 종사하는 기술인력을 14,783명으로 추정하였을 경우, 매년 540여명 정도의 증가가 예상된다. 결과적으로 1,251명의 공급 기술인력은 현재 조경산업체에서 필요로하는 540여명의 기술인력에 비하여 약 2.3배 정도에 해당하는 수치이다. 즉 조경분야에서는 공급인력의 초과를 충분히 예상할 수 있으며, 적절한 통제를 통하여 수요에 대응할 수 있는 인력공급계획이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 올바른 인력수급체계가 갖춰지지 못한다면, 앞으로도 기술인력에 대한 공급과 업체에서의 수요 불균형으로, 조경 인력에 대한 경쟁력이 저하될 수밖에 없을 것이다. 또한 학 경력 인정기술자 제도의 폐지로 자격증에 대한 수요가 더욱 가속화될 것으로 예상되는 시점에서 각 교육기관에서는 해당 인력에 대한 자격요건을 충분히 갖춘 후에 졸업시킬 수 있는 경쟁력 있는 인재양성 방안을 좀 더 적극적으로 강구하여야 할 것이다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2020

대학생은 학교 내에서 배운 이론적인 지식을 바탕으로 한 가지 분야에서 전문성을 키우는 과정을 거치게 된다. 이러한 학교생활을 토대로 경력 개발의 방향은 과거의 취업 중심의 형태에서 벗어나 전 생애에 걸쳐 취업과 창업을 선택하기 위한 업의 전환을 고려하는 형태로 바뀌어가고 있다. 교육의 방향 또한 기존의 지식을 전달받고 암기하는 형식 학습에서 보다 자율적이면서 학습자의 적극적인 참여를 중심으로 하는 무형식학습과 팀 기반 학습의 필요성이 더욱 강조되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 대학생의 무형식학습 활동이 구직능력과 창업의도에 영향을 미치는지 확인하고자 한다. 이를 통하여 기존의 취업역량에만 연결시켜왔던 연구에 창업을 더함으로써 새로운 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 또한, 기업 및 교육 현장의 팀워크가 중요해짐에 따라 팀 기반학습 만족도에 따라 무형식학습 활동이 구직능력과 창업의도에 어떠한 영향력을 보이는지도 함께 살펴보았다. 연구결과의 요약은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학생의 무형식학습은 구직능력에 유의한 영향을 미치지만 창업의도에는 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 구직능력은 대학생의 무형식학습과 창업의도를 완전매개하였다. 셋째, 팀 기반 학습의 만족도는 대학생의 무형식학습에 따른 구직능력에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못했으나 구직능력과 창업의도 사이에는 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이 연구는 대학 내 구직능력과 창업의도를 높이기 위해 무형식학습이 필요하며, 이 과정에서 만족도 높은 팀 기반 학습을 진행하는 것이 중요함을 시사하고 있다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyse the state of the energy industry and to determine the efficiency of its functioning on the basis of energy conservation principle and application of innovative technologies aimed at improving the ecological modernisation of agricultural sectors of Kazakhstan. The research methodology is based on an integrated approach of financial and economic evaluation of the effectiveness of the investment project, based on calculation of elasticity, total costs and profitability, as well as on comparative, graphical and system analysis. The current stage is characterised by widely spread restructuring processes of electric power industry in many countries through introduction of new technical installations of energy facilities and increased government regulation in order to enhance the competitive advantage of electricity market. Electric power industry features a considerable value of creating areas. For example, by providing scientific and technical progress, it crucially affects not only the development but also the territorial organisation of productive forces, first of all the industry. In modern life, more than 90% of electricity and heat is obtained by Kazakhstan's economy by consuming non-renewable energy resources: different types of coal, oil shale, oil, natural gas and peat. Therefore, it is significant to ensure energy security, as the country faces a rapid fall back to mono-gas structure of fuel and energy balance. However, energy resources in Kazakhstan are spread very unevenly. Its main supplies are concentrated in northern and central parts of the republic, and the majority of consumers of electrical power live in the southern and western areas of the country. However, energy plays an important role in the economy of industrial production and to a large extent determines the level of competitive advantage, which is a promising condition for implementation of energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies. In these circumstances, issues of modernisation and reforms of this sector in Kazakhstan gain more and more importance, which can be seen in the example of economically sustainable solutions of a large local monopoly company, significant savings in capital investment and efficiency of implementation of an investment project. A major disadvantage of development of electricity distribution companies is the prevalence of very high moral and physical amortisation of equipment, reaching almost 70-80%, which significantly increases the operating costs. For example, while an investment of 12 billion tenge was planned in 2009 in this branch, in 2012 it is planned to invest more than 17 billion. Obviously, despite the absolute increase, the rate of investment is still quite low, as the total demand in this area is at least more than 250 billion tenge. In addition, industrial infrastructure, including the objects of Kazakhstan electric power industry, have a tangible adverse impact on the environment. Thus, since there is a large number of various power projects that are sources of electromagnetic radiation, the environment is deteriorated. Hence, there is a need to optimise the efficiency of the organisation and management of production activities of energy companies, to create and implement new technologies, to ensure safe production and provide solutions to various environmental aspects. These are key strategic factors to ensure success of the modern energy sector of Kazakhstan. The contribution of authors in developing the scope of this subject is explained by the fact that there was not enough research in the energy sector, especially in the view of ecological modernisation. This work differs from similar works in Kazakhstan in the way that the proposed method of investment project calculation takes into account the time factor, which compares the current and future value of profit from the implementation of innovative equipment that helps to bring it to actual practise. The feasibility of writing this article lies in the need of forming a public policy in the industrial sector, including optimising the structure of energy disbursing rate, which complies with the terms of future modernised development of the domestic energy sector.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2000년도 7월 학술대회지
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• pp.235-240
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• 2000

In the age of global communication, more human exchange is extended at the grass-roots level. In the old days, language policy and language planning was based on one nation-state with one language. But high waves of globalizaiton have allowed extended human flow of exchange beyond one's national border on a daily basis. Under such circumstances, homogeneity in Japan may not allow Japanese to speak and communicate only in Japanese and only with Japanese people. In Japan, an advisory report was made to the Ministry of Education in June 1996 about what education should be like in the 21st century. In this report, an introduction of English at public elementary schools was for the first time made. A basic policy of English instruction at the elementary school level was revealed. With this concept, English instruction is not required at the elementary school level but each school has their own choice of introducing English as their curriculum starting April 2002. As Baker, Colin (1996) indicates the age of three as being the threshold diving a child becoming bilingual naturally or by formal instruction. Threre is a movement towards making second language acquisition more naturalistic in an educational setting, developing communicative competence in a more or less formal way. From the lesson of the Canadian immersion success, Genesee (1987) stresses the importance of early language instruction. It is clear that from a psycho-linguistic perspective, most children acquire basic communication skills in their first language apparently effortlessly and without systematic and formal instruction during the first six or seven years of life. This innate capacity diminishes with age, thereby making language learning increasingly difficult. The author, being a returnee, experienced considerable difficulty acquiring L2, and especially achieving native-like competence. There will be many hurdles to conquer until Japanese students are able to reach at least a communicative level in English. It has been mentioned that English is not taught to clear the college entrance examination, but to communicate. However, Japanese college entrance examination still makes students focus more on the grammar-translation method. This is expected to shift to a more communication stressed approach. Japan does not have to aim at becoming an official bilingual country, but at least communicative English should be taught at every level in school Mito College is a small two-year co-ed college in Japan. Students at Mito College are basically notgood at English. It has only one department for business and economics, and English is required for all freshmen. It is necessary for me to make my classes enjoyable and attractive so that students can at least get motivated to learn English. My major target is communicative English so that students may be prepared to use English in various business settings. As an experiment to introduce more communicative English, the author has made the following syllabus design. This program aims at training students speak and enjoy English. 90-minute class (only 190-minute session per week is most common in Japanese colleges) is divided into two: The first half is to train students orally using Graded Direct Method. The latter half uses different materials each time so that students can learn and enjoy English culture and language simultaneously. There are no quizes or examinations in my one-academic year program. However, all students are required to make an original English poem by the end of the spring semester. 2-6 students work together in a group on one poem. Students coming to Mito College, Japan have one of the lowest English levels in all of Japan. However, an attached example of one poem made by a group shows that students can improve their creativity as long as they are kept encouraged. At the end of the fall semester, all students are then required individually to make a 3-minute original English speech. An example of that speech contest will be presented at the Convention in Seoul.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.57-81
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• 2008

Knowledge is an essential strategic weapon for sustaining competitive advantage and is the key determinant for organizational growth. When knowledge is shared and disseminated throughout the organization, it increases an organization's value by providing the ability to respond to new and unusual situations. The growing importance of knowledge as a critical resource has forced executives to pay attention to their organizational knowledge. Organizations are increasingly undertaking knowledge management initiatives and making significant investments. Knowledge sourcing is considered as the first important step in effective knowledge management. Most firms continue to make an effort to realize the benefits of knowledge management by using various knowledge sources effectively. Appropriate knowledge sourcing strategies enable organizations to create, acquire, and access knowledge in a timely manner by reducing search and transfer costs, which result in better firm performance. In response, the knowledge management literature has devoted substantial attention to the analysis of knowledge sourcing strategies. Many studies have categorized knowledge sourcing strategies into intemal- and external-oriented. Internal-oriented sourcing strategy attempts to increase firm performance by integrating knowledge within the boundary of the firm. On the contrary, external-oriented strategy attempts to bring knowledge in from outside sources via either acquisition or imitation, and then to transfer that knowledge across to the organization. However, the extant literature on knowledge sourcing strategies focuses primarily on large organizations. Although many studies have clearly highlighted major differences between large and small firms and the need to adopt different strategies for different firm sizes, scant attention has been given to analyzing how knowledge sourcing strategies affect firm performance in small firms and what are the differences between small and large firms in the patterns of knowledge sourcing strategies adoption. This study attempts to advance the current literature by examining the impact of knowledge sourcing strategies on small firm performance from a holistic perspective. By drawing on knowledge based theory from organization science and complementarity theory from the economics literature, this paper is motivated by the following questions: (1) what are the adoption patterns of different knowledge sourcing strategies in small firms (i,e., what sourcing strategies should be adopted and which sourcing strategies work well together in small firms)?; and (2) what are the performance implications of these adoption patterns? In order to answer the questions, this study developed three hypotheses. First hypothesis based on knowledge based theory is that internal-oriented knowledge sourcing is positively associated with small firm performance. Second hypothesis developed on the basis of knowledge based theory is that external-oriented knowledge sourcing is positively associated with small firm performance. The third one based on complementarity theory is that pursuing both internal- and external-oriented knowledge sourcing simultaneously is negatively or less positively associated with small firm performance. As a sampling frame, 700 firms were identified from the Annual Corporation Report in Korea. Survey questionnaires were mailed to owners or executives who were most erudite about the firm s knowledge sourcing strategies and performance. A total of 188 companies replied, yielding a response rate of 26.8%. Due to incomplete data, 12 responses were eliminated, leaving 176 responses for the final analysis. Since all independent variables were measured using continuous variables, supermodularity function was used to test the hypotheses based on the cross partial derivative of payoff function. The results indicated no significant impact of internal-oriented sourcing strategies while positive impact of external-oriented sourcing strategy on small firm performance. This intriguing result could be explained on the basis of various resource and capital constraints of small firms. Small firms typically have restricted financial and human resources. They do not have enough assets to always develop knowledge internally. Another possible explanation is competency traps or core rigidities. Building up a knowledge base based on internal knowledge creates core competences, but at the same time, excessive internal focused knowledge exploration leads to behaviors blind to other knowledge. Interestingly, this study found that Internal- and external-oriented knowledge sourcing strategies had a substitutive relationship, which was inconsistent with previous studies that suggested complementary relationship between them. This result might be explained using organizational identification theory. Internal organizational members may perceive external knowledge as a threat, and tend to ignore knowledge from external sources because they prefer to maintain their own knowledge, legitimacy, and homogeneous attitudes. Therefore, integrating knowledge from internal and external sources might not be effective, resulting in failure of improvements of firm performance. Another possible explanation is small firms resource and capital constraints and lack of management expertise and absorptive capacity. Although the integration of different knowledge sources is critical, high levels of knowledge sourcing in many areas are quite expensive and so are often unrealistic for small enterprises. This study provides several implications for research as well as practice. First this study extends the existing knowledge by examining the substitutability (and complementarity) of knowledge sourcing strategies. Most prior studies have tended to investigate the independent effects of these strategies on performance without considering their combined impacts. Furthermore, this study tests complementarity based on the productivity approach that has been considered as a definitive test method for complementarity. Second, this study sheds new light on knowledge management research by identifying the relationship between knowledge sourcing strategies and small firm performance. Most current literature has insisted complementary relationship between knowledge sourcing strategies on the basis of data from large firms. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, this study identifies substitutive relationship between knowledge sourcing strategies using data from small firms. Third, implications for practice highlight that managers of small firms should focus on knowledge sourcing from external-oriented strategies. Moreover, adoption of both sourcing strategies simultaneousiy impedes small firm performance.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.197-227
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• 2005

Heojun was the top scientist on Medicine in the 16th and 17th centuries and wrote the Dongeubogam describing the top-level medical theory and technology. So far, his outlook on nature has been disregarded even though his medicine is still effective. Through this study, I would like to know if his outlook on nature as well as his medicine is still effective. The conclusions are as follows: 1. According to his output, the origin of the universe started from the spinning of One Gi(一氣) which is quite different from Hawking's theory. Hawking assumed that the origin of the universe started from the Big-bang and will end to the Big-crunch. However, the current report on the origin of a star is quite similar to Heojun's theory and we acknowledge that his view on the origin of the universe is still effective. 2. According to his output, the universe repeats expanding and contracting forever while Hawking assumed it will come to the end, the Big-crunch, based on the expanding universe theory. Some scientists assists that Hawking's assumption should have some contradictions. Now, we acknowledge that Heojun's universal cycling theory which corresponds with modern physical theories is still effective, which would lead to a new environmental movement. 3. His view on the structure of the universe is quite different from the output of the current science, which results from his thought that the nature should be reviewed from the point of human's view. His view on the structure will be able to be updated based on the output of the current science. 4. The universe analogy started from the East Asian area as well as the Greek and Roman area in the ancient. The idea has disappeared since the scientific revolution era in the West while the idea has been deepened and abundant in the East and has become one of the major philosophical bases. Heojun emphasized its importance from the beginning of his book. 5. The nation analogy has been popular all times and places. According to his output, governing a country is like controlling one's body. 6. According to Needham's output, the universe analogy and the nation analogy were based on the ancient developed alchemy. And Harper assumed that Taiosm was based on the macrobiotic hygiene which was developed by the ancient developed alchemists. We acknowledge that xian(仙) cult, macrobiotic hygiene, medicine, alchemy and the ancient philosophy started from our ancients. Heojun's output restored our ancient tradition by combining the macrobiotic hygiene and philosophy with medicine. 7. Roughly predicting yearly weather would be unacceptable by the current scientist but Heojun's yearly weather forecast is still used in the clinic and seems effective to prepare from any epidemic disease. 8. 'Day and Night' and Four seasons are the most important factors to the macrobiotic hygiene according to the Dongeubogam. The new environmental movements should be based on the most important factors, otherwise the human beings as well as the environment would fail to survive. 9. Wind, Coldness, Heat, Humidity, Dryness and Fire represents weather. The six weather factors represent one of six phases of a year which is decided by the areal factors. Heojun preferred the six factors generated in the body itself to them from the outside. He thought a human being was a universe and the six factors generated in the body responded to the factors of the outside. 10. According to his output, Heat and Humidity are the most important factors which make a human being ill. 11. Life span, disease, food, and dwelling are dependent upon the geographical feature, according to Heojun's output. In addition, one's appearance and his five viscera and the six entrails depend on the food as well as the geographical feature. 12. Heath is related with the environment and they effects upon each other. If one is weak, he will be deeply effected by the nature. On the other hand, if one is strong, he will effect on the nature. That's why people live together. 13. According to Heojun's work, the society is an important factor comprising the environment. During a peaceful era, the society becomes stable and human beings are stable as well while they will be on fire during a chaotic era. 14. Medicine deals with human beings who live in the nature, so any medical book cannot be excellent unless it has any description on the nature. Heojun's outlook on the nature turned out to be logical and suitable even from the point of the current view and it is still effective as if his clinical knowledge and technology are still effective. Something unsuitable may be substituted with the output of the current science.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.333-345
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• 2003

We conducted a survey on Japanese women's consciousness of food culture and their traditional food consumption by self filling-out questionnaire during January, 2000 for the period of a month, For the survey we selected 250 women residing in Kyoto, Japan. For the statistic work we used SAS package system, and t-test, $\cal{X}^2-test$ and Duncan's multiple range test were also used to verify the results significance. The purpose of this survey lies in gathering a basic data on the comparative direction of Korean and Japanese women's food culture in the future 1. Comparing the preferred food purchase place, In case of Korean women, traditional market was comparatively more preferred while Japanese women relatively preferred convenience store (p<0.001). 2. In case of Japanese women, they answered there is no difference from ordinary days on New Year's Day (71%) and Christmas (40%) while 38% answered they prepare food at home. 40% said they prepare food on parents-in-law's birthday, and 41% said no difference from ordinary days. 52% said they prepare food at home on husband's birthday. For their own birthday, 32% said yes to preparing food at home while 45% said no difference and 22.3% said eating out. For children's birthday 65% said preparing at home, 16.3% said no difference and 14.9% said eating out. 3. Comparing the conception on traditional food, Korean women answered 'complicated' (77%) most while 'simple' (5%) least, which indicates their demands for simplified recipes. In case of Japanese women, 'complicated' (44%) was most while 'scientific' (6%) was least which indicates their demands for scientific way of recipes. There were differences shown by age (p<0.001) and the older the more said 'simple' or 'logical' (p<0.01). 4. As the reason for the complicity of traditional food recipes, Koreans said 'too many hand skill' (60%) most while 'too many spices' (8%) least. For Japanese, 'various kind of the recipe' (55%) was most while 'too many hand skill' (7%) was least. There were significant differences shown by academic background (p<0.01) and income(p<0.01), and the lower the academic background, the more said 'too many spices' as the reason for the complicity in making traditional food. Generally, the lesser the income, the more tendency to say 'various kinds of the recipe'. 5. In case of Koreans, 'the recipe is difficult' (56%) was high while 'uninterested' (9%) was low in answer which showed differences by academic background (p<0.05), and in case of Japanese, 'no time to cook' (44%) was high while 'uninterested' (7%) was low. 6. The following is the reasons for choosing traditional food as a snack for children. In case of Koreans, they answered as 'traditional food' (34%), 'made from nutrious and quality materials' (27%), 'for education' (22%) and 'suites their taste' (17%) revealing 'traditional food' is highest. In case of Japanese, it was revealed in the order of 'made from nutrious and quality materials' (36.3%), 'traditional food' (25.2%), 'suites their taste' (22.6%), 'for education' (12.8%) and 7. Comparing the most important thing for the popularization of traditional food in the world, Koreans answered 'taste and nutrition' (45%) most while 'shape and color' (6%) least. In case of Japanese, 'taste and nutrition' (75%) was answered most while 'hygienic packaging' (4%) was least. Both considered 'taste and nutrition' as most important thing for the popularization of traditional food in the world. 8. In case of Koreans, they answered they learn how to make traditional food 'from mother' (47%), 'media' (18%), 'school' (15%), 'from mother-in-law' (14%), 'private cooking school' (4%) and 'close acquaintances' (2%). In case of Japanese, they said mostly learn 'from mother', but it was also shown that the lower the academic background the lesser the tendency of learning 'from mother' but 'from school' (p<0.001). 9. About the consumption of traditional fermented food, Koreans said they make kimchi (90%), pickled vegetables (39%), soy sauce (33%), bean paste (38%), salted fishery (12%) and traditional liquors (14%) at home while 67% for salted fishery and 48% for traditional liquors answered they buy rather than making at home. On the other hand, Japanese answered they mostly buy kimchi (60%), soy sauce (96%), bean paste(91%), natto(92%), salt fermented fish foods (77%) and traditional alcoholic beverage (88%) to eat. This difference was shown very distinct between Korean and Japanese women (p<0.001). 10. About the most important thing in food, Koreans answered in the order of 'liking and satisfaction' (33%), 'for health' (32%), 'for relieve hunger' (18%) and 'convenience' (17%). In case of Japanese, it was revealed in the order of 'for health' (61%), 'liking and satisfaction' (20%), 'to relieve hunger' (16%) and 'convenience' (3%). This shows that Japanese women take comparably more importance to health than Korean women. The conception of food was shown different between Korean and Japanese women (p<0.001), and Koreans showed level 4-5 of food culture while Japanese showed level 5.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-162
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• 1980

The Design Society of Korea. It is our urgent task that we should map out our detailed guiedlines for the improvement of export-oriented industries and of the design of export goods in preparation for our export goal of $30 billion in the upcoming 1980s. The government, university design researchers, and most entrepreneurs have confronted diverse kinds of racking issues: how much do most export industries take advantage of the indus-trial design for the improvement of the quality of export goods\ulcorner, structural defects of most export industries, chronic and vicious cycle of overlooking the value of the industrial design in the process of manufacturing export goods and etc. In other words, the recent trend of slighting the industrial design is to speed up the sales of only unsophisticated goods on the international markets. Although Koreans have been plagued by scantiness of natural resources under these circumstances, most Korean people have showed off their strong will for today's growth. Furthermore, most exporters should do their best to sweep overseas markets by manufacturing sophisticated goods outranking those commodi-ties made by the United States, Japan, West Germany and the other developed countries. In this respect, we have to make our best efforts for the expensive application and practical use of the industrial design, one of the comprehensive sciences, in the face of the hard realities and conditions which we have confronted until now. For example, it can be attributed to the practical application of the industrial design that the neighboring Japan, West Germany, France, the United Kingdom in Europe, and the United States in North America have formulated a highly advan-ced cultural zone and braced up for their own trade protection-ism and tightened their embargoes on EEC goods. Unless any export goods take the best advantage of the industrial design, one of the behavioral sciences capable of satisfying the material mental needs of modern men and of promoting cultural growth, I am convinced that they will not infiltrate into any countries that have enjoyed their own highly cultural lives. It is absolutely important that most Korean universities, state-run, private corporations and research institutes should work out the improvement strategy for the development and practical use of the industrial design as will as the revision of the present curricula of the departments of design. However, most design researchers have come to grips with several difficult problems such as the correlation of export oriented industries and the industrial design and the development of the design of export goods. The improvement of the industrial design is our urgent assignment that we have to solve in the 1980s. Accordimgly, I cannot too much emphasize the value the recognition of the industrial design in our industrial communities because we have never witnessed the prosperity of those countries which have taken little notice of the importance of the industrial design. Hopefully, most entrepreneurs will take much consideration of the value of the industrial design and then can defeat their rival businessmen on the international markets by exporting goods of highly sophisticated design. In this respect, the main purpose of the research paper which this society presented is to underline the fact that the improvement and development of the industrial design is our common assignment to be studied from the viewpoints of national dimension as well as in conformity with our immediate goal for the export-oriented prosperity of state. In conclusion, I would like to highlight the fact that our export goods shall be continually developed in pace with the correlative improvement of the indudtrial design so as to pave the way for their bright prospect and to enhance their best impression of the first-class goods on the international markets.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2011

목적: 본 연구는 서울시 노원구 주민을 대상으로 자신의 인생회고 및 품위 있는 죽음에 대한 인식 정도를 파악하고자 수행되었다. 방법: 본 연구는 서울시 노원구에 거주하는 40대 이상 성인을 대상으로 설문에 참여할 것을 서면 동의한 160명의 자료가 분석되었다. 본 연구팀에 의해 개발된 설문지는 내용타당도 검증절차를 통해 일부 문항이 수정되었으며, 설문내용은 총 28문항이었다. 수집된 자료는 서술적 통계방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 대상자들이 가장 힘들었다고 회고하는 연령대는 30~40대였고 반면 가장 보람되었다고 생각하는 기간도 30~40대였다. 가장 힘든 인생고비경험에서, 개인적으로는 가족이 건강을 잃었을 때, 부부 및 자녀와의 갈등이 가장 힘들었던 사건으로 회고하고 있었고, 가장 힘들었던 사회관계는 삶에 대한 상실감 경험, 실패, 친척 및 친구의 배신 등 이었으며, 가장 보람되었다고 회고하는 내용에서, 개인적 사건은 목표성취, 인생의 역경 극복이었고, 가족관계에서는 자녀로 인한 즐거움이 월등히 높았고, 사회관계에서는 직업을 통한 사회공헌, 봉사활동, 성실한 종교생활이었다. 가장 후회하는 삶의 경험에는, 자신의 삶에서는 목적 없이 바쁘게만 살아온 것, 여유 있는 시간을 갖지 못한 것이었고, 부모형제관계에서는 부모의 뜻을 잘 살피지 못하고 많은 시간을 갖지 못한 것과 형제들과 불화이었으며, 자녀와의 관계에서는 올바로 훈육하지 못한 것과, 사랑을 많이 주지 못한 것이었다. 직장 및 사회관계에서는 원하는 직업을 갖지 못한 것과 관계보다는 일 중심으로 살아온 것과 대인관계 기술부족이 두드러진 회고내용이었으며 건강에 관해서는 운동이 부족한 점 등이었다. 대상자들이 인식하고 있는 임종과 죽음준비에 대한 내용으로, 약 60%에서 자신의 종교에 대한 강한 믿음을 가지고 있었고, 약 50%에서 종교에 따른 내세관을 소유하고 있었다. 무의미한 연명치료로 생명을 연장하는 상황에 처했을 경우, 약 87% 이상에서 본인 및 가족의 경우 모두 무의미한 연명치료 중단 의사를 가지고 있었으며, 불치의 질병인 경우 진단을 정확히 말해주기 원함, 유언장 및 사전의료의향서 작성하기 원함이 4점 척도 중 약 3.1점 이상으로 높게 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구결과를 토대로 중 노년층을 위한 죽음 준비교육 내용 중 인생회고 시간에서는 과거의 경험을 후회하는 사건이 아닌 일어난 사실 그대로 받아들이며 자신의 삶으로 통합하도록 돕는 기회가 주어져야 하며, 사전의료의향서를 작성함으로 연명치료 중단, 심폐소생술 금지, 임종 장소 등 자기결정권이 부여되는 품위 있는 죽음을 준비할 수 있도록 하는 수요자 중심의 죽음 준비교육을 제공해야 하겠다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.139-167
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• 2009

본 논문은 65세 이상 고령인구의 수와 노인들의 건강상태 등만을 중심으로 한 기존의 연구에 더하여, 노인장기요양보험제도 제2차 시범사업의 자료를 이용한 계량분석을 통해 장기요양서비스 수요의 결정요인을 분석하였다. 분석 결과에 따르면, 우선 노인장기요양보험제도상 장기요양서비스 이용에 대한 보험 적용 대상자를 정하는 등급판정에 일상생활활동에서의 장애가 노인들이 많이 앓고 있는 고혈압, 관절염, 치매 등의 질환을 통제하고서도 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 노인들의 건강상태, 여성, 기초생활수급자 여부, 노인가구 형태, 노인가구의 월평균 소득 등이 장기요양서비스이용 및 이용 양태에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 노인가구의 월평균 소득을 통제하고서도 장기요양서비스를 무료로 이용할 수 있는 기초생활수급 대상 노인들의 재가서비스 이용확률이 높게 나타나는데, 이는 소득과 더불어 장기요양서비스의 가격도 장기요양서비스 이용을 결정하는 중요한 요인임을 의미한다.