• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.3-25
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• 2015

This paper reflects on the relationship between postcolonial criticism (PC) and Southeast Asian Studies. The emphasis is on the apparent premature retreat from PC as well as its unfulfilled promises and persistent pitfalls. I argue that it is premature to abandon PC because it remains relevant, even essential, in the context of the much ballyhooed age of "knowledge economy" or "information society." There is a need to take another look at its promises and to work towards fulfilling them, but at the same time be conscious of its persistent problems.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.165-182
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• 2021

In nowadays, Covid-19 has transformed patterns of consumers' behavior into a non-face-to-face mode. As the patterns of consumption have been digitalized, it has become a daily routine for consumers who perform so-called shadow work, which involves unpaid jobs that they have to do by themselves. In mobile grocery service context, consumers' shadow work could lead to shopping avoidance as well as switching toward other shopping channels. Thus, this study is to examine how consumers' perception of shadow work affect mobile shopping avoidance and switching intention toward other shopping channels. This study collected 283 survey data from online respondents who have experience on subscription services for ordering groceries in online. We also tested our research model by using partial least squares. Based on our results, this study has found that the perception of shadow work had a positive effect on mobile shopping avoidance as well as switching intention. We expect that our findings could contribute to relevant research on shadow work and suggest practical implications for digital platforms dealing with subscription business models

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.2
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• pp.27-48
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• 2004

Robert Rauschenberg's artistic career has often been regarded as having reached its culmination when the artist won the first prize at the 1964 Venice Biennale. With this victory, Rauschenberg triumphantly entered the pantheon of all-American artists and firmly secured his position in the history of American art. On the other hand, despite the artist's ongoing new experiments in his art, the seemingly precocious ripeness in his career has led the critical discourses on Rauschenberg's art to the artist's early works, most of which were done in the mid-1950s and the 1960s. The crux of Rauschenberg criticism lies not only in focusing on the artist's 50's and 60's works, but also in its large dismissal of the significance of the imagery that the artist employed in his works. As art historians Roger Cranshaw and Adrian Lewis point out, the critical discourse of Rauschenberg either focuses on the formalist concerns on the picture plane, or relies on the "culturalist" interpretation of Rauschenberg's imagery which emphasizes the artist's "Americanness." Recently, a group of art historians centered around October has applied Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotics as art historical methodology and illuminated the indexical aspects of Rauschenberg's work. The semantic inquiry into Rauschenberg's imagery has also been launched by some art historians who seek the clues in the artist's personal context. The first half of this essay will examine the previous criticism on Rauschenberg's art and the other half will discuss the artist's 1955 work Rebus, which I think intersects various critical concerns of Rauschenberg's work, and yet defies the closure of discourses in one direction. The categories of signs in the semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce and the discourse of Jean-Francois Lyotard will be used in discussing the meanings of Rebus, not to search for the semantic readings of the work, hut to make an analogy in terms of the paradoxical structures of both the work and the theory. The definitions of rebus is as follows: Rebus 1. a representation or words or syllables by pictures of object or by symbols whose names resemble the intended words or syllables in sound; also: a riddle made up wholly or in part of such pictures or symbols. 2. a badge that suggests the name of the person to whom it belongs. Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged. Since its creation in 1955, Robert Rauschenberg's Rebus has been one of the most intriguing works in the artist's oeuvre. This monumental 'combine' painting($6feet{\times}10feet$ 10.5 inches) consists of three panels covered with fabric, paper, newspaper, and printed reproductions. On top of these, oil paints, pencil and crayon drawings connect each section into a whole. The layout of the images is overall horizontal. Starting from a torn election poster, which is partially read as "THAT REPRE," on the far left side of the painting. Rebus leads us to proceed from the left to the right, the typical direction of reading in a Western context. Along with its seemingly proper title. Rebus, the painting has triggered many art historians to seek some semantic readings of it. These art historians painstakingly reconstruct the iconography based on the artist's interviews, (auto)biography, and artistic context of his works. The interpretation of Rebus varies from a 'image-by-image' collation with a word to a more general commentary on Rauschenberg's work overall, such as a work that "bridges between art and life." Despite the title's allusion to the legitimate purpose of the painting as a decoding of the imagery into sound, Rebus, I argue, actually hinders a reading of it. By reading through Peirce to Rauschenberg, I will delve into the subtle anxiety between words and images in their works. And on this basis, I suggest Rauschenberg's strategy in playing Rebus is to hide the meaning of the imagery rather than to disclose it.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.915-926
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• 2020

Outlier detection methods help one to identify unusual instances in data that may correspond to erroneous, exceptional, or surprising events or behaviors. This work studies conditional outlier detection, a special instance of the outlier detection problem, in the context of incorrect data label identification. Unlike conventional (unconditional) outlier detection methods that seek abnormalities across all data attributes, conditional outlier detection assumes data are given in pairs of input (condition) and output (response or label). Accordingly, the goal of conditional outlier detection is to identify incorrect or unusual output assignments considering their input as condition. As a solution to conditional outlier detection, this paper proposes the ratio-based outlier scoring (ROS) approach and its variant. The propose solutions work by adopting conventional outlier scores and are able to apply them to identify conditional outliers in data. Experiments on synthetic and real-world image datasets are conducted to demonstrate the benefits and advantages of the proposed approaches.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.519-539
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• 2015

Customers are now demanding ever better service from customer service representatives (CSRs) to create superior customer service. Accordingly, CSRs are required to have more specialized knowledge and abilities of customer service. This study examines the roles of accumulated customer knowledge in electronic knowledge repositories (EKRs), which a firm has developed for customer service over time to enhance CSRs' work capabilities and work performance, in the context of call centers. To test the proposed research model and hypotheses, we conducted LISREL analysis using 261 responses collected on CSRs working for inbound call centers. The key results are as follows. First, accumulated customer knowledge in EKRs enhances CSRs' knowledge utilization and service expertise during the customer contact. Second, CSRs' knowledge utilization reinforces service expertise. Finally, service quality depends on CSRs' knowledge utilization and service expertise, but it is not directly related to accumulated customer knowledge. Overall, the findings suggest that accumulated customer knowledge in EKRs enhances CSRs' knowledge utilization and service expertise, and thereby leading to superior service quality.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.32
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• pp.13-20
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• 2002

This study is purposed to find fundamental characteristics in Grassi's architecture which has architectural principles in architecture itself and in the general frame of the historical facts of architecture. His architectural theories can be explained for rationality, historicity, universality. The method of architectural composition can be divided into urban morphological characteristic and compositional characteristic of architecture. The characteristics of the former are the reconstruction of the urban structure by the readjustment of an urban axis which is based on historical continuity of the city, the open court which is a passage transformed from colonnade that is the historical vernacular type and the respect for the city-line which goes with historical context. The characteristics of the latter are the use transformed of nine square which gives consideration to centrality and typology at the same time and the hierarchic division of the principal space and the subordinate space for the functional typical purpose. This analysis shows that Grassi's architecture is on the base of historical continuity and urban reality and for him architectural work is mental work which conflict with the real world for the reconstruction of the city.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.533-545
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• 2022

Collection of data on several variables, especially in the field of medicine, results in the problem of measurement errors. The presence of such measurement errors may influence the outcomes or estimates of the parameter in the model. In classification scenario, the presence of measurement errors will affect the intrinsic cum summary measures of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. In the context of ROC curve, only a few researchers have attempted to study the problem of measurement errors in estimating the area under their respective ROC curves in the framework of univariate setup. In this paper, we work on the estimation of area under the multivariate ROC curve in the presence of measurement errors. The proposed work is supported with a real dataset and simulation studies. Results show that the proposed bias-corrected estimator helps in correcting the AUC with minimum bias and minimum mean square error.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2022

The impact of programming languages in the research sector has helped lot of researchers to broaden their view and extend their work without any limitation. More importantly, even the complex problems can be solved in no matter of time while converting them into a programming language. This convenience provides upper hand for the researchers as it places them in a comfort zone where they can work without much stress. With this context, we have converted the research problems in Topology into programming language with the help of Python. In this paper, we have developed a Python program to find the weaker form of closed sets namely alpha closed set, semi closed set, pre closed set, beta closed set and regular closed set.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.71-87
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• 2013

Companies as well as the Korean government show growing attention to the Smart Work which is enabled by the ongoing development of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Smart Work can be regarded as an extended version of telecommuting or distance work and defined as "working efficiently and conveniently regardless of time and place utilizing ICTs." Smart Work currently puts its emphasis on the work and life balance by changing the ways of working. Despite its emphasis on work and life balance, it is expected the boundaries between work and nonwork would blur, work and nonwork boundaries may become more permeable, and role conflicts would occur more times than before. To find ways to enhance work and life balance while escaping from expected conflicts in the context of Smart Work, we investigate the work and nonwork boundary strengths and the factors affecting them. In the course, we consider asymmetries between the work and nonwork boundary strengths and bidirectional nature of work and nonwork permeability. We develop two research models having work and nonwork boundary strengths as respective dependent variables. We empirically found that work role identification and nonwork-to-work permeability had influences on the boundary strength at work and that work-to-nonwork permeability affected the boundary strength at nonwork. However, nonwork role identification did not show any significant influence on the boundary strength at nonwork.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.117-137
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• 2009

Recently, intelligent traffic information systems have enabled people to forecast traffic conditions before hitting the road. These convenient systems operate on the basis of data reflecting current road and traffic conditions as well as distance-based data between locations. Thanks to the rapid development of ubiquitous computing, tremendous context data have become readily available making vehicle route planning easier than ever. Previous research in relation to optimization of vehicle route planning merely focused on finding the optimal distance between locations. Contexts reflecting the road and traffic conditions were then not seriously treated as a way to resolve the optimal routing problems based on distance-based route planning, because this kind of information does not have much significant impact on traffic routing until a a complex traffic situation arises. Further, it was also not easy to take into full account the traffic contexts for resolving optimal routing problems because predicting the dynamic traffic situations was regarded a daunting task. However, with rapid increase in traffic complexity the importance of developing contexts reflecting data related to moving costs has emerged. Hence, this research proposes a framework designed to resolve an optimal route planning problem by taking full account of additional moving cost such as road traffic cost and weather cost, among others. Recent technological development particularly in the ubiquitous computing environment has facilitated the collection of such data. This framework is based on the contexts of time, traffic, and environment, which addresses the following issues. First, we clarify and classify the diverse contexts that affect a vehicle's velocity and estimates the optimization of moving cost based on dynamic programming that accounts for the context cost according to the variance of contexts. Second, the velocity reduction rate is applied to find the optimal route (shortest path) using the context data on the current traffic condition. The velocity reduction rate infers to the degree of possible velocity including moving vehicles' considerable road and traffic contexts, indicating the statistical or experimental data. Knowledge generated in this papercan be referenced by several organizations which deal with road and traffic data. Third, in experimentation, we evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed context-based optimal route (shortest path) between locations by comparing it to the previously used distance-based shortest path. A vehicles' optimal route might change due to its diverse velocity caused by unexpected but potential dynamic situations depending on the road condition. This study includes such context variables as 'road congestion', 'work', 'accident', and 'weather' which can alter the traffic condition. The contexts can affect moving vehicle's velocity on the road. Since these context variables except for 'weather' are related to road conditions, relevant data were provided by the Korea Expressway Corporation. The 'weather'-related data were attained from the Korea Meteorological Administration. The aware contexts are classified contexts causing reduction of vehicles' velocity which determines the velocity reduction rate. To find the optimal route (shortest path), we introduced the velocity reduction rate in the context for calculating a vehicle's velocity reflecting composite contexts when one event synchronizes with another. We then proposed a context-based optimal route (shortest path) algorithm based on the dynamic programming. The algorithm is composed of three steps. In the first initialization step, departure and destination locations are given, and the path step is initialized as 0. In the second step, moving costs including composite contexts into account between locations on path are estimated using the velocity reduction rate by context as increasing path steps. In the third step, the optimal route (shortest path) is retrieved through back-tracking. In the provided research model, we designed a framework to account for context awareness, moving cost estimation (taking both composite and single contexts into account), and optimal route (shortest path) algorithm (based on dynamic programming). Through illustrative experimentation using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, we proved that context-based route planning is much more effective than distance-based route planning., In addition, we found that the optimal solution (shortest paths) through the distance-based route planning might not be optimized in real situation because road condition is very dynamic and unpredictable while affecting most vehicles' moving costs. For further study, while more information is needed for a more accurate estimation of moving vehicles' costs, this study still stands viable in the applications to reduce moving costs by effective route planning. For instance, it could be applied to deliverers' decision making to enhance their decision satisfaction when they meet unpredictable dynamic situations in moving vehicles on the road. Overall, we conclude that taking into account the contexts as a part of costs is a meaningful and sensible approach to in resolving the optimal route problem.