• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.36-64
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• 2019

Introduction The purpose of this study was to review thirty years of studies on psychological characteristics of Sasang types to delineate generalizable psychological theories pertaining Sasang typology. Methods Research articles providing psychometric characteristics of each Sasang types were extracted from five database written in Korean and English. Demographic features of the participants, clinical methods for the Sasang type classification, and psychological characteristics of each Sasang types were reviewed and summarized. Results A total of 59 peer-reviewed research articles were found to be published from 1991 to 2018, and the So-Yang and So-Eum Sasang type showed distinctive and contrasting psychological features. The overlap between Eastern and Western psychology in Behavioral Activation and Inhibition System was highlighted as for personality studies, but the anxiety as a pathological factor was not found distinguishable between Sasang types. Discussion The present systematic review provided insight on psychological perspectives of Sasang typology, and would be useful for establishing unique construct of Korean Psychology.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study is to understand conspicuous features of geroderma with visceral manifestation theory(臟象論). Methods : We categorized skin aging into wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, dry skin and face flush. After investigating the reason, histological changes and mechanism of each classification in western medicine, we interpreted them according to the malfunction of five viscera(五臟) in Korean medicine. Result : The results are as follows. 1. Pathologic change of dermis and subcutaneous fat makes wrinkles. We consider wrinkles as the malfunction of the spleen(脾). 2. Irregular synthesis and disproportion of melanin makes hyperpigmentation. We consider hyperpigmentation as the malfunction of the liver(肝). 3. Dry skin is attributed to a subtle disorder of epidermal maturation. We consider dry skin as the malfunction of the lung(肺). 4. Facial flush is detected in rosacea and menopausal hot flush, which are both related with blood vessel abnormality. We consider facial flush as the malfunction of the heart(心) Conclusion : We interpreted the pathologic changes and mechanism of skin aging in western medicine as the decrease of five viscera(五臟) in visceral manifestation theory(臟象論) of Korean medicine. Further studies are needed to apply these hypothesis to clinical diagnosis and treatment.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.517-521
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• 2013

Background Diabetes is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, which can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The formation of ROS induces oxidative stress and activates oxidative damage-inducing genes in cells. No research has been published on oxidative damage-related extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) protein levels in human diabetic skin. We investigated the expression of EC-SOD in diabetic skin compared with normal skin tissue in vivo. Methods The expression of EC-SOD protein was evaluated by western blotting in 6 diabetic skin tissue samples and 6 normal skin samples. Immunohistochemical staining was also carried out to confirm the EC-SOD expression level in the 6 diabetic skin tissue samples. Results The western blotting showed significantly lower EC-SOD protein expression in the diabetic skin tissue than in the normal tissue. Immunohistochemical examination of EC-SOD protein expression supported the western blotting analysis. Conclusions Diabetic skin tissues express a relatively small amount of EC-SOD protein and may not be protected against oxidative stress. We believe that EC-SOD is related to the altered metabolic state in diabetic skin, which elevates ROS production.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.638-645
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• 2004

Background : Uteroglobin is a protein produced by the normal bronchial epithelium and its expression level is lower in non-small cell lung cancer tissues and cell lines. It mainly functions as an anti-inflammatory, and when it is overexpressed in cancer cells, the neoplastic phenotype is antagonized. cPLA2 and COX-2, which are also associated with inflammation, were reported to be related to cancer. The relationship between cPLA2, COX-2 and uteroglobin is unclear. The relationship between uteroglobin and ERK, which is related to cell growth, is also not unclear. This study investigated the changes in the cPLA2 and COX-2 expression levels and the ERK activities after the overexpression of uteroglobin in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Methods : The A549 and NCI-H460 cell lines were infected by adenovirus-null and adenovirusuteroglobin. The cChange in the cPLA2, COX-2 expression level and ERK activity after uteroglobin overexpression was measured by Western blot. The change in MMP activity was measured by zymography. Results : Western blot revealed decreased expression levels of cPLA2, and COX-2, and increased pERK levels in nonsmall cell lung cancer cells after uteroglobin overexpression. Zymography revealed no changes in the MMP-2 activity and lower MMP-9 activity. U0126, which is a specific inhibitor of ERK-activating kinase MEK-1/-2, prevented the decrease in the MMP-9 activity Conclusions : A decrease in cPLA2 expression, COX-2 expression, MMP-9 activity and a increase in ERK activity may be related to the anticancer effects of uteroglobin in nonsmall cell lung cancer cells.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare the Korean-medical and the Western-medical psychotherapy on PTSD for improving the Korean-medical psychotherapy on this issue. Methods: We surveyed recent articles relating to psychotherapy on the incidence of PTSD. Results: Under the circumstances of this study, we note that applying the qigong therapeutics would be helpful when conducting relaxation training on the identified PTSD patients. We understand that taking a systematic desensitization style in the use of the kyungja-pyungji treatment is recommended. It would also be more effective to combine other treatments such as the use of the I-Jeong-Byeon-Gi Therapy and the five minds mutual restriction therapy. We have shown that by using the five minds mutual restriction therapy for the imagery rescripting has a better a synergy effect for optimum patient outcomes for patients who have been diagnosed with PTSD. Conclusions: Our study has shown that by improving the shortcomings of the Korean psychotherapy and utilizing Western psychotherapy's merits, we expect to increase the efficacy of the Korean psychotherapy with these recommendations for changes in this case.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.126-136
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• 1997

To procide basic data for improvement of oriental medical care system, the questionnaire interview was carried out with community peoples, over 20 years old, selected randomly in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu and Taejon err. from 10th Mar. to 20th Apr. 1996. The result were summarized as follows: 1. In the general characteristics of subjects, the highest portion of each part was 52.4% of male, 22.4% of thirties, 37.1% of college graduates, 19.1% of married, 30.6% of town dwellers, 63.3% of muddle social class, 26.6% of housewife, 19.3% of student, 16.6% officer and 11.6% of professional technician. 2. The portion of subjects agree to open oriental clinic in western medicine hospital was 60.0%, that of disagreement was 20.1%, Among 60.0% of agreement group, the high rate was showed in female, fifties, middle school graduates, unemployed, middle social level. 3. The rate of positive responses in system of a herb specialist was 64.7%, that of negative responses was 11.6%. Among positive responses, the groups of high rate were male. twenties, above college graduates, student, middle-high social level and city dwellers. 4. In the question whether a pack of herb medicine should be included in medical insurance or not, the rate of agreement was 74.3%, that of disagreement was 4.1%. Amount agreement subjects, the high rate was showed in male, young age, high educated, city dwellers, professional technician middle social class. 5. In the cost of oriental medical care, the portion was divided by 70.3% of expensiveness,25.6% of moderate, 4.1% of low price. among 70.3% of high price, the high rate was in female, forties, agrolivestock-fishery, and town dwellers. 6. In the question what the herb doctor should do for the improvement of oriental medicine, the highest rate was 54.2% in further study. The next was 23.0% in need of western medical and 9.1% in no complain in present situation. Among 54.2% of further study, the high rate was showed in male, forties, high school graduate, profession technician, high social level, christian, married and city dwellers. 7. About institution of oriental care, 86.8% of subjects answered to need of improvement, 8.0% of them replied no problem as present. Amount 86.8% of subjects, the high rate was showed in male, twenties, above college graduate, sales, singles, high social level and city dwellers. 8. About necessity of western medical care instrument in oriental medical hospital, the rate of sightly need was 47.5%, inevitably need was 37.7%, no need was 6.3%, the Positive subjects were showed high rate in male, officer, singer, the younger age, the higher educated, better social level and city dwellers. These results might be useful information for establishing of oriental medical care policies, which open oriental medical clinic in western medical hospital, equip western medical care instrument in oriental medical hospital, improve oriental medical care instrument carry out a herb specialist system, balance the resonable medical care cost and effort for further study & research on oriental medicine to satisfy increasing need of oriental medicine.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2010

Background : Meditation is one healing therapy used to prevent and cure ailments and to improve health through regular practice. Although Meditation are within the paradigm of modern Western medical science, effects on the human body could be possible. Objectives : This study performed a systematic review of the literature published in Korea focused on mindfulness meditation (MM), which is being applied as mind-body therapy around the USA lately. Method : Three hundred sixty six articles were found after searching with keyword, 'mindfulness meditation (MM)' in 6 journals and web databases. Ninety papers related MM were analyzed trend. Result : Since the 2000s, MM papers in the Korean Literature is increased. Published 78 papers on psychology were most. 15 papers published in The Journal of Korean Psychological Association are the best in many areas related to psychology. Most people have submitted papers related to MM was Kim Jeong-ho. Conclusions : MM is being clinically applied at both western and oriental hospital in Korea, but more clinical trials with the high quality are needed to support its scientific basis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.436-443
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• 2022

Objectives: This study examined the case of a 69-year-old man with a history of stroke and Alzheimer's disease who had been diagnosed with probable-rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (probable-RBD). Methods: The patient was treated with herbal medicine (Ukgan-san, Ukgansangayonggolmoryeo-tang, and powdered Gamisoyo-san extract), Western medicine (clonazepam, antiplatelet, psychotropic agents, antihypertensive drugs, and others), and acupuncture. Their effects were evaluated by the frequency and severity of sleep-related behavioral symptoms. Results: After treatment, the observed frequency and severity of sleep-related behavior decreased. Conclusion: The results suggest that using traditional Korean medicine with clonazepam can be effective in the treatment of patients with probable-RBD.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.117-130
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the status of dual medical license holders who have both the medical doctor (MD) and the Korean medicine doctor (KMD) license in Korea, and provide basic data for developing the cooperational strategy between conventional western medicine and traditional Korean medicine. Methods : The questionnaires on the general characteristics and working status were developed and administered for both dual license holders and medical students with MD or KMD license. The data of 187 persons were collected and analyzed. Results : Mean age of dual medical license holders is $42.28{\pm}6.54$ and most of them are male(86.0%). 75.2% of them obtained MD license first. However among the students who had MD or KMD license, 73.7% had KMD license. The mean time for obtaining the additional license was $10.11{\pm}4.905$ year. Forty nine dual license holders are opening both medical clinic and Korean medicine clinic. Conclusions : To promote the role of dual license holders for collaborating traditional Korean medicine and western medicine, developing an integrative medical curriculum should be enhanced, and the studies investigating the practice characteristics, and self-consciousness of dual license holders are required.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.70-79
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of using herbal medicine for the management of psoriasis focusing on lipid metabolism. Methods : We reviewed studies about pathophysiology, and medical treatment of psoriasis, the relationship between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome and lipid metabolism, and herbal medicine on Pubmed and Google scholar. Results : Psoriasis is a chronic multi-organ inflammatory disease not limited to skin, and steroids, immuno-suppressants, and biological agents are used. It is known that psoriasis and metabolic syndrome act as mutual risk factors, and lipid metabolism are involved in psoriasis. The effects of various single herbal preparations and complex herbal extract, decoction on improving lipid metabolism have been consistently reported, and there was an improvement of psoriatic skin lesions and improvement of blood lipid levels through herbal medicine. Conclusions : Herbal medicine research in psoriasis has focused on the anti-inflammatory effect and the suppression effect of certain immune mediators. However, considering that psoriasis is affected by lipid metabolism and side effects of Western medicines, the use of herbal medicines for the purpose of controlling lipid metabolism in psoriasis is useful in aspects of reducing side effects of concurrent Western medicine, improving the severity of psoriasis, and managing metabolic risk factors.