• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.71-77
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• 2006

연간 100억톤 이상 사용되는 선박의 밸러스트수를 통하여 병원균이나 외래해양생물종이 전 세계적으로 이동함에 따라 해양생태계 의 교란 파괴가 심각한 문제의 하나로 대두되었다. 이에 선박 밸러스트수에 포함되어 다른 생태계로 전파되는 외래 생물종 및 병원균에 의한 해양환경 및 생태계 보호를 위하여 IMO 에서는 2004년 2월 "선박의 밸러스트수와 침전물의 통제 및 관리를 위한 국제협약"을 완성, 채택하였다. 하지만, 선박이 이동하여 밸러스트수를 배출하게 되면 외래생물종이 옮겨질 뿐만 아니라 각종 오염물질도 함께 배출되어 방류해역을 오염 시킬 수 있다. 그러나 이 협약은 오염물질의 이동이나 그로 인한 피해를 최소화하기 위한 규제를 전혀 언급하지 않고, 오직 수중생물이나 병원균과 같은 외래생물종의 이동을 최소화하는 데에만 초점을 맞추고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 근거리 항해로 완전한 밸러스트수 교환이 어려우며 항만공사 및 해양자원 개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있는 동북아시아 주요항구로부터 출항하여 우리나라 항내에서 밸러스트수를 배출하는 선박의 밸러스트수 샘플을 채취하여 밸러스트수의 체계적인 관리에 필요한 기초자료로써 주요항에 출입하는 선박의 밸러스트수 오염도를 확인하였다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.161-161
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• 2022

Despite the impressive development of water infrastructure and management in recent decades, Korea still faces a number of threats to water security owing to such factors as climate change. This puts the country at the top spot amongst the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in terms of water stress. It is suggested that increasing food imports and decreasing domestic food production can contribute to water and land savings and in extension, to increased water and land security. This study therefore aimed at analyzing the impact of virtual water import through food trade on the water and land savings in Korea. It was concluded that over the period 2000 - 2017, significant amounts of national water and land was saved through the importation of major upland crops. In addition, we estimated the virtual water trade (VWT) that refers to the trade of water embedded in food products. The results showed a significant increase in the amount of virtual water traded over the study period.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.31-39
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• 1995

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is composed of various procedures, such as screening, scoping, inventory survey, prediction, assessment, alternative assessment, mitigation measures, and post management. Environmental monitoring data for air quality or water quality, etc. is applied in the EIA process, especially in prediction and post management. As an effective tool of environmental monitoring, the remote sensing method, introduced recently, was used in collecting nationwide data concerning ecosystem and land use. This article explains the current monitoring status in Korea. Monitoring factors include air quality, water quality, soil, ocean, odor, noise, and ecosystems. This report explains the organization of the environmental monitoring system managed by the Ministry of Environment in Korea. Furthermore, it shows the environmental criteria and environmental policies applied to EIA in Korea.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.433-446
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• 2022

Despite efforts to reduce unexpected accidents at confined construction sites, choking accidents continue to occur. Because of the poorly ventilated atmosphere, particularly in long, confined underground spaces, workers are subject to dangerous working conditions despite the use of artificial ventilation. Moreover, the traditional monitoring methods of using portable gas detectors place safety inspectors in direct contact with hazardous conditions. In this study, a long-range (LoRa)-based wireless safety monitoring system that features the network organization, fault-tolerant, power management, and a graphical user interface (GUI) was developed for underground construction sites. The LoRa wireless data communication system was adopted to detect hazardous gases and oxygen deficiency within a confined underground space with adjustable communication range and low power consumption. Fault tolerance based on the mapping information of the entire wireless sensor network was particularly implemented to ensure the reliable operation of the monitoring system. Moreover, a sleep mode was implemented for the efficient power management. The GUI was also developed to control the entire safety-monitoring system and to manage the measured data. The developed safety-monitoring system was validated in an indoor testing and at two full-scale water pipeline construction sites.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2010

This technical report was developed to suggest the guideline to assess the safe use and handling metalworking fluids (MWFs) in machining operation. The basis of this method developed in this study was based on self assessment procedure recommended by Organization Resources Counselors (ORC) of the United States (US). In addition, various MWF management elements obtained from the review on various articles, reports and author's experience regarding MWF were newly added to the evaluation guideline. A total of four areas were finally selected in order to control exposure to MWF used in machining operations. They are all related to the presence and efficiency of the control measures, exposure assessment, management on tank and sump, and safe treatment of chips and metal fines generated during machining operations. Each area is consisted of several related elements. Several evaluation areas and elements used in this study could be revised, replaced, added and deleted according to the process environment, evaluation objectives and evaluator's (manager) criteria etc. This evaluation guide manual could be used for safe management of MWF in metalworking operation. In addition, industrial hygienists can use this evaluation method for auditing and evaluating the management status on MWF.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2009

Recently, interest has heightened over 'critical infrastructures' and their reliability in the face of potential terrorist attack. Assault on any of the critical infrastructures as transportation, power, water, telecommunications, and financial services, entails great consequences for their users as well as the other interdependent critical infrastructures. How to protect our vital critical infrastructures is the key question in this paper. The purpose of this article is to suggest the implications for crisis and emergency management to protect the critical infrastructures in our society. For achieving the purpose, we examined the concept of comprehensive security, national crisis, and critical infrastructure and, using the holistic approach, we examined the comprehensive emergency management for suggesting the implications for establishing the critical infrastructure protection system; building up the high reliability organization, organizing and partnering, assessing the risk, preparing first responders, working with private owners of critical infrastructures, working with communities, improving the administrative capacity.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집(제1권)
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• pp.439-445
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• 2006

국제해사기구(International Maritime Organization : IMO)에서는 선박에서 발생되는 오염물질 등에 대한 규제강화를 위하여 최근 새로운 해사환경협약의 채택 및 발효를 강력히 추진하고 있다. 우리나라는 국제해사기구의 A그룹 이사국으로서의 국제적인 위상과 해양환경 보호를 위하여 현재 발효되고 추진 중에 있는 협약들에 대한 연구와 대처를 효과적으로 하여야 한다. 이 논문은 해양관련 환경규제협약인 벨러스트수 배출규제협약에 대한 주요 현안을 파악하고 분석하여 이에 따른 대응책을 제시하고자 한다.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2013

The study examined the effect of urbanization on the water quality of Nwaorie and Otamiri Rivers in Owerri metropolis, Imo State, South-East Nigeria. Water samples were collected from Nwaorie and Otamiri Rivers from four sampling stations up and down stream. Water parameters analyzed using standard procedures were: color, turbidity, temperature, pH, total hardness, total solids, metals (Iron and magnesium), anions (nitrate and ammonia) and Fecal coliform. Results showed increased levels of coloration, iron, ammonia, turbidity and fecal coliform which exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits for drinking water. Increase in these parameters indicated influx of industrial effluent from the nearby industries and indiscriminate disposal of wastes at the bank of the rivers. Application of ANOVA showed various degree of variation in pollutants levels between the two rivers and at different sampling points. River Nwaorie was observed to be more impacted than River Otamiri. High values of iron observed from the study could be deleterious to human health if the river water is consumed without treatment. The study, therefore, recommended proper waste management and disposal as well as effluent treatments in Owerri municipal against pollution of surface water.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2012

Groundwater is our invaluable asset because it takes action in the case of climates changes like drought or floods. But the Korean government has formulated water-resource policies mostly focused on surface water. As a result, the groundwater that will be more important resource in the future has been treated carelessly, caused neglect of maintenance and resulted many abandoned wells. This poor management of groundwater is because of lack of organization on our asset, manpower, unclearness of managing body, shoddy construction and lack of supervision. In order to solve this problem, we need a special agency of groundwater that contribute people's awareness by promotion importance of groundwater, dissemination of technical education and professionals. To do that, we have to establish a specific groundwater management plan based on regional characteristics of watersheds and specialized institution need to promote responsible development and usage in groundwater.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.484-497
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• 2021

This paper proposes an extended time uncertainty analysis approach in Level 2 human reliability analysis (HRA) considering severe accident management (SAM) strategies. The method is a time-based model that classifies two time distribution functions-time required and time available-to calculate human failure probabilities from delayed action when implementing SAM strategies. The time required function can be obtained by the combination of four time factors: 1) time for diagnosis and decision by the technical support center (TSC) for a given strategy, 2) time for strategy implementation mainly by the local emergency response organization (ERO), 3) time to verify the effectiveness of the strategy and 4) time for portable equipment transport and installation. This function can vary depending on the given scenario and includes a summation of lognormal distributions and a choice regarding shifting the distribution. The time available function can be obtained via thermal-hydraulic code simulation (MAAP 5.03). The proposed approach was applied to assess SAM strategies that use portable equipment and safety depressurization system valves in a total loss of component cooling water event that could cause reactor vessel failure. The results from the proposed method are more realistic (i.e., not conservative) than other existing methods in evaluating SAM strategies involving the use of portable equipment.