• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.2910-2916
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• 2011

Environmental conservation is becoming the major conversation topic in the 21st century, the era of environment. In the Law for the Preservation of Water Quality, article 53 states "A business unit which is doing business causing pollution caused by non-point pollutant or builds waste water discharge facilities, should report the installation of the non-point pollutant and install the required pollution control facilities". Environmental pollution caused by oil leaks during operation or maintenance has been found in the railway sector. Especially, rolling stock depot is most likely to be affected by environmental pollution. Therefore, in this paper We have investigated non-point pollutant in the rolling stock depot area and have studied adequate disposal method to minimize the effect of the non-point pollutant, hoping to supply the preliminary data for building an environment-friendly rolling stock depot.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.41-49
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• 2013

This study finds out the aged consumers' needs on the developing elderly friendly and sensitive bathtub. This bathtub focuses on enhancement of multi-senses and enhancement of health, safety & convenience during bath. The enhancing multi-senses would have four functions; therapy with color and aroma, the massage with micro water bubbles, the visual and auditory with TV & cinema, and the auditory with music and radio. Also, enhancing others of bathtub would have seven functions; emergency bell, blood-pressure check system for health condition, water temperature indicator, keeping water warm, reading a book in that, and controlling of house entrance door and a getting the phone during bath. The aged consumers' needs find throughout a questionnaire survey, and 497 data was analyzed. The main results are as follow. They consider a full bath behavior as a healthcare. They have an intention to purchase or use the elderly and friendly bathtub, and they prefer using it in common facilities to using it at home. They highly need health related function of bathtub, which are massage (64.4%), blood-pressure check system (55.1%) and aroma therapy (45.7%). The emergency bell (67.0%), keeping water warm (62.2%), and water temperature indicator (49.7%), related to safety & information function of bathtub, are needed. Also, they think tolerance for error and low physical effort in bathtub design alternative, opening door and inside sitting support, to be important.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2018

Water disasters such as flash floods and inundation caused by localized heavy rainfall in urban areas have a large impact on climate change but are also closely related to the increase in impervious areas as pointed out in domestic and international studies. It is difficult to secure natural green areas in urban areas that have already been developed. So, urban regeneration can be expected using water management optimized with technologies to secure infiltration and storage capacity such as Low-Impact Development technology. In this study, the water cycle improvement ability was confirmed by applying the LID technology within the district unit plan of the environmentally friendly village, and the economic feasibility of LID application was analyzed by estimating the costs and benefits of installing the facilities. The site was planned to conserve sufficient green and plans for securing the watershed infiltration and storage capacity were formulated with the application of additional LID technology, such as infiltration trenches, rain barrels and permeable pavements. The LID design method applicable to the site was established, and the water balance of the watershed was analyzed through simulations of the SWMM model. The water circulation improvement effect was confirmed through the water balance analysis, and the cost-benefits were determined according to the estimation method, and the economic analysis was conducted. This study confirms that the investment of LID technology is economically feasible for the hydrological improvement effect of the housing complex.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.857-870
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• 2020

In this study, the antibiotic components in the final effluent from the 12 wastewater treatment facilities located in the Nakdong River basin were investigated, and the correlation between organic matters, nutrients and antibiotics was analyzed. In the final effluent of the wastewater treatment facilities, three sulfonamides antibiotics (sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole, sulfachlorpyridazine) and tetracyclines antibiotics (oxytetracycline, doxycycline) were detected. Sulfamethazine were detected at all points and ranged from 10.398 to 278.784 ng/L. Sulfathiazole were detected at 6 points (Andong, Gumi, Hapcheon, Miryang, Uiryeong, Haman), and ranged from 23.773 to 144.468 ng/L. The correlation coefficients between sulfathiazole and TSS, COD, TOC, NH₃-N, NO₂-N, and T-N components were high in the range of 0.73 to 0.92. The correlation coefficient between sulfamethazine and T-N was 0.48, and the correlation with the rest of the water quality components was low. The correlation coefficient between sulfamethazine and sulfathiazole was 0.78. Through this study, it was confirmed that the concentration of sulfonamides antibiotics was higher than the concentration of tetracyclines antibiotics in the final effluent of 12 wastewater treatment facilities in the Nakdong River basin, and the concentration of sulfathiazole increased with organic matters and nutrients.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.spc1
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• pp.797-811
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• 2020

With the increasing demand for improving the quality of life of the people, the need for resident-friendly use and management of rivers is increasing. This study develops an indicator that can measure the performance of the multi-faceted function of the river that the general population can appraise, and in particular, the subjective satisfaction of residents. Based on related prior studies and case analysis, a draft indicator system covering maintenance of river facilities for flood control, water use, environment protection, and water-friendly use functions was established. Through a factor analysis adopting PCA extraction method and VARIMAX rotation method and survey, a performance indicator system consisting of three areas, six detailed areas, and 24 items is drawn. Also, the developed indicators are applied to national and local rivers in Daejeon to suggest implications through comparative analysis.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.250-257
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• 2019

Recently, 357 water-friendly space were established near the main streams of the country through the Four Major Rivers Project, which was used as a resting and leisure space for the citizens, and the river environment and ecological health were improved. We are working hard to reduce the number of points and plan and manage the water-friendly space. In particular, attempts are being made to utilize mobile big data to make more scientific and systematic research on the number of users. However, when using mobile big data compared to the existing method of conducting field surveys, it is possible to easily identify spatial user movement patterns, but it is different from the actual amount of use, so various verifications are required to solve this problem. Therefore, this study evaluated the accuracy of estimating the number of users using mobile big data by comparing the number of visitors using mobile big data and the number of visitors using drone for Samrak ecological park located in the mouth of Nakdong River. As a result, in the river hydrophilic district, it was difficult to accurately estimating the usage pattern of each facility due to the low precision of pCELL, and it was confirmed that the usage patterns in the park could be distorted due to the signals stopped at roads and parking lots. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the number of pCELLs in the water-friendly space and to estimate the number of visitors excluding facilities such as roads and parking lots in future mobile big data processing.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.175-189
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• 2021

In this study, 48 streams in the Sapgyo Watershed were selected, and the Load Duration Curves (LDC) were drawn up for each stream using water quality and flow monitoring over the last three years (2018-2020), and it was evaluated whether the target water quality was achieved for each flow section. As a result of evaluating whether or not the target water quality exceeded according to the LDC, it was found that 22 rivers exceeded the target water quality. Five rivers exceeded the target water quality due to point pollutant sources, 13 rivers exceeded the target water quality due to non-point pollutant sources, and 4 rivers exceeded the target water quality due to both point and non-point pollutant sources. Among the rivers that exceeded the target water quality due to point pollutant sources, which included domestic sewage of the untreated population, there is a need to reduce the influx of polluted loads by the untreated population. The use of eco-friendly fertilizers is recommended for rivers with a relatively high farmland ratio among rivers exceeding the target water quality due to non-point pollutant sources, and installation of boiling point reduction facilities that can reduce the amount of polluted load introduced during rainfall or manage water shores. In rivers with a large number of livestock breeding heads, the livestock houses located in these rivers need to be preferentially transferred to livestock manure treatment plants. Due to the high ratio of land area because of urbanization, initial rainwater treatment facilities are required to reduce the amount of pollutant load flowing into the river through the impermeable layer during rainfall.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.302-312
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• 2019

The voltage produced from the salinity gradient in reverse electrodialysis (RED) increases proportionally with the number of cell pairs of alternating cation and anion exchange membranes. Large-scale RED systems consisting of hundreds of cell pairs exhibit high voltage of more than 10 V, which is sufficient to utilize water electrolysis as the electrode reaction even though there is no specific strategy for minimizing the overpotential of water electrolysis. Moreover, hydrogen gas can be simultaneously obtained as surplus energy from the electrochemical reduction of water at the cathode if the RED system is equipped with proper venting and collecting facilities. Therefore, RED-driven water electrolysis system can be a promising solution not only for sustainable electric power but also for eco-friendly hydrogen production with high purity without $CO_2$ emission. The RED system in this study includes a high membrane voltage from more than 50 cells, neutral-pH water as the electrolyte, and an artificial NaCl solution as the feed water, which are more universal, economical, and eco-friendly conditions than previous studies on RED with hydrogen production. We measure the amount of hydrogen produced at maximum power of the RED system using a batch-type electrode chamber with a gas bag and evaluate the interrelation between the electric power and hydrogen energy with varied cell pairs. A hydrogen production rate of $1.1{\times}10^{-4}mol\;cm^{-2}h^{-1}$ is obtained, which is larger than previously reported values for RED system with simultaneous hydrogen production.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.399-402
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• 2007

This project is the 1st. stage for the foreshore reclamation at Jang-Hang area and its scope is to construct a seawall as outer facilities, road adjacent to the seawall and drainage gate. for the safe protections of the facilities at the reclaimed land hereafter, we adopted the mild slope rubble mound type for the seawall structure which was excellent in interrupting the wave overtopping, as a result of numerical & hydraulic model test about alternative 4 sections. For the flooding prevention of the reclaimed land, we planned the drainage system that could make the flood water level lower than the reclaimed land level. Also, we planned the eco-friendly waterfront area with 8 nature themes through the whole seawall sections.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 2000

All crude oil carries a little of water, sand, and mineral sediment molecules tightly bounded with hydrocarbons. The result is the gradual precipitation of these heavier elements into thick, granular petroleum by products known as crude oil sludge. The oily sludges in ship tanks and in storage facilities have to be treated efficiently in order to keep the security and the capacity of storage facilities, to protect a serious environmental pollution, and to retrieve lost resource. The oily sludge treatment system should be designed to satisfy requirements mentioned in safe work condition. As a basic study, in this paper, an oily sludge treatment system by ultrasonic waves was proposed. Then, the features of ultrasonic energy and recovery of sludge with ultrasonic waves are investigated by experiments. As results, we found that ultrasonic waves are a new energy to flow oil sludge environment-friendly in safe work condition. In addition, it was shown that ultrasonic energy is more efficient than thermal energy in treating oil sludge, and that the volume of wastes for disposal is reduced remarkably.