• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.81-84
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to grasp actual condition of remodeling elements by specialists' in-depth interviews. The interview has been conducted to interior designer who have a wide experience of apartment remodeling. In-depth interview is a kind of qualitative method in which attention to reply of responses with open-access between interviewer and respondents. According to the results, remodeling elements were generally the renovation of balcony into the livingroom or children room, removal a doorsill, installation of storage furniture, change of lighting fixtures in the all rooms and change equipments of bathroom. Finishing materials were usual used normal wallpaper and normal or low emitting adhesive on ceiling and wall, tempered-flooring on floor, and ceramic tiles on bottom and wall of bath and entrance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.71-73
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• 2008

In early Highlighting the client's personality especially, home design demands very careful consideration. It's not an easy task to understand the characteristics of each family member, to take into account their requirements, and strike proper harmony among them. For this Sampung Apartment Project, I decided to create a cozy homelike atmosphere by using overall modern and antique furniture, props, and lighting. I tried a different sense of space by choosing wood as the main material, installing furniture that looked antique, and applying painting with touch instead of pictures or wallpaper By the use of the light bulb color overall, lighting was yellow and added more comfort. Local lighting was used in certain places to add more fun along with the props. After choosing white as the main color, point colors were determined according to the client's inclination toward green and blue. The color choice also matched the client's paintings that were in soft green and blue. Each room was planned and color coordinated according to their own characteristics. The children's rooms were planned with such point colors as pink, green, and blue. The master bedroom and the family room were produced around gold and grey color, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2013

This paper presents computer graphics applying the traditional Korean house(Hanok) style interior to unit-care space of Welfare Facility and proposes the possibility as interior design and construction materials. In this paper, the proposed computer graphic-based model is a single-story building that provides convenient traffic between rooms. Computer graphic-based model is presented by Auto CAD, 3D program (Sketch-UP v.8), rendering program (Podium v.2) based on the traditional Korean house and related work of unit-care welfare facility. Computer graphic-based model that combined unit-care and the traditional Korean house has the following characteristics. In each room of living space, wallpaper and flooring Korean paper(Hnaji) is considered and windows, door, furniture of traditional pattern were placed. The living room(Daechung) that is representative of the traditional Korean house and the corridor (toenmaru) are the elements to save the image of the traditional Korean house as much as possible. Especially, the corridor (toenmaru) is placed to conveniently use in nursing-care facility and home-care support facility. A public space is placed around the inside court (An-madang), while the living space (unit-care) has a sense of independence by separation. Bathroom and kitchen have a modern design for functionality than aesthetic elements.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.326-331
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• 2017

The survey of consumers' recognition of home furniture colors was conducted targeting 32 males and 68 females from 20's to 60's. The results are as follows. The first, in terms of colors, when they were asked of where was the most important place in a house, the first place they thought of was the color of wallpaper and the second was the color of furniture. The second, in terms of home furniture colors, a sofa was put the most importance on and a living room dresser was the next. The third, they preferred natural wood color as home furniture and the next color was achromatic colors. The forth, the most preferred wood color was a walnut and the next was a ginkgo tree color. The fifth, the most preferred color was white and the next was tertiary colors when they were asked to paint their home furniture. The sixth, 88% participants in the survey responded that home furniture colors would much influence on our lives. In conclusion, most consumers recognize the importance of furniture colors and they prefer the use of hardwood for a natural feeling as long as they can afford.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2011

In Korea, special education for the gifted is being activated in school systems, and many researches regarding this special education are being conducted. However, despite its rich research on the programs of this special education, there are almost no research on the institutions layout and spatial design that can utilize them. Considering the heat for education of the present and the researches on education for the gifted so far, this tendency is likely to continue. To study space composition and interior architectural design of children's institution for the gifted, we studied the cases of 5 institutions located in Seoul and the following are the results. The research results are as followed. Most institutions for the gifted used most common and technical paint, wallpaper, and PVC for finishing materials. The colors should be carefully selected, too, so that it will increase inquisitiveness and interest of the children, which will develop into creative ability. In the cases studied, color of most walls and furnitures were not very distinctive: they were in light pastel and bright tone. And there were set of desks in many shapes so it can be put in different ways for different purposes. However, there were also desks that are commonly used at schools, which were limited in arranging in various ways. Most cases studied were located in general building and therefore, natural light source was limited. On the part of appliances, supplements should be made so that classes can be carried out using multimedia materials.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.57-67
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to grasp major elements and actual condition of apartment unit remodeling by in-depth interviews on residents and specialists. The interviews had been conducted to interior designers who have a wide experience of apartment remodeling and residents who live in recently remodeled apartment unit. In-depth interview is a kind of qualitative method in which attention to reply of responses with open-access between interviewer and respondents. According to the results, remodeling elements were generally changing of lighting fixtures and finishing materials in the all spaces, integration of balcony into children's room, installation of furniture in kitchen and entrance, changing storage furnitures and equipments in bathroom. Artificial lighting method were selected generally whole lighting. Finishing materials were used ordinary (non environmentally-friendly) wallpaper and adhesion and tempered floor. There were unsatisfied factors after remodeling, these were dissatisfaction of design, construction defects, and stink of reflecting 'sick house'. Also they responded that they should be considering to use environmentally-friendly material at next remodeling.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.324-333
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• 2023

Background: Human exposure to phthalates in indoor environments occurs via dermal absorption, oral ingestion of indoor dust, and inhalation of indoor air. However, systematic studies to investigate the exposure rate to phthalates among the three exposure routes in indoor environments are currently limited. Objectives: A theoretical exposure ratio between inhalation and oral exposure was calculated based on the total amount of di(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) emitted into indoor air and deposited into floor dust in a test house. Methods: Flooring and wallpaper containing DEHP were installed in a test house and the concentration of DEHP in both indoor air and floor dust were monitored for five months. Based on the measured DEHP concentrations, the theoretical total amount ratio of DEHP that could be exposed through inhalation and oral ingestion was calculated. Results: Considering the period of operation in the test house, the theoretical total amount of DEHP through inhalation and oral ingestion exposures in the entire test house space was calculated to be 0.014 mg and 5.5 mg, respectively. The exposure ratio of the two routes between inhalation and oral exposure corresponding to the total DEHP amount in flooring and wallpaper was 6.0×10^-7% and 2.3×10^-4%, indicating that theoretical oral exposure to DEHP is approximately 380 times higher than inhalation. Conclusions: Monitoring results from a test house has shown that oral exposure is the main exposure route for DEHP in indoor environments. The experimental design employed in this study and theoretical exposure ratio obtained can be applied to investigate actual exposure to DEHP and to determine the exposure characteristics of various types of semi-volatile organic compounds.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.154-162
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• 2015

As there is no case study with current status, measurements or description on the state of actual site of rural area only, the delivery of actual conditions about such an area is significantly limited. The purpose of this study is to pinpoint issues with housing conditions of low-income family with disabled members in the rural area. For such a purpose, 25 households of disabled people have been visited for interview, on-site research and survey, of which results are summed up in this paper as following: First, average monthly income of such family turned out to be KRW 480,000, most of which is from the government subsidy. High ratio of such families has resided in a house with average size of approximately 56m2 for about 24 years. Secondly the most needed maintenance work with top priority was for the toilet, and many of the interviewees expressed their discomfort about small size of their bathrooms and inconvenient facilities therein. Thirdly, most of such houses had too high thresholds that posed danger and inconvenience. Such thresholds had average height of 13cm, which can be considered as completely inconsiderate of disabled users. Fourth issue was that these people needed safety handle that will enable them to stand up or to be in the standing posture in the living room and bedroom where they spend most of their time. Fifthly, they wanted finishing materials with waterproof functionality as well as replacement of finishing materials and wallpaper which were too old and caused hygiene issues. As these issues represent, current housing for disabled people in the rural area turned out to be poor and risky space rather than the place where difficulty of individual situation can be resolved or their disability can be complemented. Thus it can be determined that now is the time to arrange the solutions for such housing difficulties and to establish customized housing plan to ensure safety and convenience.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.5 s.52
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• pp.167-176
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• 2005

Since Korea has already become the 'aging society' and is expected to become the 'aged society' by 2019, development of the facilities and dedicated housing for the senior citizens have become the key issues. The growing population of the senior citizens, changed in the social structure, family type, and the way of living brings a moment to consider the various aspects to support the senior citizens. Now the situation in Korea requires development of congregate housing as a type of residential units for elder who can live at home with some help. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to analyze preference tendency on the interior finishing materials and colors of the congregate housing for the senior citizens who are healthy enough not needing the nursing home. For this research, the preference of 500 Korean pre-senior citizens on the interior finishing materials and colors of congregate housing for the seniors was investigated. The collected data was processed using SPSS 10.0 for Windows regarding frequency, percentage, average, Chi-squared test with cross tabulation. The results are as follows: First, about $60\%$ of the respondents preferred Korean traditional interior image for individual units, and modern interior image for common areas. Second, the respondents preferred wood flooring and wallpaper interior finishing. Third, the respondents Preferred Y, YR color for individual units, and N color for common areas and very pale tone for all spaces. Fourth, the respondents preferred luxury finishing to living room in the all spaces.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2017

A string wallcovering is a kind of textile wallcovering which is made of cellulose fiber yarn laminated on base paper. Compared with normal paper or PVC wallpaper, a string wallcovering is preferred continually in the interior design market, as it is not only environmentally friendly but it also has less cost on mass production without the weaving process and has a natural visual effect, excellent functionality such as thermo keeping, permeability, sound absorption. However, in the dyeing process, it is not appropriate to use plenty of energy such as water, electricity, steam or chemicals considering the environmental trend and the government policy plenty of energy such as water, electricity, steam or chemicals. Currently, a string wallcovering is made of raw white yarn and padding with direct dye or pigment which includes toxic elements, especially the use of direct dye is restricted in a part of the developed country due to inclusion of azo. In this study, we researched dyeing based on cold pad batch dyeing of a string wallcovering with reactive dyestuff. The peel strength and bending depth test confirmed that the optimum adhesive type and spread amount improved the water resistance of the string wallcovering. Also, pad batch dyeing with optimum reactive dyestuff enhanced the color fastness to light and rubbing in dry and wet conditions. Additionally, for improvement of color fastness to rubbing in a wet condition, the additional treatment finishing without soaping process which is used water. The results of this study can be used as basic data for environmentally friendly and energy saving of the textile wallcovering.