• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.117-125
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine urban built environments associated with the walking behavior in order to identify the problem of urban infrastructure from the perspective of Universal design theory. Using the walkability criteria developed based on the findings of previous studies on Universal design theory and walking environment, the urban built environments in old town area of Seoul were evaluated. The results of the evaluation indicated that the pedestrian infrastructure in the study area had several shortcomings to improve in order to provide walking-friendly environments. First, the pedestrian infrastructure for visually impaired people were severely limited. Second, walking traffics in large portion of the street networks were interrupted by a variety of obstacles such as parked cars, signboards, and illegal street shops. Third, there were certain areas where the quality of pavement was not properly managed. In summary, this study provides an empirical data to understand the current situation of pedestrian infrastructure in the urban areas. Improvement of pedestrian infrastructure is needed to address the issues related to the mobility of the disabled people. It is also recommended to construct the GIS data on walking environment in order to develop and mange a long-term public investment plan for walking-friendly urban environments.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.7
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• pp.903-909
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• 2018

We propose laser scanner sensor system based walking pattern and tracking method of multiple human. This system uses laser scanners sensors and is applicable to wide and crowded area such as hospital and medical care center. The primary objective of this research is to promote the development of robust, repeatable and transferable software for security system that can automatically detect, track and follow people in public area. We developed the method of human identification for this system. Our method is following: 1. Best-walking pattern data are obtained by the help of human position and direction data obtained by laser scanners. 2. Human identification is conducted by calculating the correlation between the step length of walking human. It becomes possible to conduct human identification even in crowded scenes by estimating the movements of waling human' feet are periodic. In the experiment in the station, some effectiveness of this method became clear.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.71-80
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is identify the status of the ward of public hospital for integrated nursing care service. Integrated nursing care service has been expanding on a national scale from 2016 but most of public hospitals are currently unable to operate due to nursing shortage. In this study 8 wards of public hospital have been chosen and analyzed. The measure of space program and area distribution(patient area percentage, staff area percentage, circulation area percentage), nurses's walking distance(distance from ns to patient room, distance from ns to core) were calculated by depthmapX and autocad programs. The result of this study is as follows. Nurse's walking distance is more than 24m so the efficiency of nurse's patient care is reduced. The percentage of patient area in double-corridor is higher and the patient feels more comfortable but the Nurse's walking distance is longer and the accessibility is lowered. NS should be located in the center of the ward and close to the core but some wards are not composed of proper space-separation and flow of human trrafic is overlapped. This study may serve as basic research for the architectural plan for future integrated nursing care ward.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

Due to the 3 years and 4 months of corona, many things have changed throughout society, such as social activities, free movement, and lifestyle. One of them is the increasing public interest and demand for walking tours. Public awareness of health and leisure activities has increased due to lifestyle changes, aging, and urbanization following the spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, and demand for walking tour services is also increasing. As of 2019, nationwide About 560 'Walking Trails' of 1,849 courses were created, with a total length of 18,000 km. In this study, in a situation where social interest and necessity for walking tours are increasing, studies related to walking tours are reviewed, and sustainable management plans for walking tours are proposed. To this end, the concept and research trends of walking tours were examined through literature related to walking tours, and in-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 17 people, 8 visitors and 9 officials, with Ansan Daebudo Haesol-gil as the target. Visitors In-depth interviews with 180 contents were coded, and 147 effective contents were divided into 20 subcategories and organized into 7 upper categories. In-depth interviews with 101 stakeholders were individually coded, 96 effective contents were divided into 14 subcategories, and organized into 5 upper categories. After that, it was reviewed based on the contents organized through qualitative content analysis, and the Five implications were derived. The significance of this study is that the study was conducted on specific Haesol-gil in the suburbs of the metropolitan area. The limitation of this study was that more detailed investigations and considerations were not conducted on the positive and negative effects of walking tours on the Daebudo area. As a follow-up study, academic arrangements and case studies on regional regeneration through walking tours are required.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2009

This study aims to plan connecting living facilities considering on the Barrier Free Walking of the disabled and the elderly in the residential area. We had found several physical problems on the pedestrian's way that becomes the major factor of disturbing the barrier free movement for using living facilities in the local area by investigations and enquetes. We had suggested the arrangement method for these physical problems on the pedestrian's way and building the ideal area for living facilities by the disposition stages with the result of investigations and enquetes. After these process, we had planned connecting living facilities considering on the Barrier Free Walking of the disabled and the elderly in the residential area.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.675-679
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• 2001

This paper presents walking algorithm for a quadruped robot that does not have an upper body. Tilting motion is added to the planned walking trajectory instead of using an extra body segment that is independent on walking trajectory. Area and tracking algorithms are proposed as tilting method and compared with that of off-line tilting and that of no tilting. Computer simulation shows that stability of tilted walking is more improved than that of the usual walking algorithm for general walking paths. It also shows that the tracking method guarantees stability and best mobility.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2002

Physiological Cost Index (PCI) of walking has been widely used to predict oxygen consumption in healthy subjects or patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictability of physiological cost index of walking for the amount of exercise and cardiac function. Walking exercise was conducted in 67 healthy children (age 4-12) with a self-selected comfortable walking speed on the level surface. Walking speed was calculated, and heart rate was measured before and immediately after the walking. PCI was calculated for statistical analysis. The results were as follows; 1) The walking speed tends to increase and PCI of walking tends to decrease with age. There was significant difference in walking speed and PCI of walking among three age groups (p<.05). The change of walking heart rate tends to decrease with age, however, there was no significant difference among three age groups. 2) Linear regression equation between walking speed and age was 'Y (walking speed) = 2.124X (age) + 48.286' ($R^2$=.337), (p=.00). 3) The walking heart rate tends to decrease with age. Linear regression equation between walking heart rate and age was 'Y (walking heart rate) = 143.346 - 2.63X (age)' ($R^2$=.3425), (p=.00). 4) The walking heart rate decreased as body surface area (BSA) increased. Linear regression equation between walking heart rate and BSA was 'Y (walking heart rate) = 149.830 - 27.115X (BSA)' ($R^2$=.3066), (p=.00). In conclusion, these equations and PCI could be useful to quantify the variation of energy expenditure of children with pathological gait when compared with age-matched healthy children.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.354-365
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• 2019

This study measured and analyzed the weather characteristics and the air-ion characteristics of walking space by land use type in Chungju, Chungcheongbuk Province during the heat wave. We used the land registration map to classify the type of land use in walking areas in the studied into the production and green area, the residential area, and the commercial area. We then selected 44 measurement points in about 4.1 km. They included 12 walking space points in the green area, 14 in the residential area, and 18 in the commercial area. Moreover, we calculated the ion index by analyzing the impact of weather factors such as temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, and net radiation in the walking space on the anion generation and cation generation by land use type during the heat wave. Comparison of air ion characteristics in walking space by type of land use during the heat wave showed that the average cation generation was in the order of commercial area ($700.73cations/cm^3$) > residential area ($600.76cations/cm^3$) > green area ($589.73cations/cm^3$). The average anion generation was in the order of green area ($663.95anions/cm^3$) > residential area ($628.48anions/cm^3$) > commercial area ($527.48anions/cm^3$). The average ion index was in the order of green area (1.13) > residential area (1.04) > commercial area (0.75). This study checked the weather characteristics, cation generation, and anion generation in walking space according to the land use type during the heat wave and checked the difference of ion indexes in the walking space according to the land use type. However, there were limitations in the lack of accurate comparison according to the land use due to the moving measurement and the insufficient quantitative comparison according to the change of road width. Therefore, we recommend further studies that consider the road characteristics.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.52-58
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• 2016

The mechanical design for biped walking of a humanoid robot doing the Argentina Tango is presented in this paper. Biped walking has long been studied in the area of robotic locomotion. The aim of this paper is to implement an Argentina Tango dancer-like walking motion with a humanoid robot by using a trajectory generation scheme. To that end, this paper uses blending polynominals whose parameters are determined based on PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) according to conditions that make the most of the Argentina Tango's characteristics. For the stability of biped walking, the ZMP (Zero Moment Point) control method is used. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is evaluated by simulating biped walking with the 3D Simscape robot model. The simulation results show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.421-429
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the effects of arch support taping on static balance, static/dynamic foot contact area, and ground reaction force during walking according to the types of elastic tapes with mechanical elasticity differences. Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: Twenty-six participants selected for flexible flat feet through the navicular drop test were randomly assigned to non-taping, Dynamic-taping, and Mechano-taping conditions. Static balance and foot contact area were compared in the standing posture according to arch support taping conditions, and foot contact area and ground reaction force were compared during walking. Results: There was no significant difference in static balance according to the taping condition in the standing position, but the foot contact area in the Mechano-taping condition showed a significant decrease compared to the non-taping condition (p<0.05). The foot contact area during walking significantly decreased in the Dynamic-taping and Mechano-taping conditions (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the ground reaction force. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it was confirmed that among the types of elastic taping, arch support taping using dynamic taping and Mechano-taping has the effect of supporting the arch with high elastic recovery. Any type of elastic tape can be used for arch alignment in flexible flat foot.