• Journal of Rhinology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2018

Background and Objectives: Obesity is one of the most important risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). There is limited evidence regarding the obesity-related anthropometric characteristics of Korean patients. Materials and Method: Medical records of 984 patients referred to 3 tertiary referral hospitals for habitual snoring or sleep apnea were analyzed. We defined OSA as apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ${\geq}5$ and analyzed data to determine the anthropometric characteristics of patients with OSA such as neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist to hip ratio (WHR). Results: A total of 952 patients (719 men) were included in the analysis. The main findings were: 1) BMI, WC, NC, HC, and WHR were greater among patients with OSA than among controls (AHI <5); 2) for both sexes, the proportion of patients with an OSA diagnosis increased with age; it increased steeply for women aged >50 years; 3) WC and WHR were most strongly correlated with AHI for men and women, respectively. Conclusion: OSA is associated with anthropometric characteristics, although different patterns were observed between men and women. OSA was more strongly associated with NC or WC among men and with WHR among women.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2009년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.218-221
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to find the differences of the real somatotype and the ideal somato type and fashion image sought in female collegians by somatotype. In addition, WHR, CWR, and body cathexis was analysed. ANOVA test, Duncan's multiple range test, and x2 test was used as statistical analyses. The results were as follows. 1. WHR of thin, regular, fat somatotype was 0.75, 0.76, and 0.83, respectively while CWR was 0.77 in thin, 0.81 in regular, 0.80 in fat somatotype. The respondents who considered themselves overweight recognized themselves fatter than real weight. 2. They were not satisfied with bust girth in thin, thigh part and calf part in regular people, and all part except foot length, hand length and sleeve length. 3. Clothing image sought by 45.5% female collegians was fashionable and raffine and that sought by 10.4% female collegians was elegant and graceful. 4. Among the body area, body parts that may have an effect on body image were body length in 13.1% of the respondents, waist girth in 10.7% of those thought, and hip girth in 10.0% of the respondents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.451-459
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• 1995

This study was intended to figure out the effects of the amount and the distribution of body fat on the risk fators of adult disease. Sixty-four male college students paticipatied in this study, whose to find out body fat distributions were classified on the basis of Waist/hip ratio(WHR) into three groups-upper body type(UBTM), intermediate body type (IBTM) and lower body type(LBTM). Various risk factors such as adiposity, body fat ammount, serum lipid amount and blood pressure and their intercorrelations were analyzed. The three bodys type groups showed significant differences each other in weight(P<0.001), WHR showed considerable correlations with BMI and the percentage of body fat. The frequency of obesity assessed by BMI$\geq$25 and body fat percentage were the highest in the UBTM of the three groups. Thus, we could conclude that the closer the body fat distribution is to the upper body type, the higher the BMI and body fat percentage. Waist/girth ratio(WTR, P<0.01) and BMI(P<0.05) were positively correlated with serum triglyceride levels, and % of body fat was positively correlated with both serum triglyceride (P<0.01) and serum total cholesterol(P<0.05) levels. WHR (P<0.05), BMI(P<0.01) and % of body fat(P<0.01) also showed positive correlations with systolic blood pressure. From the above results, we could conclude that body fat distribution was a good index reflecting adiposity and body fat amount and that blood and serum amount of triglyceride was highest in the upper body type group showing the highest frequency of obesity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.448-454
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• 2004

The relationship between dietary carbohydrate (CHO) and fasting triglyceride (TG) concentrations was examined in 2,689 men, 1,908 premenopausal women, and 966 postmenopausal women aged 20-69 years in the 1998-Korean Health and Nutrition Survey. The serum TG concentrations in fasting blood samples were measured and dietary CHO intake was assessed by using 24-hour recall method. As CHO intake increased, the TG concentrations were significantly affected (127.4 mg/dl, 132.4 mg/dl, 134.8 mg/dl, 142.6 mg/dl, 147.2 mg/dl) in postmenopausal women, while CHO intake was not significantly associated with TG concentrations in men and in premenopausal women. For the lowest to the highest quintiles of CHO, the mean TG concentrations were 120.0 mg/dl and 140.3 mg/dl in postmenopausal women with body mass index (BMI) ＜25 kg/m$^2$ and 135.6 mg/dl ＆ 155.3 mg/dl in postmenopausal women with BMI$\geq$25 kg/m$^2$. In multivariate analysis, BMI, waist hip ratio (WHR), glucose, smoking, and drinking habit were associated with serum TG concentrations in men. In premenopausal women, BMI, WHR, and glucose levels were associated with serum TG concentrations, while age, BMI, WHR, glucose levels, and CHO intake were associated with serum TG concentrations in postmenopausal women. In conclusion, CHO intake is related to serum TG concentrations in postmenopausal women in Korea.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.141-145
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between life style and metabolic syndrome. The cross-sectional survey was conducted in Pingliang community in Shanghai in Jan 2003. The data was collected by questionnaire, and the results were analyzed by SPSS. It was found that the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) was $13.4\%$ in the community, and the body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol(TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and fast plasma glucose (FPG) in MS group were higher than that in non-MS group. Logistic regression analysis indicated that BMI and WHR were positively correlated to the prevalence of MS, and physical activity was negatively correlated to the prevalence of MS. People with higher education levels (${\geq}10y$) had lower BMI, SBP, DBP, LDL-C and FPG. The prevalence of MS in the higher education level group was significantly lower than that of the lower education level group. These results suggested that BMI, WHR and physical activity were important factors of MS, and education background played an important role in the occurrence of MS. Therefore, it is very important to build a healthy life style for preventing and controlling the incidence and developing of MS.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to predict measuring site suited for abdominal skin fold thickness (ASFT) by measuring the distribution of abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness (AScFT) and ascertain the correlations among obesity indicators. Methods: The size of analysis materials was 124 secondary data measured by ultrasonic device, bioelectrical impedance analyzer and caliper. Data were analyzed using t-test, and Pearson's correlation. Results: The average of AScFT was 10.63± 6.79mm with its range 1.39-36.16 mm, and AScFT of female and of central parts were thicker than those of male and outer parts in the abdomen. The average of ASFT was 29.26±12.59 mm. Site 5 on Figure 1 was most similar to the average of AScFT in both sexes. Body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) were 23.65±3.98 and 0.88±0.05 respectively. The body weight, BMI, WHR, visceral fat, ASFT vs AScFT revealed in significant correlation (r= .29, r= .55, r= .39, r= .33. r= .29). Conclusion: BMI and WHR seem more useful than other obesity indicators, when obesity control is necessary for Type 2 diabetes patients. Site 5 on Figure 1 is most suitable site to measure ASFT.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.375-385
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• 2009

본 연구는 농촌지역 성인의 주요 식품 섭취 빈도와 혈압, 비만도, 허리/둔부 둘레비, 콜레스테롤과의 관계를 분석하고자 G군 소재 890명(남성 438명, 여성 452명)명을 조사대상으로 식품섭취 빈도 및 생리적 지수에 대한 조사를 하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 연구대상자는 남자가 49.2%, 여자가 50.8% 이었고, 연령별로는 60세 이상이 39.7%이었다. 학력으로는 고졸 이상이 43.8%이었고, 결혼한 경우가 84.3%이었으며, 직업은 농업인 경우가 46.7% 이었다. 자신의 건강상태를 좋다고 인지한 경우는 31.9%이었고, 나쁘다고 인지한 경우는 21.9%이었다. 흡연자는 20.7%이었으며, 혈압상태는 고혈압전단계가 14.9%이었고, 고혈압인 경우가 12.1% 이었다. BMI는 25.0kg/$m^2$이상인 비만인 경우가 27.1%이었다. WHR은 남자인 경우는 0.90이상, 여자인 경우는 0.85이상으로 비만인 경우가 42.0%이었다. 콜레스테롤은 200mg/dl이하로 정상인 경우가 76.1%이었고, 201mg/dl를 넘는 경우가 23.9%이었다. 뇨당은 양성인 경우가 8.7%이었다. 연령을 보정하여 식품섭취 빈도와 생리적 지수와의 관계를 보면 혈압은 과일류(p=.003)를 자주섭취한 군이 혈압이 정상이었으며, BMI는 우유류(p=.045)를 자주 섭취한 군과 주류(p=.007)를 적게 섭취한 군이 BMI가 정상이었다. 허리/둔부 둘레비는 채소류(p=.046)와 우유류(p=.021)를 자주섭취한 군과 주류(p=.003)를 적게 섭취한 군이 정상이었고, 콜레스테롤은 곡류(p=.020), 두류(p=.039) 및 해조류(p=.007)를 자주 섭취한 군이 콜레스테롤 수치가 낮은 결과를 보였다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합하면 혈압은 과일류, BMI는 우유류와 주류, 허리/둔부 둘레비는 채소, 우유류 및 주류, 콜레스테롤은 곡류, 두류 및 해조류 섭취와 유의한 관련성을 보여 식생활 개선에 대한 인식을 높이고 개개인에게 맞춤식 건강 증진 사업을 전개해 나가는 것이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.445-454
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the validity of obese index among body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumference (WC) and to determine which is the best in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Korean elderly more than 65 ages. Data from the 1998 Korean Health and Nutrition Survey were used (n=1017). Anthropometric indices and CVD risk factors were measured, and chi-square test, analysis of variance following duncan's multiple range test, partial correlation analysis, and Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves were used in the analysis. Anthropometric values were decreased in both male and female when ages were goes up. In female elderly, it specially showed the characteristics of upper body fat and systolic blood pressure risk (p<0.05). Among life style factors the current smokers were prevalent in obese male (p<0.05), but not prevalent in female having obese or upper body fat. Also, person with upper body obesity have more exercise than that of normal group (p<0.01). Mean BMI values of the current smoker was lower than that of normal group in both sexes (p<0.01). Mean BMI value of person with other risk factors were higher than that of normal groups (p<0.05). Among 7 CVD risk factors in partial correlation analysis, WC had the highest correlation coefficient in 5 in male, whereas BMI in 4 in female. In ROC analyses of 12 risk factors and health conditions, the largest area under curve of obese indices for risk factors were WC>WHR>BMI in male and BMI>WHR>WC in female. The optimal cutoff values of each index (BMI : WHR : WC) for one or more risk factors were 19.02 : 0.84 : 71.3 in male and 19.04 : 0.88 : 85.6 in female. In conclusion, Most Korean elderly showed non-obese and abdominal obesity likewise other Asians. Also CVD risk factors were prevalent in Korean elderly within normal limits of obese indices. Therefore the upper body fat indices reflected in the aged whose muscle mass is replaced by fat must be used as an indicator of CVD risk together with BMI. Although WHR was the worst index based on partial correlation analysis and so located between BMI and WC in ROC curve analysis in both sexes, it need to be use with WC to screen the cardiovascular risk group.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2003

본 연구는 서울 지역에 거주하고 일상식이를 하는 20-30대 여성 47명을 대상으로 1일 4.Og의 누에고치 유래 실크 펩타이드와 녹차잎 및 식이 섬유소를 한 달 정도 섭취하도록 하여 2002년 4월 1일부터 5월 30일에 실시하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 실험군의 평균 연령은 26.2세, 평균신장은 161.7cm, 평균 체중은 60.7kg, BMI평균은 23.4이었다. 보충전에 비하여 보충 후에 대조군의 총열량, 당질, 지질, 단백질 식이 섬유소 섭취량의 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 실험군의 경우 총열량은 보충 후에 유의적으로 감소하는 경향으로 나타났으며(p<0.01), 체중 변화는 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으나 보충 후에 3.0 kg 정도 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, BMI는 유의하게 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다(p<0.01). 체지방량 변화는 보충 후 유의적으로 감소하는 경향으로(p<0.001) 보충 전에 비해 2.0 kg 정도 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 복부비만율(WHR)의 경우 보충군에서 보충 전에 비해 유의적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타나(p<0.01), 복부비만 해소에 효과적으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. Total cholesterol과 LDL-cholesterol 변화 또한, 보충 후에 유의적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 보충후에 따른 상관관계를 분석한 결과로 HDL-cholesterol은 BMI와 WHR에서 음의 상관관계가 나타났다(p<0.01). LDL/HDL ratio BMI와 p<0.01 수준에서 양의 상관관계가 나타났으며, WHR과는 p<0.05수준에서 양의 상관관계가 나타났다. 이상 결과에서 보듯이, 저분자 펩타이드, 녹차잎 및 식이 섬유소의 보충은 체지방의 감소 효과 뿐만 아니라, 혈청 내 total cholesterol과 LDL-cholesterol 수준의 감소 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 특히 신체의 부위 중 복부의 지방을 감소시켜 복부 비만 관리 및 체지방 관련 위험율을 감소시키는 결과가 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.124-132
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• 2010

B시 소재 기숙형특목고 K고교 학생 중에서 %fat이 30% 이상인 비만여고생 32명을 3그룹(운동군 2그룹, 통제군)으로 구분하여 1일 65분, 주 3회, 총 8주간 weight training (WT)과 step box training (SBT)을 조합한 복합운동을 A group은 WT 70-80%$RM{\times}3$ sets+SBT (RPE 11-13)${\times}1$ set로, B group은 70-80%$RM{\times}1$ sets+SBT (RPE 11-13)${\times}3$ set로 실시하여 신체조성(soft lean mass, %fat, WHR), HOMA-IR 및 HbA1c의 변화를 알아보았다. 자료처리는 집단 내는 paired t-test를, 집단 간은 측정 전 후의 변화율(%diff.)을 이용, one-way ANOVA (Duncan test)를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 신체조성에서, 집단 내의 SLM은 운동군은 증가하였으나 통제군은 변화가 없었고, WHR은 A group은 감소하였으나 통제군은 증가하였다. %fat은 운동군 모두에서 감소하였으나 통제군은 증가하였다. 집단 간의 SLM은 A그룹이 B그룹과 통제군보다 더 크게 증가하였고, WHR은 A, B그룹이 통제군보다 더 크게 감소하였고, %fat은 A, B그룹이 통제군보다 더 크게 감소하였다. HOMA-IR은 집단 내에서는 운동군 모두 유의하게 감소하였으나 통제군은 유의하게 증가하였다. 집단 간 비교에서는 A, B그룹이 통제군보다 더 크게 감소하였다. HbA1c는 집단 내에서는 운동군 모두 유의하게 감소하였고 통제군은 변화가 없었다. 집단 간에서는 A그룹이 통제군보다 더 크게 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 복합운동을 할 때 유산소운동 형태보다는 저항운동의 비율을 높여주는 것이 신체조성과 대사관련 인자 개선에 효과적이라는 것을 확인시켜 주는 것이며 본 연구의 결과로 볼 때 복합운동의 강도는 WT의 비중을 높게 설정하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 생각된다.